Nhanganyaya Yekushandiswa kweRare Earths
Zvisizvo zvepasi zvinhu zvinozivikanwa se "industrial mavhitaminzi", ine isingadzoreki yakanakisa magineti, yekuona uye yemagetsi zvivakwa, kuvandudza mashandiro echigadzirwa, kuwedzera chigadzirwa chakasiyana, kuvandudza kugadzirwa kwakanaka kwaita basa rakakura.Nekuda kwebasa rakakura repasi risingawanzo, kushandiswa kwezvidiki, kwave chinhu chakakosha kuvandudza chimiro chechigadzirwa, kuvandudza zvesainzi uye tekinoroji, kukurudzira kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji muindasitiri, yakashandiswa zvakanyanya musimbi, mauto, petrochemical, girazi ceramics. , kurima uye zvinhu zvitsva nezvimwe minda.
Metallurgical industry
Rare pasi vanakomana nemasisita vakashandiswa mumunda wesimbi kweanopfuura makore 30, uye vakagadzira yakakura tekinoroji uye tekinoroji, isingawanzo pasi musimbi, isina-ferrous simbi, inzvimbo yakakura, ine tarisiro yakafara.Rare pasi simbi kana fluoride, silicate yakawedzerwa kusimbi, inogona kuita basa rekunatsa, desulfurization, yepakati uye yakaderera nzvimbo yekunyungudika inokuvadza tsvina, uye inogona kuvandudza mashandiro esimbi;Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumotokari, tirakita, injini yedhiziri uye mamwe maindasitiri ekugadzira michina, isingawanzo pasi simbi yakawedzerwa kune magnesium, aluminium, mhangura, zingi, nickel uye mamwe asiri-ferrous alloys, anogona kuvandudza muviri uye makemikari zvimiro zvealloys, uye kuvandudza. iyo tembiricha yekamuri uye yakanyanya tembiricha michina yealloys.
Nekuti mapasi asingawanzo ane hunhu hwakanaka hwemuviri senge optical uye electromagnetic, anogona kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva zvine akasiyana zvivakwa uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvimwe zvinhu, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kunaka uye kuita kwezvimwe zvigadzirwa.Naizvozvo, pane zita re "goridhe reindasitiri".Chekutanga, kuwedzera kwepasi risingawanzo kuvandudza kushandiswa kwematangi, ndege, zvombo zvinokandwa, simbi, aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy tactical performance.Uye zvakare, zvisingawanzo pasi zvinogona zvakare kushandiswa semagetsi, lasers, indasitiri yenyukireya, superconducting uye mamwe akawanda epamusoro-tech lubricant.Tekinoroji yepasi isingawanzo, kana yakamboshandiswa muchiuto, ichaunza kusimukira kwesainzi neruzivo rwechiuto.Neimwe nzira, kutonga kukuru kwemauto eUS kwehondo dzemuno mushure meCold War, pamwe nekugona kuuraya muvengi zvisina muganhu uye neruzhinji, imhaka yekirasi yayo isingawanzo hunyanzvi hwepasi.
Petrochemicals
Rare Earths inogona kushandiswa mumunda we petrochemical kugadzira molecular sieve catalysts, ine basa rakakwirira, sarudzo yakanaka, kupikisa kwakasimba kune heavy metal chepfu uye zvimwe zvakanakira, nokudaro kutsiva aluminium silicate catalysts ye petroleum catalytic cracking process;Kurapa kwayo gasi vhoriyamu yakakura zvakapetwa ka1.5 pane iyo nickel aluminium catalyst, mukugadzirisa kweshunbutyl rabha uye isoprene rabha, kushandiswa kwecyclane acid isingawanzo pasi - matatu isobutyl aluminium catalyst, yakawana kuita kwechigadzirwa kwakanaka, ine michina mishoma yakaturika. glue, kushanda kwakagadzikana, pfupi mushure mekurapa maitiro uye zvimwe zvakanakira;zvichingoenda zvakadaro.
Girazi ceramics
Huwandu hwemashandisirwo epasi repasi muChina girazi uye indasitiri yeceramic rave kuwedzera paavhareji ye25% kubva 1988, kusvika 1600 matani muna 1998, uye isingawanzo girazi repasi ceramics hazvisi chete zvechinyakare zvinhu zveindasitiri nehupenyu, asi. uyewo nhengo huru dzepamusoro-tekinoroji munda.Rare Earth oxides kana kugadziridzwa isingawanzo kugadzirwa pasi pevhu inogona kushandiswa sehupfu hwekupukuta hunoshandiswa zvakanyanya mugirazi remaziso, magirazi ekuona, machubhu ekufungidzira, oscilloscopetubes, girazi rakatsetseka, plastiki uye simbi tableware polishing;Kuti ubvise ruvara rwegirinhi kubva mugirazi, kuwedzera kweasingawanzo pasi oxides kunogona kuburitsa akasiyana mashandisiro egirazi remaziso uye rakakosha girazi, kusanganisira kuburikidza ne infrared, uv-absorbing girazi, asidhi uye inodzivirira kupisa girazi, X-ray-proof girazi. , nezvimwewo, mu ceramic uye enamel kuwedzera zvisingawanzo pasi, zvinogona kuderedza kuputika kwe glaze, Uye inogona kuita kuti zvigadzirwa zviratidze mavara akasiyana uye kupenya, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yekeramic.
Agriculture
Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti zvisingawanzo zvinhu zvepasi zvinogona kuvandudza chlorophyll zvirimo muzvirimwa, kuwedzera photosynthesis, kukurudzira kukura kwemidzi, uye kuwedzera kunyudzwa kwechikafu chemidzi.Ivhu risingawanikwe rinogona kukurudzira kumera kwembeu, kuwedzera kumera kwembeu, uye kukurudzira kukura kwembeu.Pamusoro pemabasa makuru ari pamusoro, asi zvakare ane kugona kugadzira zvimwe zvirimwa kuti zviwedzere kupikisa zvirwere, kutonhora, kusanaya kwemvura.Nhamba huru yezvidzidzo zvakaratidzawo kuti kushandiswa kwehuwandu hwakakodzera hwezvinhu zvisingawanzo pasi zvinogona kukurudzira kutora, kutendeuka uye kushandiswa kwezvokudya mumiti.Kupfapfaidza pasi risingawanzo kuvandudza iyo Vc yemukati, yakazara shuga yemukati uye shuga-asidhi reshiyo yeapuro nemichero yecitrus, uye kusimudzira ruvara rwemichero uye precociousness.Inogona kuvharidzira simba rekufema panguva yekuchengetedza uye kuderedza chiyero chekuora.
Zvishandiso zvitsva
Rare earth ferrite boron permanent magnet material, ine high residual magnetism, high orthopedic force and high magnetic energy kuunganidza uye humwe hunhu, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yemagetsi neaerospace uye inotyaira maturbine emhepo (kunyanya akakodzera kune offshore magetsi ekugadzira zvidyarwa);- Aluminium garnets uye niobium girazi rakagadzirwa kubva kuchena kwakakwirira zirconium inogona kushandiswa seyakasimba laser zvinhu;zvisingawanzo pasi boroncans zvinogona kushandiswa kugadzira cathodic zvinhu zvinobudiswa nemagetsi;niobium nickel simbi ichangobva kugadzirwa haidhirojeni yekuchengetedza zvinhu muma1970s;uye chromic acid ndeye tembiricha yakakwira thermoelectric zvinhu Parizvino, iyo superconducting zvinhu zvakagadzirwa neobium-based oxides nekuvandudzwa kweiyo niobium-yakavakirwa okisijeni zvinhu munyika inogona kuwana superconductors munzvimbo yemvura nitrogen tembiricha, iyo inoita budiriro mukusimudzira. ye superconducting zvinhu.Pamusoro pezvo, mavhu asingawanzo anoshandiswawo zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakajeka senge phosphors, yakagadziridzwa skrini phosphors, tri-ruvara phosphors, fotokopi yakapfava poda (asi nekuda kwemutengo wakakwira wemitengo isingawanzo pasi, saka kushandiswa kwemwenje kwakadzikira zvishoma nezvishoma), fungidziro. mahwendefa eterevhizheni uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi;Inogona kuwedzera kuburitsa kwayo ne5 kusvika 10%, muindasitiri yemachira, isingawanzo pasi chloride inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukutsvaira mvere, dhayi remvere, dhayi remvere uye dhayi kapeti, uye nyika isingawanzo shandiswa mumotokari catalytic converters kuderedza iyo huru. zvinosvibisa muinjini zvinoburitsa gasi kuita zvisingaite huturu.
Mamwe maapplication
Zvisikwa zvepasi zvinhu zvinoshandiswawo mumhando dzakasiyana dzezvigadzirwa zvedhijitari zvinosanganisira zvinonzwika-zvinoonekwa, kutora mafoto, kutaurirana uye akasiyana emidziyo yedhijitari, kusangana nechigadzirwa chidiki, nekukurumidza, chakareruka, kushandisa nguva yakareba, kuchengetedza simba uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvinodiwa.Panguva imwecheteyo, yakashandiswawo kune simba rakasvibirira, kurapwa, kuchenesa mvura, kutakura uye mamwe minda.