Patinoongorora nyika inoshamisa yezvinhu,erbiuminokwezva kutarisisa kwedu nezvinhu zvakasiyana uye zvingangoita zvekushandisa. Kubva kugungwa rakadzika kusvika kunzvimbo yekunze, kubva pamidziyo yemazuva ano yemagetsi kusvika kugirini yejira tekinoroji, kushandiswa kweerbiumMumunda weSainzi anoenderera mberi nekuwedzera, kuratidza kukosha kwayo kusingaenzaniswi.
Erbium yakawanikwa neSweden Chemist Mosander muna 1843 nekuongorora Yttrium. Pakutanga akatumidza oxide ye erium seTerbium oxide,Saka mukutanga mabhuku ekutanga eGerman, Terbium oxide uye erbium oxide yakavhiringidzika.
Yakanga isiri kusvika mushure memakore 1860 kuti yakarongedzwa. Munguva imwe chete iyoyo kanaLanthanumyakawanikwa, Mosander akaongorora uye akadzidza pakutanga akawanikwaytrium, ndokuburitsa mushumo muna 1842, kujekesa kuti pakutanga zvakawanikwaytriumyakanga isiri imwe nzira imwe chete, asi nzombe yezvinhu zvitatu. Akaramba achidana mumwe wavo Yttrrium, uye zita rimwe rawoerbia(Erbium Pasi). Chiratidzo chelement chakaiswa seEr. Inotumidzwa zita mushure menzvimbo iyo yttrium ore yekutanga kuwanikwa, guta diki reYtter nepartylholm, Sweden. Iyo kuwanikwa kweErbium uye zvimwe zviviri zvinhu,Lanthanumuyeterbium, yakavhura musuwo wechipiri kune kuwanikwa kwezvisingawanzo zvepasi zvinhu, Ndeipi chikamu chechipiri chekuwanikwa kwechinhu chisingawanzo kuitika pasi zvinhu. Kuwanikwa kwavo kwechitatu chezvinhu zvisingawanzo kuitika pasi mushureceriumuyeytrium.
Nhasi, isu tichafamba rwendo rwekuwoneka uyu kuti tiwane nzwisiso yakadzama yezvinhu zvakasarudzika zveErbium uye kushandisa kwayo muhunyanzvi hwazvino.
Minda yekushandisa yeErbium element
1. Laser Technology:Erbium element inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muLaser Technology, kunyanya muLasers-State Lasers. Erbium ions inogona kuburitsa lasers ne wavelength yeanenge 1.5 microons mune yakasimba-state laser zvinhu, iyo yakakosha nzvimbo dzakakura senge fiber-optic yekukurukurirana uye zvekurapa Laser kuvhiya.
2. Fiber-Optic Contincations:Sezvo Erbium element inogona kuburitsa iyo wavelength inodiwa kuti ishandire mune fiber-optic yekutaurirana, inoshandiswa mune fiber mhuka dzekufambisa. Izvi zvinobatsira kusimudzira iyo yekuendesa kureba uye kushanda kwezviratidzo zvekushandisa uye kugadzirisa mashandiro ekutaurirana network.
3. Medical Laser Kuvhiya:Erbium Lasers anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurapa munda, kunyanya kune tishu yekucheka uye kanzuru. Sarudzo yeiyo wavelength inobvumira maERIBUUM Laser kuti ibatwe zvakanyatsonaka uye inoshandiswa kune yakakwirira-chaiyo yekuvhiya, yakadai saOthhtaricy yekuvhiya.
4. Magnetic zvinhu uye magineti resonance kufungidzira (MRI):Kuwedzerwa kweErbium kune mamwe mashura kunogona kuchinja maitiro avo emagineti, achivaita kuti zvikurumidzi zvakakosha mumagineti resonance fungidziro (mri). Erbium-yakawedzera magineti zvinhu inogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa musiyano weMRI mifananidzo.
5. Optical Amplifiers:Erbium inoshandiswawo mune Optical Amplifiers. Nekuwedzera erbium kune amplifier, kuwana kunogona kuwanikwa muhurongwa hwekutaurirana, kuwedzera simba uye kuendesa kure kwechiratidzo chaicho.
6. Inclear Energy Indasitiri:Erbium-167 istope ine yakakwira neutron chikamu, saka inoshandiswa seyakawanikwa neyakawanikwa muindasitiri yeNyukireya yeNeutroni yekuona uye kutonga kweNyukireya Engorora.
7. Tsvagurudzo uye Laboritorial:Erbium inoshandiswa seyakasarudzika kana mucherechedzo mubharabhoritari yekutsvaga uye mashandiro emabhoritari. Zvivakwa zvaro zvakakosha zvekufungidzira uye zvigadzirwa zvemagariro zvinoita kuti itambe basa rakakosha mukutsvaga kwesainzi.
Erbium anoita basa rakakosha musainzi yemazuva ano uye tekinoroji uye mushonga, uye zvivakwa zvaro zvakasarudzika zvinopa kutsigirwa kwakakosha kwekushandisa kwakasiyana siyana.
Zvivakwa zvemuviri zveErbium
Chitarisiko: erbium isiriyo chena, simbi yakasimba.
Density: erbium ine density yearching 9.066 g / cm3. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti erbium izimbi rakasimba.
Inline polling point: erbium ine inonyungudika nzvimbo ye1,529 degrees celsius (2,784 degrees fahrenheit). Izvi zvinoreva kuti pakupisa kwakanyanya, erbium inogona kuchinja kubva kune yakasimba mamiriro kusvika kune mvura yemvura.
Boiling Point: erbium ine nzvimbo yekubika ye2,870 degrees celsius (5,198 degrees Fahrenheit). Iyi ndiyo pfungwa iyo erbius shanduko kubva kune yemvura mamiriro kune iyo gaseous mamiriro pakudziya kwakanyanya.
Underity: erbium ndeimwe yeanonhuwira simbi uye ine magetsi akanaka ekuita.
Magnetism: Pamhepo tembiricha, erbium ndeye feromagnetic zvinhu. Iyo inoratidzira ferromagnetism pazasi kumwe kupisa, asi inorasikirwa neiyi pfuma pakupisa kwakanyanya.
Magineti nguva: erbium ine yakakura masheni nguva yemagineti, iyo inoita kuti ive yakakosha mumaginhini zvinhu uye magineti ekushandisa.
Crystal chimiro: Pamhepo tembiricha, iyo crystal chimiro che erium ndeye hexagonal yepedyo kurongedza. Ichi chimiro chinobata zvivakwa zvaro mune yakasimba mamiriro.
Formal Underity: erbium ine yakakwirira yekubatanidza kubatana, ichiratidza kuti inoita nemazvo muhukama hwekuita.
Radioaction: erbium pachayo haisi chinhu chedareactive, uye iyo inogadzikana iyoopes ine zvakawanda zvakawanda.
Spectral Properties: erbius inoratidza chaiyo yekunyora uye kubuda mitsara munzvimbo dzinooneka uye dziri pedyo dzinonzwika, dzinoita kuti ibatsire muLaser Technology uye maOptical application.
Zvivakwa zvemuviri zvezvinhu zveErbius zvinoita kuti ishandiswe zvakanyanya mu tekinoroji tekinoroji, kutaurirana kwechokwadi, mushonga uye imwe minda yesainzi uye neyenyanzvi.
Chemical Properties yeErbium
Chemical Symbol: Iyo Chemical Symbol yeErbium ndeyer.
Oxidation State: erbium inowanzoitika muiyo +3 Oxidation State, iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa oxidation nyika. Mune makomputa, erbium inogona kuumba ^ 3 + ions.
Kuita Inobata zvishoma nezvishoma kumvura uye acids, saka inogona kuramba yakagadzikana mune zvimwe zvekushandisa.
Solubility: erbium inodonha mune yakajairika inorganic acids kuti iburitse iyo inoenderana ne erbium salts.
Maitiro neokisijeni: erbium inobata neokisijeni kuumba oxides, kunyanyaEr2o3 (erbium dioxide). Iyi idombo-red-tsvuku yakasimba inowanzo kushandiswa mune ceramic glazes uye zvimwe zvinoshandiswa.
Maitiro neHalogens: erbium inogona kuita neHalogens kuumba inoenderana kudzikama, sengeerbium fluoride (Erf3), erbium chloride (Ercl3), nezvimwe.
Maitiro ane sarufa: erbium inogona kuita nesarufa kuti iite sulfides, sengeErbium Sulfide (Er2s3).
Reaction ne nitrogen: erbium inobata ne nitrogen kuti fomuerbium nitride (ern).
Complexes: erbium inoumba akasiyana-siyana emakara, kunyanya mune organometallic chemistry. Izvi zvakaenzana zvine kukosha kwekushandisa muzvikamu uye mamwe minda.
Yakagadzika Oopotopes: erbium ine akawanda akagadzikana Oconopipes, iyo inonyanya kuwanda yeiyo ndeyer-166. Uye zvakare, erbium ine mamwe madarea ekusarudzika, asi hama yavo yakaderera.
Zvivakwa zvemakemikari zveiyo Element erbium ita chimwe chinhu chakakosha chezvakawanda zvekunyora-tech-tech zvinoshandiswa, zvichiratidza kupesana kwayo muminda dzakasiyana.
Biological Properties yeErbium
Erbium ine mashoma ebhaibheri zvivakwa muzvisikwa, asi zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti zvinogona kutora chikamu mune mamwe maitiro ezvinyorwa pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu.
Biological Kuwanika: erbium chinhu chinotsvaga chezvisikwa zvakawanda, asi kusvetuka kwayo muzvisikwa zvakaringana.LanthanumIons dzinonetsa kubviswa uye kushandiswa nezvisikwa, saka havawanzoita basa rakakosha muzvisikwa.
Kugutsikana: erbium inowanzoonekwa seyakaderera yehupfumi, kunyanya uchienzaniswa nezvimwe zvinhu zvisingawanzoitika pasi. Erbium compounds inoonekwa seisina kukuvadzwa pane zvimwe zvekuvhuna. Nekudaro, kutarisisa kwakanyanya kweLanthanamu
Kubata Biology: Kunyangwe erbium ine mashoma mabasa muzvisikwa, zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti zvinogona kutora chikamu mune mamwe maitiro ezvinyorwa. Semuenzaniso, dzimwe zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti erbium inogona kuita rimwe chinzvimbo mukusimudzira kukura uye kuyerera kwezvirimwa.
Zvekushandisa Zvekurapa: erbium uye makomisheni ayo zvakare ane zvimwe zvekushandisa mumunda wekurapa. Semuenzaniso, erbium inogona kushandiswa mukurapa kwemamwe radionuclides, somumiriri musiyano wegakava regastrointestinal, uye sekuwedzera kwezvinhu zvinodhaka. Mukufungidzira kurapa, maErbium makomputa dzimwe nguva anoshandiswa seanosiyanisa vamiririri.
Zvemukati mumuviri: erbium iripo mune zvidiki zvidiki mune zvakasikwa, saka zvirimo mune zvakawanda zvisikwa zvakanyatso kuderera. Mune zvimwe zvidzidzo, zvakawanikwa kuti mamwe madhiri uye zvidyarwa zvinogona kukwanisa kutora uye kuunganidza erbium.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti erbius hachisi chinhu chakakosha kumuviri wemunhu, saka kunzwisisa kwemabasa ayo ezvekuita zvinhu kuchiri kushoma. Parizvino, mainini ekushandisa Erbium achirongwa muminda yehunyanzvi seyesaiti science, optics, uye mushonga, pane mumunda we biology.
Mining uye kugadzirwa kweErbium
Erbium chinhu chisingawanzo chinhu chevhu chinowanzoitika mune zvakasikwa.
1. Kuvapo mukuputika kwepasi: erbium iripo mukuputika kwepasi, asi zvirimo zvakaderera. Yayo pakati yezvinyorwa inenge 0.3 mg / kg. Erbium inonyanya kuripo muchimiro cheOres, pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu zvisingawanzoitika pasi.
2. Kugovera muOres: erbium inonyanya kuripo muchimiro cheOres. Ors Ores inosanganisira Yttrium erbium ore, erbium aluminium Stone, erbium potassium dombo, etc. Izvi zvezvinyorwa zvinowanzove nedzimwe zvinhu zvisingawanzo panguva imwe chete. Erbium inowanzove iripo muchimiro chakatsanangurwa.
3. Nyika huru dzekugadzira: Nyika huru dzekugadzirwa kweErbium inosanganisira China, United States, Australia, etc. idzi nyika dzinokosha mukugadzirwa kwezvakakosha zvinhu zvepasi.
4 Izvi zvinosanganisira nhevedzano yemakemikari uye inonhuwirira matanho kupatsanura uye kuchenesa erbium.
5. Ukama nezvimwe zvinhu: erbium ine zvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana kune zvimwe zvinhu zvisingawanzoitika, saka maitiro ekuparadzaniswa, zvinowanzo kuve wakakosha kufunga nezvekujairika uye kuita zvimwe zvinhu zvisingawanzoitika.
6. Nzvimbo dzekushandisa: erbium inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumunda weSainzi uye tekinoroji, kunyanya mune zvekutaurirana zvekutaurirana, Laser Technology uye Kuratidzira Kufungidzira. Nekuda kwekurwisa kwayo-kuratidzira zvinhu mugirazi, erbium inoshandiswawo mukugadzirira kwegirazi.
Kunyangwe erbius isingawanzo kuvezwa pasi penyika, nekuda kwezvinhu zvaro zvakasarudzika mune zvimwe zvinhu zvepamusoro, zvinodikanwa kuti zviwedzere kukura, zvichikonzera kukura kwekukura nekuvandudzwa kwemugodhi uye kunatsa matekinoroji.
Nzira dzakajairika dzekuona dzeErbium
Nzira dzekuona dzeErbium dzinowanzo kusanganisira nzira dzekuongorora yemakemikari. Izvi zvinotevera sumo yakazara kune vamwe vanowanzoshandiswa nzira dzekuona erbium yekuona:
1. Atomic yekunyora spectres (aas): Aas ndeyekuwanzoitwa yekuongorora maitiro ekuongorora yakakodzera kusarudza zvirimo mune simbi zvinhu mumuenzaniso. Mune aas, sampu yakagadzirirwa uye yakapfuura nepamhepo yechiedza chechiedza chevhu, uye kusimba kwechiedza chakabatanidzwa mumuenzaniso unoonekwa kuti uone kuongororwa kweiyo chinhu.
2.. MuChin-oes, sampu inopfuura neplasma yakasarudzika yekugadzira plasma yakakwirira-tembiricha inofadza maatomu mune sampuli yekubira spectrum. Nekuona iyo wavelength uye kusimba kweiyo yakabuda mwenje, kusunganidzwa kwechinhu chimwe nechimwe mune sampuli inogona kutsanangurwa.
3. Misa SpectRocressry (ICP-MS): ICP-ms inosanganisa chizvarwa cheSductrely Colled Plasma neStution Kugadziriswa kweMisangano uye inogona kushandiswa kuongororwa kwelimental ku fungidziro yakaderera. MuCP-ms, sampuli inovharirwa uye ionized, uye yakabva yaonekwa neyekuona masendimita kuti awane huwandu hwehukuru hwechinhu chimwe nechimwe, nekudaro achiona fungidziro yayo.
4. Iyi nzira inonyanya kushanda yekutsvaga zvinhu zvisingawanzo kuitika pasi.
5. Chromatography: chromatography inogona kushandiswa kupatsanura uye kuona erbium compounds. Semuenzaniso, Ion exchangegraphy
Idzi nzira dzinowanzoda kuitwa munzvimbo yemarabhareti uye inoda kushandiswa kwezviridzwa zvemitambo nemidziyo. Iko kusarudzwa kweiyo yakakodzera nzira yekuona inowanzoenderana nemhando yemuenzaniso, pfungwa inodiwa, resolution, uye kuwanikwa kwemidziyo yemarabhoritari.
Kunyatsoitwa kweatomic yekubatanidza nzira yekuyera Erbium element
Mukuyerwa kwelement, atiomic yekushambadzira inojekesa uye kunzwa, uye inopa nzira dzinobudirira dzekufunda zvimiro zvemakemikari, kuumbwa kwenyika uye zvemukati zvezvinhu.
Tevere, isu tinoshandisa atomi yekutora nzira yekuyera zvirimo zveErbium element. Matanho chaiwo ari seanotevera:
Kutanga, zvinodikanwa kugadzirira muenzaniso une erbium element. Iyo sampuli inogona kuve yakasimba, mvura kana gasi. Kune samples solid, inowanzo kuve yakakosha kuti isanyunguduke kana kuvanyungudutsa kuti ive inotevera etomization maitiro.
Sarudza yakakodzera atomiki yekutarisa iyo spectrometer. Zvinoenderana nezvinhu zveMuenzaniso kuti uzwe kuyerwa uye huwandu hwevaErbium zvirimo kuti zviyerwe, sarudza yakakodzera atomiki yekutarisa.
Gadzirisa paramita yematongerwo okutora leatorption spectrometer. Zvinoenderana nechinhu chinofanira kuyerwa uye chimbo chehurongwa, chinja paramende yeatomu yekubuda, kusanganisira sosi yechiedza, Atomizer, etomizer, et.
Kuyera iyo yekubata kweiyo erbium element. Isa muenzaniso kuti uongororwe muAtomizer, uye wedzera radiation yemwenje yeiyo chaiyo wavelength kuburikidza neyakajeka sosi. Iyo Erbius element kuti iongororwe ichatora iyi radi radiation uye gadzira simba rekushandurwa kwesimbe. Kubata kweiyo erbium element inoyerwa ne detector.
Verenga zvirimo zveiyo erbium element. Verenga zvirimo zveiyo erbium element zvichibva pane iyo yekubata uye iyo yakajairwa curve.
Padanho resainzi, erbium, nezvivakwa zvayo zvisinganzwisisike uye zvakasarudzika, zvakawedzera kubatwa kunoshamisa kune huwandu hwevanhu hwekuongorora kwevanhu uye hunyanzvi. Kubva pakadzika kwevanhu pasi pepasi pepasi kuti zvinhu zvepamusoro mumasarabhoritari, rwendo rwevaErbium zvakapupurira kutevera kwevanhu kusingazive kwechakavanzika cheiyo chakavanzika cheChinhu. Kushandisa kwayo mune zvekutaurirana zvekutaurirana, tekinoroji yemusangano uye mushonga wakapinza zvimwe mukana muhupenyu hwedu, zvichiita kuti titirege kusvika munzvimbo dzaimbove dzakavanzika.
Sezvo Erbius anovhenekera kuburikidza nechikamu chegirazi rekristaro mune octics kuvhenekera nzira isingazivikanwe kumberi, inovhura musuwo mugomba rakadzika-dzika dzevanoongorora muHoro yesainzi. Erbius haingori nyeredzi inopenya iri patafura yemaperi, asi zvakare mubatsiri ane simba kuti vanhu vakwanise kukwira pamusoro peSainzi uye tekinoroji.
Ndinovimba kuti mumakore anouya, tinogona kuongorora chakavanzika cheErbium zvakadzama uye chichiwedzera zvinoshamisa zvinoshamisa, kuti nyeredzi iyi "yeiyo" ichivhenekera uye inovhenekera nzira yekufambira mberi kwevanhu. Nyaya yeiyo Element erbium inoenderera, uye isu tiri kutarisira kuti nderipi zvishamiso zvarangarame Erbium zvichatiratidza pane imwe sainzi.
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Kutumira Nguva: Nov-21-2020