Rare earth catalytic materials

Izwi rekuti 'catalyst' rave richishandiswa kubva kutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 19, asi rave richizivikanwa zvakanyanya kwemakore anoda kusvika makumi matatu, zvichibvira kuma1970 apo kusvibiswa kwemhepo nezvimwe zvinhu zvakava dambudziko.Izvi zvisati zvaitika, yakaita basa rinokosha zvikuru mukadzika kwemiti yemakemikari iyo vanhu vaisagona kuona, chinyararire asi ichienderera kwemakumi emakore.Iyo imbiru huru yeindasitiri yemakemikari, uye nekuwanikwa kwezvitsva zvinokonzeresa, indasitiri yemakemikari yakakura haisati yabudirira kusvika iyo indasitiri yezvinhu zvine hukama.Semuenzaniso, kuwanikwa uye kushandiswa kwesimbi zvinokonzeresa zvakateya hwaro hweindasitiri yemakemikari yemazuva ano, ukuwo kuwanikwa kwetitanium based catalysts kwakagadzira nzira yepetrochemical uye polymer synthesis industries.Kutaura zvazviri, kushandiswa kwepakutanga-tanga kwezvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki zvepasi kwakatangawo nezvinokonzeresa.Muna 1885, Austrian CAV Welsbach akaisa nitric acid mhinduro ine 99% ThO2 uye 1% CeO2 paasbestos kugadzira catalyst, iyo yakashandiswa mukugadzira indasitiri yemarambi emhepo.

Gare gare, nekuvandudzwa kweindasitiri tekinoroji uye nekudzika kwetsvakiridzo parare earths, zvakaonekwa kuti nekuda kweiyo yakanaka synergistic mhedzisiro pakati pepasi isingawanzo uye zvimwe simbi inokonzeresa zvikamu, zvisingawanzo pasi catalytic zvinhu zvakaitwa kubva mazviri hazvisi chete zvakanaka catalytic performance, asiwo zvine yakanaka anti chepfu kuita uye kugadzikana kwakanyanya.Izvo zvakanyanya kuwanda muzviwanikwa, zvakachipa mumutengo, uye zvakanyanya kugadzikana mukushanda kupfuura simbi dzinokosha, uye vava simba idzva mumunda wecatalytic.Parizvino, zvisingaite zvepasi zvinokonzeresa zvave zvichishandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana senge petroleum kupaza, indasitiri yemakemikari, kucheneswa kwemagetsi emhepo, uye gasi rechisikigo rinokonzeresa kupisa.Kushandiswa kwepasi risingawanikwe mumunda wezvinhu zvinokonzeresa kunopa chikamu chikuru.United States inoshandisa chikamu chikuru chepasi risingawanzo mu catalysis, uye China zvakare inodya yakawanda munzvimbo iyi.

Rare Earth catalytic zvinhu zvinoramba zvichishandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yechinyakare senge peturu nemakemikari engineering.Nekuvandudzwa kweruzivo rwemhoteredzo yenyika, kunyanya nekusvika kweBeijing 2008 Olympics neShanghai 2010 World Expo, kudiwa uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvisingawanzo kusimudzira zvepasi mukuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, senge kucheneswa kwemhepo yemotokari, gasi rechisikigo rinokonzeresa kupisa, mafuta eindasitiri yekubika. kucheneswa kweutsi, kuchenesa gasi remaindasitiri, uye kubviswa kwegasi rinoputika remarara, kuchawedzera zvakanyanya.