Chii chinonzi Barium, chii chaicho chishandiso, uye maitiro ekuedza chinhu cheBariamu?

Munyika yemashiripiti yeChemistry,Bariamuyagara ichikwezva kutarisisa kwemasayendisiti ane chirahwe chayo chakasiyana uye anoshanda. Kunyangwe iyi silvery-chena yesimbi chinhu chisingaonekwe segoridhe kana sirivheri, inotora basa rakakosha muminda yakawanda. Kubva pazviridzwa zvakanyatsoongorora musainzi tabaroratories kuKonyorera kugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa mukugadzira maindasitiri kuChijimi

Pakutanga kwa 1602, Cassio Lauro, shoemaker muguta reItaly rePorta, rakabikwa barisi rine chinhu chinopisa nechinhu chinopisa muyedzo uye ndakashamisika kuona kuti inogona kupenya murima. Kuwanikwa uku kwakamutsa kufarira kukuru pakati pevadzidzi panguva iyoyo, uye ibwe rakanzi rakanzi porora dombo uye rakazova rondedzero yekutsvaga neveEuropean veEuropean.

Nekudaro, yaive iyo Sweden Chemist ScheEele uyo akasimbisa chaizvo kuti Barium yaive chinhu chitsva. Akawana chiBaramu oxide muna 1774 ndokuidaidza kuti "baryta" (inorema pasi). Akadzidza zvinhu izvi zvakadzama uye akatenda kuti yakaumbwa nenyika itsva (oxide) yakasanganiswa nesarufa acid. Makore maviri gare gare, akabudirira kufambisa nzizi yeiyi ivhu nyowani uye akawana nzombe nyowani. Kuwanikwa uku kwakaratidza kusimbiswa kwepamutemo kweBarium sechinhu cheSimbi, uye zvakare chakavhura rwendo rwekushandisa kweBarium muminda dzakasiyana siyana.

Kubva ipapo, vanhu vakaramba vachiwedzera kunzwisisa kwavo kweBariamu. Masayendisiti akaongorora zvakavanzika zvezvisikwa uye akasimudzira kufambira mberi kwesainzi uye tekinoroji nekufunda zvivakwa uye maitiro aBarium. Kushandiswa kweBarium mukutsvagisa kwesainzi, indasitiri, uye minda yezvekurapa kwave zvakare kuwanda, kuunza nyore uye kunyaradza hupenyu hwevanhu.

Runako rwebhari renhema harusi chete mukudzivirira kwayo, asiwo mune zvakavanzika zvesainzi kumashure kwayo. Masayendisiti akaramba achiongorora zvakavanzika zvezvisikwa uye akasimudzira kufambira mberi kwesainzi uye tekinoroji nekudzidza zvivakwa uye maitiro aBarium. Panguva imwecheteyo, Bari mune zvakare chinyararire ichiridza chikamu muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva, achiunza nyore uye nyaradzo kuhupenyu hwedu. Ngatisunge rwendo rwendo urwu rwemashiripiti rwekuongorora Barium, vhura chifukidziro chisinganzwisisike, uye kukoshesa runako rwayo rwakasiyana. Munyaya inotevera, isu tichazoteerera zvivakwa uye zvinoshandiswa zveBarium, pamwe nebasa rayo rakakosha mukutsvagurudza kwesainzi, indasitiri, uye mushonga. Ndinotenda kuti nekuverenga ichi chinyorwa, iwe uchave nekunzwisisa kwakadzama kwaBaramu.

1. Kushandiswa kweBarium

Bariamuchinhu chakajairika chemakemikari. Iyo isimbi-chena yesimbi iripo mune zvakasikwa nenzira yemhando dzakasiyana siyana. Izvi zvinotevera zvimwe zvinoshandiswa zuva nezuva zvebharium.

Kupisa uye kupenya: Barium isimbi inoshanda kwazvo iyo inoburitsa murazvo wakajeka murazvo kana uchisangana naAmoni kana oksijeni. Izvi zvinoita kuti Baium inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri senge magetsi, marimi, uye phosphor kugadzira.

Indasitiri yezvokurapa: Carium comaunds zvakare inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mune indasitiri yekurapa. Kudya kweBarium (senge mahwendefa emabhata) anoshandiswa mune gastrointestinal X-ray bvunzo kubatsira vanachiremba kuti vatarise mabasa ehurongwa hwegadziriro yekugaya. Mariium comalound inoshandiswawo mune mamwe marapirwo ekurapa, senge radioactive iodine yekurapwa kwechirwere cheshoko.
Girazi uye Ceramics: Barium Comaund inowanzoshandiswa muGirazi uye Kugadzira Kugadzira nekuda kwekunyungudika kwavo kwekunyungudika uye kupokana. Mariium comalogs inogona kuwedzera kuomesesa uye simba reCeramics uye rinogona kupa zvimwe zvakakosha zvevaCeramics, sekusimbisa kwemagetsi uye index yakakwira. Metal Alloys: Barium inogona kuumba maAlloys nedzimwe zvinhu zvesimbi, uye aya mahedheni ane zvimwe zvakasarudzika zvivakwa. Semuenzaniso, ALOUum ALOLY inogona kuwedzera iyo yekunyungudika yeAluminium uye magnesium Alloys, achivaita kuti zvive nyore kuita uye kukanda. Mukuwedzera, iyo Barium Alloys ine zvivakwa zvemagineti inoshandiswawo kugadzira mabhatiri ebetters uye magineti zvinhu.

Barium ndeyemakemikari chiratidzo chemakemikari ba uye atomic nhamba 56
2..
Bariamu (ba) is alkaline yepasi simbi element
1. Chitarisiko: Barium yakasviba, Silvery-White Simbi ine yakasarudzika simbi yakasarudzika kana yakatemwa.
2. Density: Barium ine yakakura density yeanenge 3.5 g / cm³. Ndeimwe yeiyo denser simbi pasi pano.
3. Kunyungudutsa uye mapoinzi ekubikisa: Barium ine inonyungudika yenyaya dzinenge 727 ° C uye nzvimbo inovira kweanenge muna 1897 ° C.
4. Kuomarara: Barium isimbi yakasviba ine mohs kuomarara kweanenge 1.25 pamadhora makumi maviri celsius.
5. Kubata: Bariamu ndeyechokwadi cittor yeMagetsi ine magetsi akakwirira magetsi.
6. Ductility: Kunyangwe Barium yesimbi yakapfava, ine imwe nhanho yezviduku uye inogona kuongororwa mumashiti akaonda kana waya.
7. Chiitiko chemakemikari: Barium haaite zvine simba neasina-simbi uye mitezo yakawanda pamhepo tembiricha, asi inogadzira oalides pakupisa kwakanyanya uye mumhepo. Inogona kuumba makomendi ane akawanda asiri messallic zvinhu, akadai sehodhi, shulfides, etc.
8. Mafomu ekuvapo: Maminers ane Barium muPasi Pasi, akadai sebhari (etc. Barium baritwo anogona zvakare kuvapo muchimiro che hydrate, oxides, carbonates, nezvimwewo.
9. Radioactivity: Barium ine akasiyana-siyana areotoactive isotopes, pakati peiyo Barium -
10. Zvigadzirwa: Marium comalound inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri, segirazi, rabha, macemicy yechikepe, etc. Barium chinhu chakakosha chesimbi element ane zvivakwa zvinoita kuti zvive zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakawanda.

3. Makemikari zvivakwa zveBarium
Metallic Properties: Barium isimbi simbi yakasimba neisina-chena kutaridzika uye kwakanaka kwemagetsi maitiro.

Density uye inonyungudika poindi: Barium izita rakakomberedzwa nehurongwa hwe3,51 g / cm3. Barium ane nzvimbo yakaderera yekunyungudika yeanenge 727 degrees celsius (1341 degrees Fahrenheit).

Kuita Semuenzaniso, Barium inobata ne chlorine kuburitsa Barium chloride.
Oxdizability: Barium inogona kuve ye oxidized kuti iite fomu yebharium. Barium Oxide inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akadai sesimbi inonhuhwirira uye girazi kugadzira.
Basa rakakwirira: Barium ane yakakwirira yemakemikari chiitiko uye nyore nyore nemvura kuti isunungure hydrogen uye kuburitsa leuum hydroxide.

4. Biological Properties yeBarium

Basa uye biological zvivakwa zveBarium mune zvisikwa hazvisi kunzwisiswa zvizere, asi zvinozivikanwa kuti Bariyasi ane chokwadi kune zvisikwa.

Inzwa nzira: Vanhu vanonyanya kupinza bhasium kuburikidza nekudya uye kunwa mvura. Zvimwe zvekudya zvinogona kunge zvine trace huwandu hweBarium, senge zviyo, nyama, uye zvigadzirwa zvemukaka. Mukuwedzera, nzvimbo yemvura dzimwe nguva ine yakakwirira ongororo yeBariamu.
Biological Kunyora uye metabolism: Barium inogona kubatikana nezvisikwa uye zvakaparadzirwa mumuviri kuburikidza nekutenderera kweropa. Barium anonyanya kuunganidza muitsvo nemapfupa, kunyanya mune zvakakwirira pamapfupa.
Biological Basa: Bariamu haisati yave kuwanikwa kuve nehurombo hwakakosha hwemuviri mune zvisikwa. Naizvozvo, basa rekubereka reBarium rinoramba riripo nharo.

5. Biological Properties yeBarium
Utongedzeka: Kukwirisa kwakanyanya kwearium ion kana atium comalound ine chepfu kune muviri wemunhu. Kunyanya kudya Kaarium kunokanganisa zviratidzo zvine chepfu, kusanganisira kurutsa, manyoka, kushaya simba, etcythmia, etc.
Kuunganidzwa kwepafupa: Bariamu inogona kuunganidza mapfupa mumuviri wemunhu, kunyanya muvakuru. Kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kuBartium Kingi kunogona kukonzera marwadzo emapfupa akadai seanopamba miganhu.carnovascular. Kunyanya kudya kwaBartium kunogona kukonzera moyo unoshamisa rirwiyo uye kuwedzera njodzi yekurwiswa kwemoyo.
Carcinogenicity: Kunyangwe ichine kukakavara pamusoro peCarcinogenicity yeBariamu, zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kuKoumments yeBaramu Nekuda kwekutuka uye njodzi ingangoita yeBarium, vanhu vanofanirwa kungwarira kuti vadzivise kunyanyisa kutapira kana kwenguva refu kusvika pakukwirira kwakanyanya kwaBaramu. Kukwirira kwearium mukumwa kwemvura uye chikafu chinofanira kutariswa uye kudzorwa kuti vadzivirire hutano hwevanhu. Kana iwe ukafungidzira muchetura kana uine zviratidzo zvine hukama, ndapota tsvaga kurapwa nekukurumidza.

6. Barium mune zvakasikwa

Barium zvicherwals: Barium inogona kuwanikwa mukusagadzikana kwepasi muchimiro chemaminerari. Zvimwe zvinowanzoitika zvizvarwa zvearium zvinosanganisira barite uye wanoma. Aya maOres anowanzo kuwanikwa nezvimwe zvichayanga, sekutungamira, zinc, uye sirivheri.

Yakanyungudika mumvura yepasi uye matombo: Barium inogona kuwanikwa mumvura yepasi uye matombo mumatombo ari mumatunhu asina kunyungudika. Mawadhi emvura ane trace huwandu hwekunyungudika, uye kugadzikana kwayo kunoenderana nemamiriro ega ega nemakemikari emuviri wemvura.

Barium Salts: Barium inogona kuumba akasiyana emunyu, akadai saBarium chloride, Barium Nitrate, uye Barium Carbonate. Aya makomputa anogona kuwanikwa mune zvakasikwa seyangoda zvicherwa.

Zvemukati muvhu: Barium inogona kuwanikwa muvhu mune dzakasiyana mafomu, mamwe idzo dzinobva kubva kumanyoro emamineral kana kuputswa kwematombo. Barium anowanzovapo mukusara kwakadzika muvhu, asi anogona kunge aripo mukumanikidzwa kwakanyanya mune dzimwe nzvimbo.

Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kuvapo uye zvemukati zvaBartium zvinogona kusiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzenyika uye matunhu, saka mamiriro egwara anofanirwa kutariswa kana uchikurukura neBaramu.

7. Mugodhi wemugodhi uye kugadzirwa
Maitiro ekugadzirira uye gadziriro yebharium anowanzo kusanganisira matanho anotevera:
1. Mining of Barium Oore: Iyo huru ingara yeBarium ore bariti, inozivikanwawo seBarium Sulfate. Zvinowanzowanikwa mukuputika kwepasi uye kunoparadzirwa zvakanyanya mumatombo uye deposits pasi. Mining anowanzobatanidza kuputika, mumigodhi, kupwanya uye kurwa kwe ore kuti uwane ore ine ore inarium sulfate.
2. Fungisisa kugadzirira kazhinji kunosanganisira kusarudzwa kweruoko uye nhanho dzekurima kubvisa tsvina uye kuwana ore ine anopfuura anopfuura 96% Barium Sulfate.
3. Kugadzirira kweBarium Sulfate: Iyo yekuisa pfungwa inoiswa pasi pematanho senge simbi uye silicon kubviswa kwekupedzisira kuwana iyo Barium Sulfate (Baso4).
4 Barium Sulfate ore poda neine sizi saizi yeisingasviki makumi maviri mesh inowanzo kusanganiswa nemarasha kana petroleum coke poda mune uremu chiyero che 4: 1. Musanganiswa wacho wakabikwa na 1100
5. Kudonhedza Barium Sulfide: Barium Sulfide Solution yeBarium Sulfate inogona kuwanikwa nemvura inopisa kusimuka.
6. Kugadzirira kweBarium Oxide: Kuti ushandise Barium Sulfide muBarium Oxide, Sodium Carbonate kana Carbon Dioxide inowanzowedzerwa kune iyo Barium Sulfide solution. Mushure mekusanganisa barum kabhoni uye kabhoni poda, calcination iri pamusoro 800 ℃ inogona kuburitsa learari oxide.
7. Kutonhora uye kugadzirisa: Inofanira kucherechedzwa kuti iyo Barium oxidals oxidize kuumba peroxide pana 500-7-700 Kuti udzivise kugadzirwa kweBarium Peroxide, chigadzirwa chakasvibirira chinoda kutonhorera kana kudzimwa pasi pekudzivirira kweiyo inerer gasi.

Iyo iri pamusoro ndiyo general mugodhi uye kugadzirira maitiro ebharium. Maitiro aya anogona kusiyana zvichienderana nemaindasitiri maitiro nemidziyo, asi nheyo yakakwana inoramba yakafanana. Barium isimbi inokosha maindasitiri anoshandiswa mune dzakasiyana-siyana maapplication, kusanganisira indasitiri yemakemikari, mushonga, magetsi, nezvimwewo.

8. Nzira dzakajairika dzekuona dzeBarium
Barium chinhu chinowanzoitika chinowanzoshandiswa muzvishandiso zvakasiyana-siyana zveundifiresi. Mukuongorora kwemakemikari, nzira dzekuona iyo Barium inowanzo kusanganisira ongororo yekuongorora uye kuwanda kuongororwa. Izvi zvinotevera sumo yakatsanangurwa kune iyo inowanzoshandiswa kushandiswa nzira dzekuwanikwa dzeBarium:
1. Plame Atomic jekisimasi (Faas): Ichi chiitiko chinowanzoshandiswa kuongorora maitiro akakodzera masampuli ane mindanji akanyanya. Iyo sampula mhinduro yakabviswa mumurazvo, uye maatomu earium anobata chiedza cheiyo chaiyo wavelength. Kukura kwechiedza chakabatikana kunoyerwa uye kwakabatanidzwa pakubata kwebharium.
2.. Kuenzaniswa neFAAS, faini inowanzoshandiswa kuona kuderera kwepasi pekuvhara kweBaramu.
3. Atomic Fluorescence SpectRometry (AAS): Iyi nzira yakafanana neFAAS, asi inoshandisa fluorescence spectrometer yekuona kuvapo kweBarium. Inogona kushandiswa kuyera trace huwandu hweBarium.

4 Barium ion akapatsanurwa uye anoonekwa neIon chromatograph. Inogona kushandiswa kuyera iyo Barium kusunganidzwa mumasampuli emvura.

5. X-Ray Fluorescence SpectRometry (XRF): Iyi inzira isiri-inoparadza yekufunga yakakodzera kuwanikwa kweBarium muSolid samples. Mushure mekunge sampuli inofara ne x-ray, maatomu emari anokoshesa chaizvo fluoterescence, uye zvirimo muzvinhu zvakatsanangurwa zvinoyera nekuyera kuwanda kwehupfumi.

6. Massent SpectRometry: Misa SpectRometry inogona kushandiswa kuona iyo isotopic kuumbwa kweBarium uye kuona iyo Barium Zvemukati. Iyi nzira inowanzoshandiswa kune yakakwirira-kunzwa kuongorora uye inogona kuona yakaderera kwazvo kutarisisa kweBariamu.

Izvi zviri pamusoro pane dzimwe nzira dzinowanzo shandiswa dzekuona Bariamu. Iyo nzira chaiyo yekusarudza zvinoenderana nemhando yemuenzaniso, huwandu hwakasungwa hwebharium, uye chinangwa chekuongorora. Kana iwe uchida rumwe ruzivo kana uine mimwe mibvunzo, ndapota inzwa wakasununguka kuti ndizive. Iyi nzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurambidzwa uye maindasitiri ekushandisa kusvika kune zvakanyatsojeka uye nekuvimbika kuyera uye kuona kuvapo uye kusimbisa kwebharium. Iyo nzira chaiyo yekushandisa inoenderana nerudzi rwemuenzaniso unoda kuyerwa, huwandu hwezvinhu zvebhari, uye chinangwa chaicho chekuongorora.

9. Atomic yekuwedzera nzira yeCalcium kuyerwa

Mukuyerwa kwelemic, atiomic yekushambadzira ine yakanyanya kurongeka uye kunzwa, uye inopa nzira dzinobudirira dzekufunda zvimiro zvemakemikari, kuumbwa uye zvemukati.nxxxt, isu tinoshandisa nzira yekutambisa yeatomu yekuyera zvirimo zvezvinhu zvezvinhu. Matanho chaiwo ari seinotevera: Gadzirira muenzaniso kuti uongororwe. Gadzirirai muenzaniso wetsiva kuti ubatanidzwe mumhinduro, izvo zvinowanzoda kucherwa neakasanganiswa acid yeyekutevera kuyerwa kwekutora kweatomiki. Zvinoenderana nezvinhu zveiyo sampuli kuti uongororwe uye huwandu hwezvinhu zvelement kuti zviyerwe, sarudza yakakodzera atomiki yekubatanidza spectrometer.
Gadzirisa paramita yematongerwo okutora leatorption spectrometer. Zvinoenderana nechinhu chinofanira kuedzwa uye chidzitiro chemhando, chinja paramende yeatomu yekubuda, kusanganisira mwenje wechiedza, Atomizer, detector, et.
Kuyera iyo yekubata kweiyo chinhu. Isa muenzaniso kuti uongororwe muAtomizer, uye wedzera radiation yemwenje yeiyo chaiyo wavelength kuburikidza neyakajeka sosi. Chinhu chinofanira kuedzwa chinodzora marara aya uye gadzira esimba level transitions. Kuyera iyo yekunyudza yeiyo sirivheri chinhu kuburikidza ne detector. Kuverenga zviri mukati meiyo chinhu. Zviri mukati meiyo chinhu chinoverengwa zvichienderana neyakaora uye iyo yakajairwa curve. Izvi zvinotevera ndiyo yakatarwa paramita inoshandiswa nechiridzwa kuyera zvinhu.

Standard: Yakakwirira-Challity Baco3 kana Bacl2 · 2h2o.
Nzira: Nenzira Yakarembera 0.1778g Bacc2 · 2h2o, nyungudika mune madiki emvura, uye ita nenzira chaiyo kusvika 100ml. Iyo ba yekushambadzira mune iyi mhinduro ndeye 1000μg / ml. Chengetedza muhombodo yebondehyle.
Murazvo Wemhando: Air-Acetylene, Yakapfuma murazvo.
Kuongororwa paramita: wavelength (NM) 553.6
Spectral Bandwidth (NM) 0.2
Filter coefficient 0,3
Yakakurudzirwa Rambi Razvino (ma) 5
Yakashata High Voltage (v) 393.00
Kureba kweBurner musoro (mm) 10
Nguva yekubatanidzwa (s) 3
Mhepo Dzvinyiriro uye kuyerera (MP, ML / Min) 0.24
Acetylene kumanikidza uye kuyerera (mpa, ml / min) 0.05, 2200
Linear Range (μg / ml) 3 ~ 400
Linear Correlation Coefficient 0.9967
Hunhu hwekusangana (μg / ml) 7.333
Kuona Limit (μg / ml) 1.0rsd (%) 0.27
Calculation nzira inoenderera mberi nzira
Solution acidity 0.5% HNO3

Fomu Bvunzo:

Calibration curve:

Murazvo Wemhando: Nitrous oxide-acetylene, Yakapfuma murazvo
.Analyises parameter: wavelength: 553.6
Spectral Bandwidth (NM) 0.2
Filter coefficient 0.66
Yakakurudzirwa Rambi Razvino (ma) 6.0
Yakashata High Voltage (v) 374.5
Kureba kwemusoro wemisangano (mm) 13
Nguva yekubatanidzwa (s) 3
Kumanikidza kwemhepo uye kuyerera (MP, ML / min) 0.25, 5100
Nitrous oxide inomanikidzwa uye kuyerera (MP, mL / min) 0.1, 5300
Acetylene Dzvinyiriro uye kuyerera (MP, ML / Min) 0.1, 4600
Linear Correlation Coefficient 0.9998
Hunhu hwekusangana (μg / ml) 0.379
Calculation nzira inoenderera mberi nzira
Solution acidity 0.5% HNO3

Fomu Bvunzo:

Calibration curve:

Kupindira: Bariu inokanganiswa zvakanyanya ne phosphate, silicon uye aluminium mune air-acetylene murazvo, asi izvi zvinokanganisika zvinogona kukurirwa mumuto wengaruva renyama. 80% ye ba is Ionized in nitrous oxide-acetylene Flame, ML yeKugumira Sensitivals. Kubva pazviridzwa zvakanyatsojeka musainzi yekutsvagisa kune zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira muhurongwa hwekugadzira muindasitiri, kune dzinza dzekurapa mumunda wekurapa, Barium yakapa rutsigiro rwakakosha kuminda yakawanda ine zvivakwa zvayo zvakasarudzika.
Nekudaro, sezvakaita mari yese ine mativi maviri, mamwe mishonga yebharium inowo vane chepfu. Naizvozvo, kana uchishandisa Barium, isu tinofanirwa kuramba takasvinura kuti tishandise zvakachengeteka uye tidzivise zvakaringana nharaunda uye muviri wemunhu.
Kutarisa kumashure pane rwendo rwekuongorora rwebharium, hatigone kubatsira asi kugomera zvakavanzika zvaro uye nechiratidzo. Haisi chete chinhu chekutsvagisa chemasayendisiti, asiwo mubatsiri ane simba weinjiniya, uye nzvimbo inopenya mumunda wekurapa. Kutarisa mune ramangwana, isu tinotarisira kuti Bhaamu ienderere mberi nekushamisika uye nekubudirira kufambira mberi kwesainzi uye nehunyanzvi. Ngatitarisei kushanda kunoshamisa kwebharium mune ramangwana uye kunopa zvakawanda kufambira mberi nekuvandudza kwevanhu.

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