Ukuze kusetshenziswe isu lokwenza izwe eliqinile futhi kusheshiswe ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezintsha, umbuso umise iqembu elihamba phambili lokuthuthukiswa kwemboni entsha yezinto zokwakha.UMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi, Ikhomishini Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko, Umnyango Wesayensi Nobuchwepheshe, kanye Nomnyango Wezezimali ngokuhlanganyela bakhiphe Umhlahlandlela Wokuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Yezinto Ezintsha, ongenise inkathi entsha yamathuba entuthuko yamasu.Ukubhekana namathuba amasha,Njengezinto ezisebenzayo ezikhethekile, ukuthi ungafinyelela kanjani ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba, umbhali uchaza ngokuningiliziwe incazelo eyisisekelo nezici "zomsebenzi womhlaba ongavamile+",yini futhi kanjani "+"umsebenzi womhlaba ongavamile, njll.
Izinto ezintsha zibhekisela ezintweni ezintsha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu noma imisebenzi ekhethekile, noma izinto ezisebenza kangcono noma imisebenzi emisha ngemva kokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezivamile.Izinto ezingavamile zomhlaba zinemisebenzi ekhethekile efana ne-magnetism, ukukhanya, ugesi, i-catalysis kanye nokugcinwa kwe-hydrogen, futhi zinganezelwa ezintweni zendabuko ezifana nensimbi, i-aluminium, i-magnesium, ingilazi kanye ne-ceramics ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza noma ukukhiqiza izinto ezintsha zokusebenza.Imboni yomhlaba engavamile. kufanele ibambe amathuba amasha entuthuko yomlando, ihlangabezane nezinselelo ezintsha futhi ifeze amaphupho amasha, okungukuthi, ilwele ukufeza umbono omkhulu obekwe uComrade Deng Xiaoping, umdwebi omkhulu wezinguquko nokuvula iChina, "Kukhona uwoyela Phakathi Umhlaba osempumalanga nongavamile eShayina, ukuze senze umsebenzi omuhle ezindabeni zomhlaba ezingavamile futhi sidlale ngokugcwele izinzuzo zomhlaba ongavamile eShayina", ukuze izimbali zemisebenzi yomhlaba engavamile ziqhakaze.Yenza "umhlaba ongavamile usebenze+ "ukwenza amandla amasha e-kinetic ekuthuthukisweni komnotho kazwelonke.
Okokuqala, izici eziyisisekelo zomhlaba ezingavamile.
Umhlaba ongavamile waziwa ngokuthi "isithandwa" sezinto ezintsha zokusebenza ekhulwini lama-21.Ngenxa yemisebenzi yayo ekhethekile efana ne-physics, i-electrochemistry, i-magnetism, ukukhanya nogesi, iye yasetshenziswa kabanzi.I-Rare Earth inezinzuzo zomthombo olinganiselwe wokuhlinzeka, umthamo wemakethe enkulu yomhlaba wonke, izinga eliphansi lokushintshwa komsebenzi kanye nezinga eliphezulu lempahla yezempi yokuvikela izwe.Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha okonga amandla kanye nemvelo, ukuncika komphakathi wesimanje ezintweni ezisebenzayo zomhlaba ezingavamile kuyakhula, futhi sekusetshenziswe emnothweni wezwe kanye nesayensi yesimanje.Imihlaba eyivelakancane ibalwe njengezinsiza zamasu ngamazwe amaningi.Ngo-2006, phakathi kwezinto ezingu-35 zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ezimenyezelwe uMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-US, izinhlobo ezingu-16 zazo zonke izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile ngaphandle kwe-promethium (ama-elementi ahlanganisiwe nama-radioactive) afakiwe, okubalelwa ku-45.7% wazo zonke izici zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Izingxenye ezingu-26 zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ezikhethwe uMnyango Wesayensi Nobuchwepheshe wase-Japan, izingxenye zomhlaba eziyi-16 ezingavamile zifakiwe zonke, ezibalelwa ku-61.5%.Amazwe kuwo wonke umhlaba enza ucwaningo ngamandla okusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezingavamile emhlabeni, futhi kukhona intuthuko entsha ekusetshenzisweni kwezinto ezisebenza emhlabeni ezingavamile cishe eminyakeni engu-3 ~ 5.
Isu lezinsiza zomhlaba ezingavamile libonakala ngokuyinhloko ekusebenzeni kwezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba, futhi izinto ezisebenzayo nemisebenzi esetshenziswayo kudingeka kuhlanganiswe eduze.Indlela yokuthuthukisa ngokwesayensi nokusebenzisa kahle imisebenzi yesicelo sezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba isiphenduke umgomo obalulekile wabasebenzi besayensi nobuchwepheshe bomhlaba obuyivelakancane.Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izici ezintathu eziyisisekelo zomhlaba ongavamile, okungukuthi "izakhiwo ezintathu" :Isu lezisetshenziswa, ukusebenza kwezici kanye nokunwetshwa kwemisebenzi yohlelo lokusebenza;Okwesibili ukuqonda okwengeziwe nokubamba umthetho oyisisekelo wokuthuthuka nokusebenza kwawo.
Izinkinga zamasu ezinsizeni zomhlaba ezingavamile.I-Rare Earth isisetshenziswa samasu esingavuseleleki.Umhlaba ongavamile igama elivamile lezakhi ezingu-17.Imithombo yayo yamaminerali isakazwa kabanzi emvelweni, futhi ukusatshalaliswa kwezakhi kuhlukile.Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuqhutshekwe nokuqinisa ukuphathwa kwesayensi yezinsiza zomhlaba eziyivelakancane, Kungahlukaniswa ngamasu, okubucayi kanye nokujwayelekile, futhi kumiswe ngokwesayensi ngokuya ngezakhi, izinhlobo nemisebenzi, ukuze kwakhiwe isimo semakethe esihle esivumela ukwabiwa okunengqondo kwezinsiza zomhlaba ezingavamile ezimakethe, futhi kuqashelwe ubunye bezinto eziphilayo zokuthuthukiswa okunengqondo kanye nokusetshenziswa kahle kwemithombo yomhlaba engavamile.
Emsebenzini wezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba.Ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo zomhlaba ezingavamile kufanele kucwengwe.Izixhumanisi zokukhiqiza zezinsiza zomhlaba eziyivelakancane njengezimayini, ukucutshungulwa kwezimbiwa, ukuhlukaniswa kokuncibilikisa nokuncibilikiswa kwensimbi empeleni kuyinqubo yokukhiqiza izinto ezingavuthiwe.Imikhiqizo eyinhloko yimikhiqizo eyinhloko njengama-oxides omhlaba angavamile, ama-chloride, izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile kanye nama-alloys omhlaba angavamile we-elementi eyodwa, angakabonakali umsebenzi wezakhi zawo, Kodwa inethonya elikhulu ezintweni ezisebenzayo ngemva kokucubungula okujulile. Ngakho-ke, ekuthuthukisweni okulandelayo kokusebenza kwezinto zokwakha, kuyadingeka ukuthi kucwengisiswe ukukhiqizwa ngezinto, kuthuthukiswe ubumsulwa bomkhiqizo, kuthuthukiswe ukwakheka kosayizi wezinhlayiyana nezinye izinkomba zekhwalithi ezisebenzayo, ukuze kuthuthukiswe inani lomkhiqizo kanye nezinga lomsebenzi wohlelo lwento eyodwa yomhlaba eyivelakancane. .
Ekwandiseni umsebenzi wesicelo somhlaba ongavamile.Izinto ezisebenzayo zomhlaba eziyivelakancane zidinga ukuthuthukiswa zibe izinto ezisebenzayo kanye nemikhiqizo esetshenziswayo.Uma sithatha izinto zikazibuthe ezihlala unomphela emhlabeni njengesibonelo, yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza iketango lemboni isuka ezinsimbi zomhlaba eziyivelakancane ukuya kumcu wokusika, uzibuthe. impushana, i-sintering (noma i-bonding), engenalutho, icutshungulwa, amadivaysi, njll. ekusebenziseni izinto ezintsha ezisebenzayo, futhi kuwuhlelo lokuthuthukisa nokuthuthukisa izinto ezisebenzayo zomhlaba ezingavamile, ezibonisa ngokugcwele izinga lokuphathwa kwesayensi, izinga lokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza komkhiqizo kanye Izinga lokukhiqiza lamabhizinisi ahlakaniphile.Okwamanje, amanye amabhizinisi enze inqubekelaphambili kulo mgomo futhi afinyelele izinga eliphezulu kakhulu,Isibonelo, imboni yempushana kazibuthe yomhlaba engavamile isinwebele ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi kwama-servo motors amathuluzi omshini we-CNC, ama-micro special motors. omakhalekhukhwini kanye neminye imikhiqizo yamagnetic yomhlaba esezingeni eliphezulu engavamile
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-18-2021