Iko kushanduka kwevanopasike kwepasi munyika kunogona kushandiswa kuona iyo maindasitiri mwero. Chero yakakwirira, chaiyo, uye yakakwira zvinhu, zvikamu, uye zvishandiso hazvigone kuparadzaniswa kubva kusimbi isingawanzo. Nei iri iyo simbi imwe chete inoita kuti vamwe vanyanye kuyananisa - kuramba kupfuura iwe? Ko iwo iwo iwo mwero mwero wechiChinakarava unoshamisira kuti vamwe vanonyanya kusimba uye vaine precise kupfuura iwe? Iyo zvakare ichava imwe yekristaro iyo vamwe vanogona kusvika pakupisa kwakanyanya kwe1650 ° C? Nei girazi remumwe munhu riine index yakanyanya kuderera? Nei Toyota kuzadzisa iyo yepasi rose yemotokari yekunyanyisa kugona kwe14%? Izvi zvese zvinoenderana nekushandiswa kwesimbi isingawanzo.
Risingawanzo nyika simbi, anozivikanwawo sezvinhu zvisingawanzo zvepasi pano, izita rekudyidzana kwezvinhu 17 zveScandium, ytrium, uye Lannade Series muPeriod Tafura Iiib Group, inowanzove yakanyorerwa na r kana re. Scandium neYttrium inoonekwa zvisingawanzo kuitika pasi zvinhu nekuti ivo vanowanzogara neLanthanide zvinhu muMineral deposits uye vane zvakafanana makemikari zvivakwa.
Kusiyana nezita rayo rinoreva, huwandu hwezvinhu zvisingawanzo kuitika (kusasanganisa prusthium) mukukwirisa zvakakwirira, necerium yakawandisa yezvinhu zvisingaite, Nekudaro, nekuda kwezvinhu zvayo zve geochemical zvivakwa, zvisingawanzo kuitika zvinhu hazviwanzo kufumurwa kusvika padanho rehupfumi. Iro zita rezvinhu zvisingawanzo kuitika pasi rinobva mukushomeka kwavo. Chekutanga Chiverengero Chishoma Kuwanikwa nevanhu Silicon Berylium Yttrium Yttrium Yttrium Yhotospium Ore Inobviswa Kubva Mumusha weIterbi, Sweden, uko mazita mazhinji epasi anobva.
Mazita avo uye makemikari zviratidzoSc, y, la, ce, nr, nd, pm, sm, eu, gd, tb, dy, tm, tm, yb, yb, uye LB, uye LU. Nhamba dzadzo dzeAtomu ndedzekuti 21 (sc), 39 (y), 57 (LA) kusvika 71 (LU).
Iyo yekuwana nhoroondo yezvinhu zvisingawanzo kuitika zvepasi
Muna 1787, Swedish Ca Arrhenius akawana pasi risingawanzo rare pasi simbi dema ore muguta diki reYtterby pedyo neStockholm. Muna 1794, Finnish J. Gadolin akasarurana chinhu chitsva kubva pazviri. Makore matatu gare gare (1797), Sweden ag Ekeberg akasimbisa izvi kuwanikwa uye anonzi iyo itsva most yttria (yttrium pasi) mushure mekunge yawanikwa. Gare gare, mukuyeuka kweGadolini, iyi mhando yeOre yakanzi Gadolinite. Muna 1803, makemikisiti echiGerman MH KLapuroti, Sweden Jj Beryelius, uye W. Hufer akawana chinhu chitsva - Ceria - kubva pane ore (cerium siltel ore). Muna 1839, iyo Swede CG Mosander yakawana Lanthanamu. Muna 1843, musander akawana terbium uye erbium zvakare. Muna 1878, Swiss Marinac akawana ytterbium. Muna 1879, maFrench akawanikwa Samarium, Sweden yakawanikwa holmium uye temberi, uye iyo Sweden yakawanikwa scandium. Muna 1880, Swiss Marinac akawana Gadolinium. Muna 1885, Austrian A. von Wels Bach akawanikwa praseodymium uye neodymium. Muna 1886, Bouvabadrand akawana diysprosium. Muna 1901, murume wechiFrench Ea demarcay akawana Eururitium. Muna 1907, murume wechiFrench G. Urban akawana lutetium. Muna 1947, maAmerican akadai saJa Marinsky akawanikwa prethium kubva kuRaria Fission zvigadzirwa. Zvakatora makore anopfuura zana nemashanu kubva mukuparadzaniswa kweYttrium Pasi neGadolin muna 1794 kusvika kugadzirwa kwePrethium muna 1947.
Kushandiswa kwechinhu chisingawanzo kuitika pasi
Zvisingawanzo zvepasi zvinhuvanozivikanwa se "mavhesi maindasitiri" uye vane zvinhu zvakanakisa, uye zvemagetsi, zvichiridza basa rakakura mukuvandudza maitiro, kuwedzera zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro, uye kuvandudza kushanda kwechigadzirwa. Nekuda kwekuita kwayo kukuru uye yakadzika madhiri, zvisingaderedzwe epasi pano zvave chinhu chakakosha mukuvandudza chigadzirwa chimiro, kuwedzera tekinoroji zvemamiriro ezvinhu, uye kusimudzira kufambira mberi kweshumiro. Ivo vakave vachishandiswa zvakanyanya mumapoka akadai se metallurgy, mauto, petrochemical, cereracs ceramics, kurima, uye zvinhu zvitsva.
MaDimbical Indasitiri
Rare pasiyakaiswa mumunda wesimbi wemasimbi kwemakore anopfuura makumi matatu, uye yakaumba matekinoroji akura uye maitiro. Kushandiswa kwevanogara pasi pasimbi uye kusiri-kusiri-simbi simbi yakakura uye isina-yakafara-yakaenzana netarisiro yakakura. Kuwedzera kwepasi simbi, fluorides, uye silorides, uye silicides kuti simbi inogona kuita basa mukunatswa, kushungurudzika, kusarerekera kwakadzika kwekunyungudza kuchenesa, uye kuvandudza mashandiro ekugadzirisa; Rare Pasi Silicon Iron Alloy uye Rare Pasi Silicon Magnesium Alloy anoshandiswa seVamiririri vevamiriri vashoma vashoma. Nekuda kwekukodzera kwavo kwakakosha kwekubereka zvakaoma simbi zvidimbu zvesimbi nezvinodiwa nesimbi zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira maindasitiri ekugadzira mauto akaita semotokari, maturakiti, uye mainjini yedhiraivha; Kuwedzera nyika simbi kune vasiri-ferusum alloys senge magnesi (Aluminium, zinc, uye nickel inogona kuvandudza zvivakwa zvemuviri uye zvemakemikari zvekushambadzira kwemakamuri uye nekuwedzera tembiricha uye yakakwirira-tembiricha manhamba.
Mauto emunda
Nekuda kwezvakawanda zvakanakisa zvemagetsi zvakadai sepikicha Naizvozvo, zvinozivikanwa se "goridhe reindasitiri". Chekutanga, kuwedzera kwevanhu vepasi pasi kunogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kuita kwesimbi, maGouminium Alloys, uye titanium alloys anoshandiswa mukugadzira matangi, ndege, uye zvombo. Uyezve, nyika isingawanzo inogona kushandiswawo se lubricants yekunyora zvizhinji zvekunyomba zvakadai semagetsi, lasers, indasitiri yenyukireya, uye superconductivity. Kana kamwechete tekinoroji yepasi rinoshandiswa muchiuto, zvichaunza zvisingadzivisiki nezvekusvetuka mune tekinoroji yemauto. Mune imwe pfungwa, kudzora kwakanyanya kwehondo yeUS muhondo dzinoverengeka dzemunharaunda mushure mehondo inotonhora, pamwe nekugona kuuraya vavengi, matekinoroji haangagoneke, senge superman.
Petrochemical indasitiri
Zvisingawanzo kuitika zvepasi zvinogona kushandiswa kuita zvinyoronyoro zvinokonzeresa muindasitiri yepeturu, nezvakanakira kuita sechiitiko chakakwirira, kusarudza kwakanaka, uye kuramba kwakasimba kune chepfu simbi. Naizvozvo, ivo vakatsiva aluminium silteca catalystts for petroleum catalytic cracking maitiro; Mukutonga kwekugadzirwa kweiyo synthetic Ammonia, huwandu hushoma hwenyika nitrate rinoshandiswa sekonocatalyst, uye nguva yegasi yakakura pane iyo 1.5 kakakura kupfuura iyo yeiyo nickel aluminium atalyst; Mukuita kwekushongedza Cis-1,4-polybutadiene rabber uye istoprene rabha, iyo yakawanikwa uchishandisa chaiyo yekuita trively Composite LART ELPELIDS inogona zvakare kushandiswa seCATYSTS yekunatsa gasi rinobva mumamiriro ekunze, uye cerium naphtenate inogona zvakare kushandiswa seyependi yekunyorovesa mumiririri.
Girazi-ceramic
Iko kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvisingawanzo zvepasi zvegirazi uye ceramic indasitiri yakawedzera paavhareji ye258, inosvika chete yegirazi zvinhu zvechinyakare zvisiri zvechinyakare zveyunivhesiti uye nehupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Rare Pasi Pasi OLIDLESS kana kugadziriswa nyika inowanzo shanda zvakanyanya sekuputika kwePody yegirazi, mufananidzo materu, oscilloscope tubes, girazi remafuta, girazi remafuta, uye netaipi yesimbi; Mukuita kwekunyungudika girazi, cerium dioxide inogona kushandiswa kuve neine yakasimba oxidation mhedzisiro pesimbi, ichidzora zvirimo muGirazi uye kuzadzisa chinangwa chekubvisa ruvara rwegirini kubva mugirazi; Kuwedzera zvisingawanzo nyika. Kuwedzera zvinhu zvisingawanzo kuitika kune ceramic uye porcelain glazes inogona kuderedza kupatsanurana kweglazes uye kugadzira zvigadzirwa zviripo mavara akasiyana uye glosseses, kuita kuti vashandiswe zvakanyanya muCeramic indasitiri.
Kurima
Mhedzisiro yekutsvagira inoratidza kuti zvinhu zvisingawanzo kuitika zvinogona kuwedzera iyo chilorophyll yezvirimwa, kusimudzira Photosynthesis, kusimudzira kukura kwemidzi, uye kuwedzera hutano hwekutora nemidzi. Zvinhu zvisingawanzo kuitika zvepasi zvinogona zvakare kusimudzira kumhara kwembeu, vanowedzera chiyero chechiMehure, uye chengetedza kukura kwemhemberero. Pamusoro pemabasa makuru ataurwa pamusoro apa, zvinewowo kugona kusimudzira kurwisa chirwere, kuramba kuchitonhora, uye kusiya kusiya zvimwe zvirimwa. Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakaratidzawo kuti kushandiswa kwekushandiswa kwakakodzera kwezvisingawanzo kuitika kunogona kusimudzira kushandurwa, shanduko, uye kushandisa zvinovaka muviri nezvirimwa. Sprayling zvisingawanzo kuitika zvinhu zvinogona kuwedzera VC zvemukati, uye shuga yemukati, uye shuga acid ratio yeApple uye michero michero, ichikurudzira michero yekupenda uye kutanga kuibva. Uye inogona kudzvinyirira yekufema kusimba panguva yekuchengetedza uye kuderedza kuora.
Nyowani yemidziyo
Rare Pasi Pasi Neodymium Iron Bigon Zvekusingaperi Magnet Zvekuita, nekukwikwidzana kwakanyanya, uye yakakwirira mashandiro emaindasitiri uye ekutyaira emhepo uye akakodzera mhepo turbines (yakanyanya kukodzera kugadzirwa kwemagetsi mashopu); Garnet Type Errite Crestals imwe chete uye polycryststs yakaumbwa nemusanganiswa wekusanganiswa kwepasi rakachena nyika uye Ferric oxides inogona kushandiswa mune microwave uye maindasitiri yemagetsi; Yttrium Aluminium Garnet uye neOdymium Girazi yakagadzirwa neyakawandisa neodymium oxide inogona kushandiswa seyakasimba laver. Zvisingawanzo nyika Hexaborides inogona kushandiswa seCathode zvigadzirwa zveEleka elektron kusimuka; Lanthanum MELICL META chimwe ichangobva kugadzirwa hydrogen Chekuchengetedza zvinyorwa muma1970s; Lanthanamu chromate ndeye yakakwirira-tembiricha armemolectric zvinyorwa; Parizvino, nyika dzakatenderedza nyika dzakagadzira zvekusakura zvekusimudzira zvinhu nekushandisa nzombe dzekattrium dzokororo, dzinogona kuwana mashura exgenic Mukuwedzera, zvisingawanzo zvaradzivisi zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvinyorwa zvakareruka senge madhiri ezvipfuyo Mukurima, kushandisa trace huwandu hwevanhu pasi pevhu nerrate kumarimwa emunda kunogona kuwedzera goho ravo ne5-10%; Mune indasitiri yechiedza yemidhinari, yakaoma pasi rePasi Pasi rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukutsvaira furoni, kudzvanywa, mvere dzemvere, uye kurira kapeti; Zvisingawanzo kuitika zvepasi zvinogona kushandiswa mune emagetsi catalytic vashanduri kushandura makuru pllutants mune isiri-ine muchetura makomputa mukati meinjini.
Zvimwe Zvikumbiro
Zvinhu zvisingawanzo zvaishandiswawo kune dzakasiyana siyana zvigadzirwa zveDhijitari, kusanganisira audiovisual, kutakura mifananidzo, uye kusanganisa zvinodiwa zvikuru, nekukurumidza, nguva yakareba, uye kuchengetedza kwesimba. Panguva imwecheteyo, yakaiswawo kune dzakawanda minda senge yakasvibira simba, hutano, kucheneswa kwemvura, uye kufambisa.
Kutumira Nguva: Aug-16-2023