Mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo gukora igihugu gikomeye no kwihutisha iterambere ry’ibikoresho bishya, Leta yashyizeho itsinda riyobora iterambere ry’inganda nshya.Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho, komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura, Minisiteri y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga, na Minisiteri y’Imari bafatanyije hamwe igitabo cyerekeye iterambere ry’inganda nshya, cyatangije igihe gishya cy’iterambere ry’iterambere.Guhura n'amahirwe mashya, Nkibikoresho byihariye bikora, uburyo bwo gukurikirana iterambere ryibikoresho bidasanzwe byisi, umwanditsi asobanura mu buryo burambuye ibisobanuro shingiro nibiranga "imikorere yisi idasanzwe +", niki nuburyo "+" imikorere idasanzwe yisi, n'ibindi
Ibikoresho bishya bivuga ibikoresho bishya bifite imikorere myiza cyangwa imikorere idasanzwe, cyangwa ibikoresho bifite imikorere inoze cyangwa imirimo mishya nyuma yibikoresho gakondo byanonosowe.Ibikoresho bidakunze kubaho ku isi bifite imirimo yihariye nka magnetisme, urumuri, amashanyarazi, catalizike no kubika hydrogène, kandi birashobora kongerwaho ibikoresho gakondo nk'ibyuma, aluminium, magnesium, ibirahuri na ceramika kugirango bitezimbere imikorere cyangwa bitange ibikoresho bishya bikora. Inganda zidasanzwe ku isi igomba gukoresha amahirwe mashya y’iterambere ry’amateka, igahura n’ibibazo bishya ikanagera ku nzozi nshya, ni ukuvuga guharanira kugera ku cyerekezo gikomeye cyatanzwe na Mugenzi Deng Xiaoping, umwubatsi mukuru w’ivugurura ry’Ubushinwa no gufungura ati: "Hagati hari peteroli hagati Isi y'Iburasirazuba n'iyidasanzwe mu Bushinwa, ku buryo tugomba gukora akazi keza mu bibazo bidasanzwe by'isi kandi tugatanga uruhare runini ku byiza by'isi idasanzwe mu Bushinwa ", kugira ngo indabyo z'imirimo idasanzwe y'isi zishobore kumera. Kora" imikorere y'isi idasanzwe + "ibikorwa imbaraga nshya za kinetic zigamije iterambere ryubukungu bwigihugu.
Icya mbere, ibintu by'ibanze biranga isi idasanzwe.
Isi idasanzwe izwi nka "mukundwa" y'ibikoresho bishya bikora mu kinyejana cya 21.Kubera imirimo yihariye nka physics, electrochemistry, magnetism, urumuri n'amashanyarazi, yarakoreshejwe cyane.Isi idasanzwe ifite ibyiza byo gutanga amasoko make, ubushobozi bunini bwisoko ryisi yose, urwego rwo hasi rwo gusimbuza imikorere hamwe n’ibikoresho byinshi bya gisirikare byo kurinda igihugu.Hamwe niterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rishya ryo kuzigama ingufu n’ibidukikije, Kwishingikiriza kuri sosiyete igezweho ku bikoresho bidasanzwe bikoreshwa ku isi biriyongera, kandi byakoreshejwe mu bukungu bw’igihugu na siyansi igezweho.Ubutaka budasanzwe bwashyizwe ku rutonde nkibikoresho by’ibihugu byinshi.Mu mwaka wa 2006, mu bintu 35 byifashishijwe mu buhanga buhanitse byatangajwe na Minisiteri y’ingabo z’Amerika, ubwoko 16 bw’ibintu bidasanzwe by’ubutaka usibye promethium (ibihimbano byakozwe mu buryo bwa artile na radioaktiw), bingana na 45.7% by’ibikoresho byose by’ikoranabuhanga.Mu Ibintu 26 byubuhanga buhanitse byatoranijwe n’ishami ry’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga mu Buyapani, ibintu 16 bidasanzwe ku isi byose birimo, bingana na 61.5%.Ibihugu kwisi yose birakora cyane ubushakashatsi kubijyanye nubuhanga bwogukoresha ibikoresho bidasanzwe byisi, kandi hariho intambwe nshya mugukoresha ibikoresho bidasanzwe byubutaka mumyaka hafi 3 ~ 5.
Ingamba zubutaka budasanzwe bugaragarira cyane cyane mubikorwa byubutaka budasanzwe, kandi ibikoresho nibikorwa nibikorwa bigomba guhuzwa cyane.Nigute dushobora guteza imbere siyanse no gukoresha neza imirimo yo gukoresha ibikoresho bidasanzwe byubutaka byahindutse ubutumwa bwingenzi bwabakozi ba siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga ridasanzwe ku isi. Mbere ya byose, ni ngombwa kurushaho kumenya ibintu bitatu by’ibanze biranga isi idasanzwe, aribyo "imitungo itatu" : Ingamba zumutungo, imikorere yibintu no kwaguka kwimirimo ikoreshwa; icya kabiri ni ugusobanukirwa no gusobanukirwa amategeko shingiro yiterambere ryimikorere no kuyashyira mubikorwa.
Ibibazo byingamba kubutaka budasanzwe.Isi idasanzwe ni umutungo udasubirwaho.Isi idasanzwe nizina rusange ryibintu 17.Amabuye y'agaciro akwirakwizwa cyane muri kamere, kandi ikwirakwizwa ry'ibintu riratandukanye.Niyo mpamvu, birakenewe kurushaho gushimangira imicungire yubumenyi yubutunzi budasanzwe bwisi, Irashobora kugabanywa mubice byingenzi, bikomeye kandi muri rusange, kandi bigashyirwa mubumenyi bwa siyansi ukurikije ibintu, ubwoko n'imikorere, kugirango habeho umwuka mwiza wamasoko yorohereza. kugabana mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro umutungo w’ubutaka ku isoko, no kumenya ubumwe kama bwiterambere ryiterambere no gukoresha neza umutungo wisi udasanzwe.
Ku mikorere yibintu bidasanzwe byubutaka. Umusaruro wibikoresho bidasanzwe byisi bigomba gutunganywa.Ihuriro ry'umusaruro wubutaka budasanzwe nko gucukura amabuye y'agaciro, gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro, gutandukanya gushonga no gushonga ibyuma ahanini ni inzira yo gukora ibikoresho fatizo.Ibicuruzwa nyamukuru nibicuruzwa byibanze nka okiside yisi idasanzwe, chloride, ubutare bwisi budasanzwe hamwe nubutaka budasanzwe bwibintu bimwe, bitaragaragaza imikorere yibintu byabo, Ariko bifite uruhare runini mubikoresho bikora nyuma yo kubitunganya byimbitse. Kubwibyo, kugirango iterambere ryakurikiyeho ryibikoresho, birakenewe kunonosora umusaruro kubintu, kunoza ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, guhuza ingano yubunini bwibigize hamwe nibindi bipimo byerekana ubuziranenge, kugirango tunoze agaciro k'ibicuruzwa n'imikorere ikoreshwa murwego rumwe rw'ubutaka budasanzwe; .
Ku kwagura ibikorwa bidasanzwe byo gukoresha isi.Ibikoresho bidasanzwe byubutaka bigomba gutezwa imbere mubikoresho bikora nibicuruzwa bikoreshwa. Dufashe urugero rwibintu bidasanzwe bya magneti bihoraho nkurugero, inzira yinganda zose zikora inganda ziva mubyuma bidasanzwe byubutaka kugeza kumurongo, magnetiki ifu, gucumura (cyangwa guhuza), ubusa, gutunganya, ibikoresho, nibindi mugukoresha ibikoresho bishya bikora, Nuburyo kandi bwo guteza imbere no kunoza ibikoresho bidasanzwe byubutaka bukora isi, byerekana neza urwego rwubuyobozi bwa siyanse, urwego rwiterambere ryibikorwa kandi urwego rwubwenge rukora inganda.Ubu, ibigo bimwe byateye imbere bigana kuriyi ntego kandi bigeze ku rwego rwo hejuru, Urugero, uruganda rukora ifu ya magnetiki yisi idasanzwe rwagutse kugeza ku musaruro wa moteri ya servo kubikoresho bya mashini ya CNC, moteri idasanzwe ya moteri. kuri terefone igendanwa nibindi bicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bidasanzwe bidasanzwe bya magnetiki
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-18-2021