Nanotechnology wani fanni ne na tsaka-tsaki mai tasowa wanda a hankali ya haɓaka a ƙarshen 1980s da farkon 1990s.Saboda babbar damarsa don ƙirƙirar sabbin hanyoyin samarwa, kayayyaki, da kayayyaki, zai haifar da sabon juyin juya halin masana'antu a cikin sabon ƙarni.Matsayin ci gaban nanoscience da nanotechnology yana kama da na kwamfuta da fasahar bayanai a cikin 1950s.Yawancin masana kimiyya sun himmatu ga wannan filin suna tsammanin haɓakar fasahar nanotechnology zai yi tasiri mai fa'ida da tasiri a fannonin fasaha da yawa.Masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa yana da kaddarorin ban mamaki da kaddarorin musamman, da kuma babban tasirin iyakancewa waɗanda ke haifar da abubuwan ban mamaki na nano.kasa kasakayan sun haɗa da takamaiman tasirin ƙasa, ƙaramin girman tasirin, tasirin dubawa, tasirin nuna gaskiya, tasirin tunneling, da tasirin jimla macroscopic.Wadannan tasirin suna sanya kaddarorin jiki na tsarin nano ya bambanta da kayan yau da kullun, kamar haske, wutar lantarki, zafi, da maganadisu, yana haifar da fasalulluka da yawa.Akwai manyan kwatance guda uku don masana kimiyya na gaba don bincike da haɓaka nanotechnology: shiri da aikace-aikacen nanomaterials masu girma;Zane da shirya daban-daban nano na'urorin da kayan aiki;Gano kuma bincika kaddarorin yankunan nano.A halin yanzu, akwai galibin wasu kwatancen aikace-aikacen nanokasa kasas, da kuma amfanin gaba na nanokasa rarebukatar a kara bunkasa.
Nano lanthanum oxideAna amfani da kayan aikin piezoelectric, kayan lantarki na lantarki, kayan thermoelectric, kayan magnetoresistive, kayan luminescent (blue foda) kayan ajiya na hydrogen, gilashin gani, kayan laser, kayan gami daban-daban, masu haɓakawa don shirya samfuran sinadarai na halitta, da masu haɓakawa don neutralizing shayewar mota.Hakanan ana amfani da fina-finan noma masu haskenano lanthanum oxide.
Babban amfani nanano ceriyasun hada da: 1. A matsayin ƙari na gilashi,nano ceriyazai iya sha ultraviolet da infrared haskoki kuma an yi amfani da gilashin mota.Ba wai kawai zai iya hana hasken ultraviolet ba, har ma yana iya rage zafin da ke cikin motar, ta yadda zai adana wutar lantarki don sanyaya iska.2. Aikace-aikacennano cerium oxidea cikin abubuwan tsarkakewa na hayaki na motoci na iya hana fitar da iskar gas mai yawa ta yadda ya kamata.3.Nano cerium oxideza a iya amfani da pigments zuwa robobi masu launi kuma za a iya amfani da su a masana'antu irin su sutura, tawada, da takarda.4. Aikace-aikacennano ceriyaa cikin kayan polishing an san ko'ina a matsayin babban madaidaicin buƙatu don polishing wafers silicon da sapphire guda crystal substrates.5. Bugu da kari,nano ceriyakuma za a iya amfani da hydrogen ajiya kayan, thermoelectric kayan,nano ceriyatungsten lantarki, yumbu capacitors, piezoelectric yumbu,nano ceriya siliki carbideabrasives, man fetur albarkatun kasa, man fetur catalysts, wasu m maganadisu kayan, daban-daban gami karfe, da kuma wadanda ba na ƙarfe karafa.
NanometerPraseodymium Oxide (Farashin 6O11)
Babban amfani nanano praseodymium oxidesun hada da: 1. Ana amfani da shi sosai wajen gina yumbu da yumbu na yau da kullun.Ana iya haɗe shi da yumbu glaze don yin launi mai launi, ko kuma ana iya amfani da shi azaman launin ruwan kasa kawai.Alamun da aka samar shine rawaya mai haske, tare da sautin launi mai tsabta da kyan gani.2. An yi amfani da shi don masana'anta na dindindin, ana amfani da su sosai a cikin na'urorin lantarki daban-daban da injina.3. An yi amfani da shi don fashewar catalytic petroleum, zai iya inganta aikin catalytic, selectivity, da kwanciyar hankali.4.Nano praseodymium oxideHakanan za'a iya amfani dashi don goge goge.Bugu da ƙari, yin amfani danano praseodymium oxidea fagen fiber na gani kuma yana ƙara yaɗuwa.
Nanometer neodymium oxide (Nd2O3)
Nanometer neodymium oxidekashi ya zama batu mai zafi na hankalin kasuwa tsawon shekaru da yawa saboda matsayi na musamman a cikinkasa kasafilin.Nanometer neodymium oxideAna kuma shafa kayan ƙarfe maras ƙarfe.Ƙara 1.5% zuwa 2.5%nano neodymium oxidezuwa magnesium ko aluminum alloys na iya inganta yanayin zafi mai zafi, rashin iska, da juriya na lalata, kuma ana amfani dashi a matsayin kayan aikin sararin samaniya.Bugu da kari, nano yttrium aluminum garnet doped tare danano neodymium oxidee yana haifar da gajeren katako na laser, wanda aka yi amfani dashi sosai a masana'antu don waldawa da yanke kayan bakin ciki tare da kauri na kasa da 10mm.A cikin aikin likita, nanoaluminum yttriumgarnet Laser doped tare danano neodymium oxideana amfani da su maimakon wukake na tiyata don cire raunukan tiyata ko kashe raunuka.Nano neodymium oxideHakanan ana amfani dashi don canza launin gilashi da kayan yumbu, da samfuran roba da ƙari.
Babban amfani nananoscale samarium oxidesun haɗa da launin rawaya mai haske, wanda ake amfani dashi a cikin capacitors na yumbura da masu kara kuzari.Bugu da kari,nano samarium oxideHar ila yau yana da kaddarorin nukiliya kuma ana iya amfani da shi azaman kayan tsari, kayan kariya, da kayan sarrafawa don masu sarrafa atomic, yana ba da damar amintaccen amfani da babban makamashin da ake samarwa ta hanyar fission na nukiliya.
Nanoscaleeuropium oxide (Farashin 2O3)
Nanoscale europium oxideyawanci ana amfani dashi a cikin foda mai kyalli.Ana amfani da Eu3+ azaman mai kunnawa don jan phosphor, kuma Eu2+ ana amfani dashi don shuɗi phosphor.A zamanin yau, Y0O3: Eu3+ shine mafi kyawun phosphor don ingantaccen haske, kwanciyar hankali da dawo da farashi.Bugu da ƙari, tare da haɓakawa a cikin fasaha kamar inganta ingantaccen haske da bambanci, ana amfani da shi sosai.Kwanan nan,nano europium oxidean kuma yi amfani da shi azaman ƙara kuzari phosphor a cikin sabbin hanyoyin gano magunguna na X-ray.Hakanan za'a iya amfani da Nano europium oxide don ƙera ruwan tabarau masu launi da masu tacewa, don na'urorin ajiyar kumfa na maganadisu, da kuma cikin kayan sarrafawa, kayan kariya, da kayan tsarin injin injin atomatik.Kyakkyawan barbashi gadolinium europium oxide (Y2O3Eu3+) ja mai kyalli foda an shirya ta amfani danano yttrium oxide (Y2O3) kumanano europium oxide (Farashin 2O3) a matsayin albarkatun kasa.Lokacin shiryawakasa kasatricolor fluorescent foda, an gano cewa: (a) yana iya haɗuwa da kyau tare da koren foda da shuɗi;(b) Kyakkyawan aikin shafa;(c) Saboda ƙananan ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta tana ƙaruwa, wanda zai iya rage yawan adadin ja.kasa kasatricolor phosphor, yana haifar da raguwar farashi.
Babban amfaninsa sun haɗa da: 1. Rukunin paramagnetic mai narkewar ruwa na iya haɓaka siginar maganadisu (NMR) na jikin ɗan adam a aikace-aikacen likita.2. Base sulfur oxides za a iya amfani da matsayin matrix grids ga musamman haske oscilloscope tubes da X-ray fluorescence fuska.3. Thenano gadolinium oxide in nano gadolinium oxidegallium garnet shine manufa guda ɗaya don ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ta maganadisu.4. Lokacin da babu ƙayyadaddun sake zagayowar Camot, ana iya amfani da shi azaman matsakaicin sanyi mai ƙarfi-jihar.5. An yi amfani da shi azaman mai hanawa don sarrafa matakin amsawar sarkar makamashin nukiliya don tabbatar da amincin halayen nukiliya.Bugu da ƙari, yin amfani danano gadolinium oxideda nano lanthanum oxide tare yana taimakawa wajen canza canjin gilashin gilashin da kuma inganta yanayin zafi na gilashin.Nano gadolinium oxideHakanan za'a iya amfani dashi don masana'anta capacitors da X-ray na ƙarfafa fuska.A halin yanzu ana ƙoƙarin yin ƙoƙari don haɓaka aikace-aikacennano gadolinium oxideda alluran sa a cikin kwantar da hankali, kuma an sami ci gaba.
Nanometerterbium oxide (Tb4O7)
Babban wuraren aikace-aikacen sun haɗa da: 1. Fluorescent foda ana amfani dashi azaman mai kunnawa don foda kore a cikin foda masu launin fari guda uku, irin su phosphate matrix kunna tanano terbium oxide, silicate matrix kunna tanano terbium oxide, da nano cerium magnesium aluminate matrix kunna tanano terbium oxide, duk suna fitar da koren haske a cikin yanayin farin ciki.2. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an gudanar da bincike da ci gaba a kannano terbium oxidetushen magneto-na gani kayan don magneto-Optical ajiya.Faifan magneto-optical da aka haɓaka ta amfani da Tb-Fe amorphous fim ɗin bakin ciki azaman ɓangaren ajiyar kwamfuta na iya ƙara ƙarfin ajiya da sau 10-15.3. Magneto na gani gilashin, Faraday rotatory gilashin dauke danano terbium oxide, wani mahimmin abu ne da aka yi amfani da shi wajen kera rotators, masu ware, da ringers da ake amfani da su sosai a fasahar Laser.Nano terbium oxideda nano dysprosium iron oxide an fi amfani da su a cikin sonar kuma an yi amfani da su sosai a fagage daban-daban, daga tsarin allurar mai, sarrafa bawul ɗin ruwa, matsayar micro zuwa masu sarrafa injin, hanyoyin, da masu sarrafa reshe don jiragen sama da na'urorin hangen nesa.
Nano dysprosium oxide (Farashin 2O3)
Babban amfani nanano dysprosium oxide (Farashin 2O3) nano dysprosium oxidesu: 1.Nano dysprosium oxideana amfani dashi azaman mai kunnawa foda mai kyalli, da trivalentnano dysprosium oxideion ne mai ban sha'awa na kunnawa don cibiyar haske guda uku kayan haske mai launi na farko.Ya ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i guda biyu na hayaki, ɗaya yana fitar da hasken rawaya, ɗayan kuma shuɗi mai haske.The luminescent abu doped tare danano dysprosium oxideza a iya amfani da a matsayin uku primary launi mai kyalli foda.2.Nano dysprosium oxideshi ne zama dole karfe albarkatun kasa shirya manyan magnetostrictive gaminano terbium oxidenano dysprosium iron oxide (Terfenol) gami, wanda zai iya ba da damar wasu takamaiman motsi na inji.3.Nano dysprosium oxidekarfe za a iya amfani da a matsayin magneto-Optical ajiya abu tare da babban rikodi gudun da kuma karanta hankali.4. An yi amfani da shi don shirye-shiryennano dysprosium oxidefitilu, kayan aiki da ake amfani da su a cikinano dysprosium oxidefitilu nenano dysprosium oxide.Irin wannan fitilun yana da fa'idodi kamar babban haske, launi mai kyau, babban zafin launi, ƙaramin girman, da tsayayyen baka.An yi amfani da shi azaman tushen haske don fina-finai, bugu, da sauran aikace-aikacen haske.5. Saboda babban neutron kama giciye-section yanki nanano dysprosium oxide, Ana amfani da shi a cikin masana'antar makamashin atomic don auna nau'in nau'in nau'in neutron ko a matsayin abin sha.
Babban amfani nanano holium oxidehada da: 1. a matsayin ƙari ga karfe halide fitilu.Fitillun halide na ƙarfe nau'in fitila ne na fitar da iskar gas da aka haɓaka bisa tushen fitilun mercury masu matsananciyar matsa lamba, wanda ke bayyana ta hanyar cika kwan fitila da iri-iri.kasa kasahalides.A halin yanzu, babban amfani shinekasa kasaiodide, wanda ke fitar da launuka daban-daban a lokacin fitar da iskar gas.Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin kayan aikinano holium oxidefitilar iodizednano holium oxide, wanda zai iya cimma babban taro na atom na karfe a cikin yankin arc, yana inganta haɓakar radiation sosai.2.Nano holium oxideza a iya amfani dashi azaman ƙari ga ƙarfe na yttrium koaluminum yttriumgarnet;3.Nano holium oxideana iya amfani da shi azaman yttrium iron aluminum garnet (Ho: YAG) don fitar da 2 μ M laser, nama na mutum akan 2 μ Yawan sha na laser m yana da girma, kusan umarni uku na girma fiye da na Hd: YAG0.Don haka lokacin amfani da Ho: YAG Laser don aikin tiyata na likita, ba wai kawai za a iya inganta ingantaccen aikin tiyata da daidaito ba, har ma ana iya rage yankin lalacewar thermal zuwa ƙaramin girma.The free katako samar tanano holium oxidelu'ulu'u na iya kawar da mai ba tare da samar da zafi mai yawa ba, don haka rage lalacewar thermal ga kyallen takarda masu lafiya.An bayyana cewa amfani danano holium oxideLaser a Amurka don magance glaucoma na iya rage radadin marasa lafiya da ake yi wa tiyata.4. A cikin magnetostrictive gami Terfenol D, ƙananan adadinnano holium oxideHakanan za'a iya ƙarawa don rage filin waje da ake buƙata don jikewa magnetization na gami.5. Bugu da ƙari, na'urorin sadarwa na gani kamar fiber lasers, fiber amplifiers, da fiber firikwensin za a iya yin amfani da zaruruwa doped tare da.nano holium oxide, wanda zai taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin saurin ci gaban sadarwar fiber optic a yau.
Babban amfani nanano erbium oxidesun hada da: 1. Hasken haske na Er3 + a 1550nm yana da mahimmanci na musamman, saboda wannan tsayin daka yana daidai a cikin mafi ƙarancin asarar fiber optic a cikin sadarwar fiber optic.Bayan farin ciki da haske a tsawon 980nm1480nm,nano erbium oxideions (Er3+) canzawa daga ƙasa ƙasa 4115/2 zuwa babban makamashi jihar 4113/2, da kuma fitar da 1550nm zangon haske lokacin da Er3 + a cikin high-makamashi jihar canzawa zuwa ƙasa jihar, Quartz Tantancewar fibers iya watsa daban-daban raƙuman ruwa na haske. , amma ƙimar attenuation na gani ya bambanta.Matsakaicin mitar haske na 1550nm yana da mafi ƙanƙanta ƙimar attenuation na gani (0.15 decibels a kowace kilomita) a cikin watsa filaye na gani na quartz, wanda shine kusan ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙima.Don haka, lokacin da ake amfani da sadarwar fiber optic azaman hasken sigina a 1550nm, ana rage asarar hasken.Ta wannan hanyar, idan an dace taro nanano erbium oxidean doped a cikin matrix da ya dace, amplifier na iya rama asarar a cikin tsarin sadarwa bisa ka'idar laser.Don haka, a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar sadarwa waɗanda ke buƙatar haɓaka siginar gani na 1550nm,nano erbium oxideDoped fiber amplifiers sune mahimman na'urorin gani.A halin yanzu,nano erbium oxideAn yi ciniki da silica fiber amplifiers doped.A cewar rahotanni, don guje wa sha mara amfani, adadin abubuwan kara kuzari na nano erbium oxide a cikin filaye na gani ya tashi daga dubun zuwa daruruwan ppm.Haɓakawa da sauri na sadarwar fiber optic zai buɗe sabbin filayen don aikace-aikacennano erbium oxide.2. Bugu da ƙari, lu'ulu'u na laser doped tare danano erbium oxideda fitarwar su 1730nm da 1550nm lasers suna da lafiya ga idanun ɗan adam, tare da kyakkyawan aikin watsa yanayi, ƙarfin shigar da hayaƙi na fagen fama, sirrin sirri mai kyau, kuma abokan gaba ba sa iya gane su.Bambance-bambancen hasken wuta a kan makasudin sojoji yana da girma, kuma an ƙera na'urar ganowa ta Laser mai ɗaukar hoto don lafiyar idon ɗan adam don amfani da sojoji.3. Ana iya ƙara Er3 + zuwa gilashi don yinkasa kasagilashin Laser kayan, wanda a halin yanzu shi ne m-jihar Laser abu tare da mafi girma fitarwa bugun jini makamashi da fitarwa ikon.4. Er3 + kuma za a iya amfani da matsayin kunnawa ion ga rare duniya upconversion Laser kayan.5. Bugu da kari,nano erbium oxideHakanan za'a iya amfani dashi don lalata launi da canza launin ruwan tabarau na gilashin ido da gilashin crystalline.
Nanometer yttrium oxide (Y2O3)
Babban amfani nanano yttrium oxidesun hada da: 1. Additives don karfe da kuma wadanda ba na ƙarfe ba.Alloys FeCr yawanci sun ƙunshi 0.5% zuwa 4%nano yttrium oxide, wanda zai iya bunkasa juriya na iskar shaka da ductility na wadannan bakin karfe;Bayan ƙara adadin da ya dace na mai arzikinano yttrium oxidegaurayekasa kasazuwa MB26 alloy, aikin gabaɗaya na gami ya inganta sosai, kuma yana iya maye gurbin wasu matsakaicin ƙarfin aluminum gami don abubuwan ɗaukar kaya na jirgin sama;Ƙara ƙaramin adadin nano yttriumrare duniya oxidezuwa Al Zr gami na iya inganta haɓakar gami;Yawancin masana'antun waya na cikin gida sun karɓi wannan gami;Ƙaranano yttrium oxideto jan karfe gami inganta conductivity da inji ƙarfi.2. Ya ƙunshi 6%nano yttrium oxideda aluminum 2% silicon nitride yumbu abu za a iya amfani da su don haɓaka abubuwan injin.3. Yi amfani da 400 wattsnano neodymium oxidealuminum Garnet Laser katako don yin aikin injiniya kamar hakowa, yankan, da walda a kan manyan abubuwa.4. Allon microscope na lantarki wanda ya ƙunshi Y-Al garnet guda kristal wafers yana da babban haske mai haske, ƙananan ƙarancin haske mai tarwatsewa, kyakkyawan juriya ga babban zafin jiki da lalacewa na inji.5. babbanano yttrium oxidetsararrun gami mai ɗauke da har zuwa 90%nano gadolinium oxideana iya amfani da shi a cikin jirgin sama da sauran aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙarancin ƙarancin yawa da babban wurin narkewa.6. High zafin jiki proton gudanar kayan dauke da har zuwa 90%nano yttrium oxidesuna da matukar mahimmanci ga samar da ƙwayoyin mai, ƙwayoyin electrolytic, da abubuwan gano iskar gas waɗanda ke buƙatar babban solubility na hydrogen.Bugu da kari,nano yttrium oxideHakanan ana amfani dashi azaman kayan fesa mai zafi mai zafi, mai diluent don man atom, ƙari ga kayan maganadisu na dindindin, kuma azaman mai shiga cikin masana'antar lantarki.
Baya ga abin da ke sama, nanorare duniya oxidesHakanan za'a iya amfani dashi a cikin kayan sutura tare da lafiyar ɗan adam da aikin muhalli.Daga sashin bincike na yanzu, dukkansu suna da takamaiman jagora: juriya ga radiation ultraviolet;Gurbacewar iska da hasken ultraviolet suna da saurin kamuwa da cututtukan fata da ciwon daji;Hana gurɓacewar yanayi yana sa masu gurɓatawa su manne wa tufafi;Ana kuma ci gaba da gudanar da bincike a fannin sarrafa zafin jiki.Saboda taurin fata da sauƙin tsufa na fata, ya fi dacewa don yin gyare-gyare a ranakun damina.Shiga tare da nanokasa cerium oxide rarena iya sanya fata ta yi laushi, ba ta da saurin tsufa da ƙima, haka nan kuma tana jin daɗin sawa.Nanocoating kayan kuma sun kasance babban batu a cikin bincike na nanomaterial a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da babban mayar da hankali ga kayan aiki.Amurka tana amfani da 80nmY2O3a matsayin rufin garkuwar infrared, wanda ke da babban tasiri wajen nuna zafi.CeO2yana da babban ma'anar refractive da babban kwanciyar hankali.Yaushenano rare earth yttrium oxide, Nano lanthanum oxide danano cerium oxideana kara foda zuwa sutura, bangon waje na iya tsayayya da tsufa.Domin rufin bangon waje yana da saurin tsufa kuma yana faɗuwa saboda fentin da ake fallasa shi ga hasken ultraviolet na rana da dogon lokaci da iska da hasken rana, ƙari.cerium oxidekumayttrium oxideiya tsayayya da ultraviolet radiation, da kuma barbashi size ne sosai kananan.Nano cerium oxideana amfani da shi azaman ultraviolet absorber, Ana sa ran a yi amfani da shi don hana tsufa na samfuran filastik saboda radiation ultraviolet, da kuma UV tsufa na tankuna, motoci, jiragen ruwa, tankunan ajiyar mai, da dai sauransu, da kuma taka rawa. a waje manyan allunan talla
Mafi kyawun kariya shine rufin bangon ciki don hana ƙura, damshi, da gurɓatacce, saboda girman barbashinsa kaɗan ne, yana sa ƙura ta manne a bango kuma ana iya goge shi da ruwa.Har yanzu akwai amfani da yawa don nanorare duniya oxideswanda ke bukatar karin bincike da ci gaba, kuma muna fatan za a yi karin haske a gobe.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-03-2023