Waizviziva here? Maitiro evanhu ari kuwanaytriumyakanga izere nemharavhani nematambudziko. Muna 1787, Swede Karl Axel Arrhenius akawana njodzi uye akasvinuka matema ezvekutengesa padhuze nepfumo padyo nemusha wekwaYtterby uye zita rekuti "ytterbite". Mushure meizvozvo, masayendisiti mazhinji anosanganisira Johan Gadelin, Anders Gustav Ekberg, Fredrich Wöhler uye vamwe vaifamba-siyana pakutsvagisa pane iyi ore.
Muna 1794, Finnish Chemist Johan Gadolin akabudirira kupatsanura nzombe nyowani kubva kuYtterbium ore uye akatumidzwa kuti Yttrium. Aka kaive kekutanga kuti vanhu vakafumura zvakajeka nyika. Nekudaro, ichi kuwanikwa hakuna kukwezva nekupararira kwakapararira.
Nekufamba kwenguva, masayendisiti akawana zvimwe zvinhu zvisingawanzoitika pasi. Muna 1803, iyo Klapuroti yeGerman uye Sweden Hitzinder naBeryelius vakawana casium. Muna 1839, Swede Mosander yakawanikwaLanthanum. Muna 1843, akawana erbium uyeterbium. Idzi dzakawanikwa dzakapa hwaro hwakakosha hwekutsvagisa kwesainzi kwesainzi.
Yakanga isiri kusvika pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19 iyo masayendisiti akabudirira kupatsanura chinhu "yttrium" kubva kuYttrium ore. Muna 1885, Austrian Wilsbach akawana neodymium uye praseodymium. Muna 1886, Bois-Baudran akawanaDysprosium. Idzi dzakawanikwa dzakapfumisa mhuri yakakura yezvinhu zvisingawanzo kuitika.
Kwekupfuura zana zana mushure mekuwanikwa kweYttrium, nekuda kwekusakwana kwemamiriro ezvinhu ehunyanzvi, masayendisiti akatadza kuchenesa chinhu ichi, icho chakakonzerawo dzimwe nharo dzedzidzo uye zvikanganiso. Nekudaro, izvi hazvina kumira masayendisiti kubva mukushingairira kwavo kudzidza Yttrium.
Mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20, nekufambira mberi kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, masayendisiti akazotanga kuchenesa zvinhu zvisingawanzo kuitika. Muna 1901, Frenchman eugente de Marseille yakawanikwaEuropium. Muna 1907-1908, Austrian Wilsbach uye Frenchman Urbain akazvimirira akawana Lutetium. Idzi dzakawanikwa dzakapa hwaro hwakakosha hwekutsvagisa kwesainzi kwesainzi.
Musainzi yemazuva ano uye tekinoroji, kushandiswa kweYttrium kuri kuwedzera uye kuwedzera zvakanyanya. Nekuenderera mberi kwekufambira mberi kwesainzi uye tekinoroji, kunzwisisa kwedu uye kushandiswa kweYttrium kuchave kwakawedzera uye kwakadzika.
Minda yekushandisa yeYttrium Element
1.Optical girazi uye ceramics:Yttrium inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira yegirazi yegirazi uye ceramics, kunyanya mukugadzira kweCererals cereracs uye girazi remagetsi. Makomputa ayo ane zvinhu zvakanaka kwazvo zvine chekuita uye anogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvikamu zve lasers, fiber-optic kutaurirana uye zvimwe zvishandiso.
2. Phosphors:Yttrrium compounds inotamba zvakakosha padzidziso uye dzinogona kukurudzira fluorescence, saka dzinowanzoshandiswa kugadzira tv zvikonzero, monitors uye zvishandiso zvemwenje.Yttrium oxideUye mamwe mishonga inowanzoshandiswa seyakajeka zvinhu kuti uwedzere kupenya uye kujekeswa kwechiedza.
3. Alloy anowedzera.Yttrium Alloyszvinowanzoshandiswa kugadzira yakakwira-simba simbi uyeAluminium Alloys, kuvaita kuti varegedze kupisa-kupokana uye kupokana.
4. CatalySts. Ivo vanoshandiswa kugadzira mota inowedzera kusekerera kuchenesa zvishandiso uye vanochera mumaindasitiri ekugadzira maitiro, kubatsira kuderedza kubviswa kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza.
5. Kuratidzira Kufungidzira Tekinoroji.
6. Laser Technology:Yttrium ion lasers izhinji yakasimba-nyika laser inoshandiswa mukusiyana kwesainzi yekutsvaga, laser mushonga uye maindasitiri ekushandisa. Kugadzirwa kweaya laser kunoda kushandiswa kweimwe yttrium compounds sevatambi.Yttrium zvinhuUye makomisheni avo anoita basa rakakosha musainzi yemazuva ano uye tekinoroji uye maindasitiri, zvinosanganisira minda yakawanda yakadai seyemies, midziyo yemidziyo, uye yakaita mipiro yakanaka yekufambira mberi nekuvandudza kwevanhu.
Zvivakwa zvemuviri zveYttrium
Iyo atomic nhamba yeytriumndeye 39 uye chiratidzo chemokero chemoyo yacho y.
1. Kutaridzika:Yttrium isimbi-chena simbi.
2. Dentity:Iyo density ye yttrium ndeye 4.47 g / cm3, inoiita imwe yezvinhu zvinorema mukuputika kwepasi.
3. Inline polting:Iyo yekunyungudika iyo Yttrium ndeye 1522 degrees celsius (2782 degrees Fahrenhius
4. Boiling point:Iyo yekubika point yeYttrium is 3336 degrees celsius (6037 degrees Fahrenheit), iyo inoreva tembiricha iyo ytttrium inoshandura kubva kune iyo mvura kusvika kune gasi pasi pegasi mumamiriro ekunze.
5. Phase:Pamhepo tembiricha, yttrium iri mune yakasimba mamiriro.
6. Kuita:Yttrium ndeyechokwadi cittor yeMagetsi neyekubata zvakanyanya, saka ine zvimwe zvekushandisa mugetsi zvemagetsi kugadzira uye wedunhu tekinoroji.
7. Magnetism:Yttrium is a pramagnetic zvinhu pamhepo tembiricha, zvinoreva kuti haina mhinduro yepakungwa kuminda yemagineti.
8. Crystal chimiro: Yttrium iripo mune hexagonal yepedyo-yakachekwa crystal chimiro.
9. Atomic vhoriyamu:Iyo Atomic vhoriyamu yeYttrium ndeye 19.8 Cubic centimeter per mole, iyo inoreva vhoriyamu yakagarwa neiyo mole ye yttrium atoms.
Yttrium isimbi yezvinhu zvine simba rakakura uye inonyungudika pfungwa, uye ine hukama hwakanaka, saka zvine zvakakosha mashandisirwo emagetsi, midziyo yemidziyo uye mimwe minda. Panguva imwecheteyo, yttrium icho chimwe chinhu chakajairika chisingawanzo, chinoita basa rakakosha mune mamwe matongero epamberi uye maindasitiri ekushandisa.
Chemical Properties yeYttrium
1. Chemical Symbol uye boka: Chiratidzo cheYttrium y, uye iri munguva yechishanu ye tafura yemapato, iyo yechitatu boka, rakafanana nezvinhu zveLannades.
2. Chimiro chemagetsi: Iyo yemagetsi chimiro yeYttrium is 1s² 2S² 2P⁶ 3S² 3P⁶ 3S² 4P⁶ 4D¹⁰ 4F¹⁴ 5S² 4F¹⁴ 5S² 4F¹⁴ 5S² 4F¹⁴ 5S² 4F¹⁴ 5S² 4F¹⁴ 5S² 4F¹⁴ 5S² 4F¹⁴ 5S² 4F¹⁴ 5S² 4F¹⁴ 5S² 4F¹⁴ 5S² 4F¹⁴ 5S² 4F¹⁴ 5 Muchikepe chekunze cheEkiria, Yttrium ine magetsi maviri ealm.
3. Valence State: Yttrium inowanzo kuratidza Valence State ye +3, iyo ndiyo yakajairika nyika, asi inogona kuratidza valente States inoti ye +2 ne +1.
4. Kugadzirisa: yttrium isimbi yakagadzikana simbi, asi ichapedza oxidize kana ichiratidzwa nemhepo, ichigadzira nzombe yehusiku pamusoro pechiso. Izvi zvinokonzera Yttrium kuti urasikirwe nekuchengetedzwa kwayo. Kuchengetedza Yttrium, inowanzochengeterwa munzvimbo yakaoma.
5. Kuita ne oxides: yttrium inobata nemhando yemhando yekuumba dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisiraYttrium oxide(Y2O3). Yttrium oxide inowanzoshandiswa kugadzira phosphors uye ceramics.
6. *Yttrium chloride (Ycl3) kanaYttrium Sulfate (Y2 (saka4) 3).
7. Kuita nemvura: Yttrium haina kuita zvakananga nemvura pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, asi pakupisa kwakanyanya, zvinogona kuita nemupendero wemvura kuti ugadzire hydrogen uye yttrium oxide.
8 9
Yttrium izere simbi yesimbi ine akawanda valence inotaura uye kugona kuita nezvimwe zvinhu zvekugadzira makomendi. Iyo ine huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa muEptics, Science Science, mushonga, uye indasitiri, kunyanya mumafosi, eCeramic kugadzira tekinoroji.
Biological Properties yeYttrium
Zvinhu zvekubereka zveytriumMuzvipenyu zvipenyu ndezvevashoma.
1. Kuvapo uye Kupa: Kunyangwe Yttrrium isiri chinhu chakakosha kune hupenyu, trace huwandu hweYttrium inogona kuwanikwa mune zvakasikwa, kusanganisira ivhu, nematombo, uye mvura. Zvisikwa zvinogona kumisikidza trace huwandu hweYttrium kuburikidza neketani yekudya, kazhinji kubva muvhu uye zvidyarwa.
2.. Yakawanda yeYttrium compound haina kunyudzwa zviri nyore muzvisikwa, saka ivo vanowanzo fundwa.
3 Kunyanya, mapfupa ane makomendi epamusoro eYttrium.
4.. Zvizhinji zvacho zvinokwira kuburikidza neUrine, uye zvinogona zvakare kubviswa nenzira yekuzvishora.
5. Kuvhenekera: Nekuda kweiyo yakaderera bioavalability, yttrium haiwanzo kuunganidza kune inokuvadza mazinga mune zvakajairwa zvisikwa. Nekudaro, yakakwirira-dosi yttrium kuratidzwa inogona kuve nemhedzisiro inokuvadza pane zvisikwa, zvichitungamira kune ane chepfu mhedzisiro. Iyi mamiriro anowanzoitika kashoma nekuti yttrium yekuvharirwa mune zvakasikwa zvinowanzo shandiswa zvakanyanya uye haina kujeka kana zvisikwa zveYttrium Kunyangwe isina kuve pachena ine chepfu mhedzisiro mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, yakakwirira-dosi yttrium kuratidzwa kunogona kukonzera njodzi dzehutano. Naizvozvo, tsvakiridzo yesainzi uye yekutarisa ichiri yakakosha kune kuchengetedzeka uye zviitiko zvebhaibheri zveYttrium.
Kugoverwa kweYttrium mune zvakasikwa
Yttrium ishoma yepasi yepasi chinhu chinogovaniswa zvakanyanya mune zvakasikwa, kunyangwe chisipo mune yakachena elemental fomu.
1 Izvi zvinoita kuti yttrium imwe yezvinhu zvisingawanzoitika.
Yttrium inonyanya kuripo muchimiro chemaminerari, kazhinji pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu zvisingawanzoitika pasi. Imwe huru yeYttrium manyama inosanganisira Yttrrium iron garnet (yig) uye yhottrium oxalate (Y2 (c2o4) 3).
2.. Imwe huru yeYttrium deposits inogona kuwanikwa mumatunhu anotevera: Australia, China, Russia, Canada, Canada Izvi zvinowanzosanganisira acid kusimuka uye makemikari ekuparadzanisa maitiro ekuwana yakakwirira-yekuchena yttrium.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti zvisingawanzo zvepasi zvinhu zvakaita seYttrium hazviwanzo kuvepo muchimiro chezvinhu zvakachena, asi zvakasanganiswa nezvimwe zvinhu zvisingawanzoitika. Naizvozvo, kubviswa kwekunyora kwepamusoro kweyttrium inoda kuoma kweMakemikari kugadzirisa uye kupatsanurwa maitiro. Mukuwedzera, iyo yekugovera yezvisingawanzo zvepasi zvinhuishoma, saka kufunga nezvezvakanaka zvekutarisira uye kuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza kunokoshawo.
Mining, Exction uye kuomeswa kweYttrium Element
Yttrium ishoma yepasi yepasi iyo kazhinji haipo mune fomu yeiyo yakachena Yttrium, asi muchimiro cheYttrium ore. Izvi zvinotevera sumo yakazara kune iyo mining uye yekunatsa maitiro eYttrium element:
1. Mining of Yttrium ore:
Kuongorora: Kutanga, geologists uye maInjiniya mainjiniya anoitisa kuongorora basa rekutsvaga kuti riwane nzvimbo ine Yttrium. Izvi zvinowanzosanganisira zvidzidzo zve geological, kuongorora geophys, uye kuongorora kwemuenzaniso. Mining: Kamwe dhipoziti ine yttrium inowanikwa, ore inonzi mined. Aya maDepos anowanzobatanidza oires ores senge ytttrium iron garnet (yig) kana ytttrium oxacolate (y2 (c2o4) 3). Ore kupwanya: Mushure memigodhi, ore kazhinji inoda kuputswa kuita zvidiki zvidimbu zvekugadzirisa zvinotevera.
2. Kubvisa Yttrium:Kumakemikari kusimuka: Iyo yakapwanywa ore inowanzotumirwa kunonhuwirira, uko Yttrium inobviswa kuburikidza nemakemikari kusimuka. Maitiro aya anowanzo shandisa acidic kusiya mhinduro, senge sulfuric acid, kunyungudusa iyo yttrium kubva pane ore. Kuparadzaniswa: Kamwe Yttrrium yakanyungudutswa, inowanzo kusanganiswa nezvimwe zvinhu zvisingawanzoitika uye kusachena. Kuti ubvise yttrium yekuchena kwepamusoro, maitiro ekuparadzanisa anodikanwa, kazhinji achishandisa solvent kubviswa, ion kuchinjanisa kana mamwe maitiro emakemikari. Precipitation: Yttrium inoparadzaniswa kubva pane zvimwe zvisingawanzo kuitika pasi kubva kumakemikari akakodzera emakemikari kuumba yakachena yttrium compound. Kuomesa uye Calcination: Iyo Yakatora Yttrium Compound inoda kuomeswa uye yakagadziridzwa kubvisa chero yakasara kunyorova uye kusvibiswa kuti muzowana yakachena yttrrium simbi kana makomendi.
Nzira dzekuona dzeYttrium
Nzira dzinozivikanwa dzekucherekedza dzeYttrium dzinonyanya kusanganisira atomic dentorption spectroscopy (aas), inductively Colled Plasma Massma (ICP-MS), X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF), etc.
1. Atomic yekunyora spectroscopy (AAS):Aas ndeye inowanzo shandiswa kuongorora nzira yekuongorora yakakodzera kusarudza iyo yttrium yezvinyorwa mumhinduro. Iyi nzira yakavakirwa pane iyo yekunyudza phenomenon apo chinhu chakanangwa mumuenzaniso chinotora mwenje weiyo chaiyo wavelength. Kutanga, muenzaniso unoshandurwa kuva fomu yekuyera kuburikidza nekunyepedzera matanho akadai sekuroverwa kwegasi uye yakakwirira-tembiricha kuoma. Zvadaro, chiedza chinoenderana neyakagadziriswa chechinhu chakanangana nechirevo chakaendeswa mumuenzaniso, uye zvirimo zveYttrium mumuenzaniso unoverengera nekuenzanisa neyakagadziriswa yeYttrium yekuziva.
2. Inductively Colled Plasma Massma SpectRometry (ICP-MS):ICP-ms inonyanya kuongorora maitiro ekuongorora yakakodzera kusarudza iyo yttrium yezviri mumvura uye samples samples. Iyi nzira inoshandura sampuro mumabhadharo emabhadharo uyezve inoshandisa misa misa spectrometer yekuongorora misa. ICP-ms ine yakakura yekuona huwandu uye yakakwirira resolution, uye inogona kuona zviri mukati mezvikamu zvakawanda panguva imwe chete. Kuonekwa kweYttrium, ICP-ms kunogona kupa yakaderera yakaderera yekuona miganhu uye yakanyanya kurongeka.
3. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (xrf):XRF ndeye isiri-inoparadza ongororo nzira yakakodzera yekutsunga kweYttrium zvirimo mune yakasimba uye yemvura samples. Iyi nzira inosarudza chinhu chelement zvemukati nekupfekera pamusoro peiyo sampu ine X-rays uye kuyera hunhu hwepamusoro hwekuwedzera kweiyo fluorescenzi sampuli. XRF ine zvakanakira kumhanya nekukurumidza, kushanda kwakareruka, uye kugona kuona zvinhu zvakawanda panguva imwe chete. Nekudaro, xrf inogona kukanganiswa nekuongororwa kweyakaderera-zvemukati yttrium, zvichikonzera zvikanganiso zvakakura.
4.Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission SpectRometry inzira inotarisisa uye yakasarudzika yekuongorora zvakanyanya inoshandiswa mukuongororwa kwakawanda. Iyo inofunga sampu uye inogadzira plasma kuyera iyo chaiyo wavelength uye kuwedzera of yttriumkubuda mu spectrometer. Pamusoro penzira dziri pamusoro apa, kune dzimwe nzira dzinowanzo shandiswa kuongororwa, kusanganisira nzira dzeElectrochemical, etccroct
Chaiyo application ye ytttrium atomic yekushambadzira nzira
MuChinyorwa chekare Izvi zvinotevera chiitiko chakadzama chekuyedza Yttrium muICP-MS:
1. Kuyera Kugadzirira:
Muenzaniso unowanzoda kunyungudutswa kana kuparadzaniswa kuita fomu yemvura yeICP-ms kuongorora. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nekuparadzwa kwemakemikari, kupisa kugaya kana imwe nzira dzakakodzera dzekugadzirira.
Kugadziriswa kwemuenzaniso kunoda mamiriro akachena akachena kudzivirira kusvibiswa neese zvinhu zvekunze. Iyo rabhoritari inofanira kutora matanho anodiwa kuti udzivise sampula.
2. Chizvarwa chizvarwa:
ICP inogadzirwa nekuunza argon kana argon-okisijeni yakasanganiswa gasi mune yakavharwa quartz plasma torch. Yakakwira-frequency inductive coupling inoburitsa iyo yakanyanya plasma murazvo, iyo iri yekutanga nzvimbo yekuongorora.
Tembiricha yemaplasma ndeye 8000 kusvika ku1000 degrees celsius, iyo yakakwira zvakakwana kushandura zvinhu zviri mumuenzaniso mune Ionic State.
3. Ionization uye kupatsanurwa:Kamwe chete sampula inopinda plasma, izvo zvinhu zvirimo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti maatomu anorasikirwa nerimwe chete kana anopfuura maelekitori, kuumba kupomerwa ion. ICP-ms inoshandisa misa masendimita kuti uparadzanise ion dzezvinhu zvakasiyana, kazhinji nehuremu-kune-kubhadharisa ratio (m / z). Izvi zvinobvumira ion zvezvinhu zvakasiyana kuti zviparadzaniswe uye zvakazotaurwa.
4. Misa SpectRoreTry:Iyo inosanganiswa ionsenti inopinda mumashure misa, kazhinji quadrupole misa spectrometer kana magineti inotsvaga misa misa spectrometer. Muhuwandu hwekufambisa, ion dzezvinhu zvakasiyana dzakaparadzaniswa uye dzakaonekwa maererano nehuwandu hwavo-kune ratidziro. Izvi zvinobvumira kuvapo uye kusimbisa kwechinhu chimwe nechimwe kuve chakatemwa. Chimwe chezvakanakira zvisina kunaka pamwero weplasma misa masvomhu ndiko kururamisa kwayo, iyo inogonesa kuona zvinhu zvakawanda panguva imwe chete.
5. Kugadzirisa data:Iyo data inogadzirwa ne icp-ms kazhinji inoda kuongororwa uye kuongororwa kuti uone kusarudzika kwezvinhu zviri mumuenzaniso. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuenzanisa chiratidzo chekuonekwa kune zviyero zvekufungidzira zvinozivikanwa, uye kuita calibration uye kururamisa.
6. Result Chirevo:Mhedzisiro yekupedzisira inoburitswa seyakavharirwa kana huwandu hwehuwandu hweiyo chinhu. Mhedzisiro idzi dzinogona kushandiswa mune dzakasiyana siyana zvekushandisa, kusanganisira ngozi yesainzi, yekuongorora kwezvakatipoteredza, kuedzwa kwekudya, kuratidzira kwekurapa, etc.
ICP-ms izita rakaringana uye rinonamira rakakodzera kuti riwane kuongororwa kwakawanda kwehuwandu, kusanganisira Yttrium. Nekudaro, zvinoda kushandiswa kwakaoma uye hunyanzvi, saka zvinowanzoitwa mumarabhoritari kana nyanzvi yekuongorora nzvimbo. Mubasa chairo, zvinodikanwa kusarudza nzira yakakodzera kuyerwa maererano nezvinodiwa chaizvo zvesaiti. Idzi nzira dzakashandiswa zvakanyanya mukuongorora uye kuwonekwa kweYtterbium mumarabhorati uye maindasitiri.
Mushure mekupfupisa izvo zviri pamusoro, tinogona kugumisa kuti Yttrrium chinhu chinonakidza chemakemikari chine akasiyana emuviri uye makemikari zvivakwa, izvo zvakakosha kwazvo mukutsvaga kwesainzi uye minda yekushandisa. Kunyangwe isu takafambira mberi mukunzwisisa kwedu, kuchine mibvunzo mizhinji inoda kuwedzera kutsvagisa uye kuongorora. Ndinovimba kuti kusuma kwedu kunogona kubatsira vaverengi kunyatsonzwisisa izvi zvinonakidza zvinhu uye kukurudzira rudo rwemunhu wese resainzi uye kufarira kuongorora.
Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo Plstaura nesuPazasi:
Tel & Whats: 008613524231522
Email:Sales@shxlchem.com
Kutumira Nguva: Nov-28-2024