Menene Barium, menene aikace-aikacensa, da kuma yadda za a gwada kashi na sha'ir?

A duniyar sihiri na sunadarai,zaman jama'aKullum yana jawo hankalin masana kimiyya tare da fara'a na musamman da aikace-aikace mai girma. Kodayake wannan fararen ƙarfe-fararen baƙin ƙarfe ba na zinariya bane ko azurfa, yana taka rawa a cikin fannoni da yawa. Daga kan kayan aikin da ke cikin kayan bincike a cikin binciken kimiyya zuwa manyan kayan aiki a masana'antu da ke tattare da labarin sunadarai tare da kayan aikinta na musamman da kuma abubuwan da aka yi.

A farkon shekarun 1602, Cassio Lauro, tambari a cikin garin Italiya na Italiya na Italiya na Italiya, ya gasa da barbi sulhu tare da wani abu na yin haske a cikin duhu. Wannan gano tana da cikakkiyar sha'awa tsakanin malamai a lokacin, kuma aka mai suna Porra dutse kuma aka zama mai kula da bincike ta hanyar masana kimiyyar Turai.

Koyaya, shi ne Skiry Chemist Chemist wanda ya tabbatar da gaske cewa Barum wani sabon abu ne. Ya gano viniysi mai yawa a 1774 kuma ya kira shi "Byyta" (ƙasa mai yawa). Ya yi nazarin wannan abun cikin zurfin kuma ya yi imani da cewa an hada da sabuwar duniya (oxide) tare da sulfuric acid. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, ya samu nasarar mai da nitrate na wannan sabon ƙasa kuma ya sami ire-iren tsire-tsire na Ingila Davy samu nasarar samar da oxide da lantarki da lantarki da aka yi daga mashaya. Wannan gano alama ce ta hukuma ta baryi a matsayin kashi na ƙarfe, kuma ya bude wannan tafkin a cikin filaye daban-daban.

Tun daga wannan lokacin, ɗan adam sun ci gaba da zurfafa fahimi na cium. Masana kimiyya sun bincika asirin yanayi kuma sun inganta ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha ta hanyar yin nazarin kadarorin da halaye na bariyanci. Aikace-aikacen Barium a cikin binciken kimiyya, masana'antu, da filayen likitanci sun kara ƙara zama mai yawa, suna kawo dacewa da ta'aziyya da ta'aziyya ga rayuwar ɗan adam.

Thearinya na Lium kwance ba wai kawai a cikin aikin sa ba, har ma a cikin asirin kimiyya a bayan sa. Masana kimiyya sun ci gaba da bincika asirin halitta da kuma inganta ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha ta hanyar yin nazarin kadarorin da halaye na bariyanci. A lokaci guda, Barium ma yana taka rawa a rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun, tana kawo dacewa da ta'azantar da rayuwarmu. Bari mu shiga wannan tafarkin sihiri na bincike, wanda aka bayyana mayafin mashin, da godiya da fara'a musamman. A cikin labarin mai zuwa, za mu gabatar da cikakkun kadarori da aikace-aikace na barium, da kuma muhimmiyar rawa a cikin binciken kimiyya, masana'antu, da magani. Na yi imani da cewa ta karanta wannan labarin, zaku sami zurfin fahimta game da cium.

1. Aikace-aikacen Bafiyaum

Zaman jama'aabu ne na gama gari. Karfe ne mai siluwa wanda ya wanzu cikin yanayi a cikin ma'adanin ma'adanai. Wadannan suna amfani da wasu amfani na yau da kullun na a kullun.

Kona da haske: Baium wani ƙarfe mai saurin aiki ne wanda ke samar da harshen wuta yayin hulɗa da ammoniya ko oxygen. Wannan ya sa aka yi amfani da Barum a masana'antu kamar wuta, flares, da masana'antar phosphor.

Masana'antu na likita: ana amfani da mahaɗan barayen bariki a cikin masana'antar likita. Ana amfani da abinci abinci (kamar allunan bari) a cikin gwajin X-ray don taimakawa likitoci na cikin narkewa. Hakanan ana amfani da mahaɗan barai a cikin wasu hanyoyin kwastomomi na rediyo, irin su idine na rediyo na rediyo don lura da cutar thyroid.
Gilashin Glerics: galibi ana amfani da maharan bariyayya a cikin gilashin da masana'antar shuki saboda juriya na narkewarsu. Hukumar Bari Bari na iya haɓaka ta da ƙarfi da ƙarfin Brerorics kuma suna iya samar da wasu kaddarorin na musamman, kamar rufin lantarki da kuma informent da kuma innetan wutar lantarki. Alloy allolays: bari na iya samar da alloys tare da sauran abubuwan ƙarfe, kuma waɗannan allury suna da wasu kaddarorin musamman. Misali, allolin bariye na iya ƙara maki meling da allonum na allo, suna sauƙaƙa aiwatarwa da jefa. Bugu da kari, ana amfani da allurar Alloum da kadarorin magnetic don yin faranti da kayan kwarya da kayan magnetic.

Bariium wani yanki ne na sinadarai tare da alamar sinadarai Ba da Atomic lambar ƙarfe kuma yana cikin rukunin ƙarfe 6 na tebur na lokaci-lokaci, manyan abubuwan na zamani, manyan abubuwan na zamani, manyan abubuwan rukuni.
2. Properties na Uku
Bariium (BA) alkaline ƙasa kashi
1. Bayyanar: Barium ne mai taushi, ƙarfe na silvery-farin karfe tare da wani sabon ƙarfe luster lokacin yanke.
2. Kayayyaki: Barium yana da babban adadin har zuwa 3.5 g / cm³. Yana ɗayan karafan ƙwanƙwasa a duniya.
3. Melting da tafasa points: bariyanci yana da ma'anar kimanin 727 ° C da tafasasshen misalin kusan 1897 ° C.
4. Hardness: Barium shine karfe mai laushi mai laushi tare da mohs hardness na kusan 1.25 a 20 digiri Celsius.
5. A magana: Barum shugaba ne na wutar lantarki tare da babban aiki na lantarki.
6. Kullum: Kodayake Banga ne mai laushi, yana da takamaiman matakin bututun ciki kuma ana iya sarrafa shi zuwa zanen gado ko wayoyi.
7. Aikin sunadarai: Barium baya amsawa da karfi tare da yawancin ƙarfe ba shi da karafa da yawa a zazzabi a cikin yanayin zafi da iska. Zai iya samar da mahadi tare da abubuwa da yawa marasa ƙarfe, irin su etides, sulfed, da sauransu.
8. Ka'idar rayuwa: ma'adanai da ke dauke da Barium a cikin ɓawon burodi (kamar Bartate kuma iya wanzu a cikin hanyar hydrates, etc. Carbonate, da sauransu a yanayi.
9. Romawa da rediyo: Bari ke da nau'ikan kayan rediyo, a cikin wace yanayi na yau da kullun na rediyo ne da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin tunanin likita da aikace-aikacen likitanci.
10. Aikace-aikace: Ana amfani da mahaɗan barasa a masana'antu sosai a masana'antu, kamar gilashi, roba masana'antu, sau da yawa ana amfani da su sau da yawa azaman wakili a cikin binciken likita. Bariium muhimmiyar metallic kashi ne wanda kaddarorin sa ya yi amfani da shi sosai a fannoni.

3. Kayan sunadarai na barium
Abubuwan ƙarfe na ƙarfe: barium maƙiyi ne mai ƙarfi tare da bayyanar fenti-fararen fata da kyakkyawar aiki da lantarki.

Yawansu da Melting Points: Barii ne mai yawa mai yawa tare da yawan 3.51 g / cm3. Bariium yana da melting maki kimanin 727 digiri Celsius (digiri 1341 Fahrenshet).

Haɗin kai: Rarraba Lium yana da sauri tare da mafi yawan abubuwan ƙarfe, musamman tare da zane-zane da ƙwayoyin cuta), don samar da ƙwayoyin kuɗi masu dacewa. Misali, bariyata tana da muhalli don samar da chloride chloride.
Haske na oxidizility: Za a iya oxidized bari don samar da oxide. Ana amfani da oxide a masana'antu a cikin masana'antu kamar ƙarfe mai narkewa da masana'antun gilashi.
Babban aiki: Barum yana da aikin sunadarai da sauƙi yana aiki da ruwa don sakin hydrogen da kuma samar da hydroxide.

4. Kayan kwalliyar halittu na barum

Ba a fahimta da kayan aikin halittu na barium a cikin kwayoyin halitta ba, amma an san cewa Basium yana da wasu masu wahala zuwa kwayoyin cuta.

Abun haduwa: Mutane galibi suna da mafi girma a cikin abinci da ruwan sha. Wasu abinci na iya ƙunsar adadin barodi da yawa, kamar hatsi, nama, da kayayyakin kiwo. Bugu da kari, ruwan teku wani lokacin ya ƙunshi manyan taro na barum.
Ctionsiology sha da metabololism: ana iya ɗaukar bariyanci ta kwayoyin gaba kuma kwayoyin a jiki ta hanyar kewaya jini. Bahium ya tara a cikin kog kodan da kasusuwa, musamman a manyan taro a cikin kasusuwa.
Aikin na ilimin halitta: Ba a gano barum din ba don samun wasu ayyuka masu mahimmanci a cikin kwayoyin. Sabili da haka, aikin ilimin nazarin yanayi na ci ba matsala.

5. Kayan kwalliyar halittu na barum
Guba: Babban taro na barium ions ko mahadi bariyawar masu guba ne ga jikin mutum. Cika yawan rashin ci karoium na iya haifar da alamun guba, haɗe, gudawa, rauni na tsoka na iya haifar da lalacewar tsarin, lalacewar koda da matsalolin zuciya.
Yawan kashi: Barium na iya tarawa a cikin kasusuwa a jikin mutum, musamman a cikin tsofaffi. Fadakarwa na dogon lokaci zuwa babban taro na barium na iya haifar da cututtukan kashi kamar su overteoporososis.cardiliovascular, iya tsoma baki, da aikin lantarki, shafar aikin zuciya. Yawan hadaddiyar abinci na iya haifar da rashin lafiyar zuciya da haɓaka haɗarin ciwon zuciya.
Carcinnogeniity: Kodayake har yanzu akwai rigima game da carcinogenicity na Barium na dogon lokaci zuwa babban taro na wasu cututtukan daji na iya ƙara haɗarin wasu cadums na iya karuwa da hadarin wasu cututtukan daji na iya karuwa da hadarin wasu cututtukan daji na iya karuwa da hadarin wasu cututtukan daji, irin su cutar kansa da cutar kansa da cutar kansa da cutar kansa. Saboda rashin cancantar haɗari da haɗarin haɗari na Barium, mutane ya kamata su yi hankali don kauce wa ci gaba mai wuce gona da iri zuwa babban taro na barium. Ya kamata a kula da ci gaba a cikin ruwan sha da abinci da kuma sarrafa su don kare lafiyar ɗan adam. Idan kuna zargin guba ko kuma suna da alamu masu alaƙa da alamu, da fatan za a nemi magani nan da nan.

6. Barium a cikin yanayi

Ma'adin sha'ir: ana iya samun bari a cikin ɓoyayyen ƙasa a cikin ma'adanin ma'adanai. Wasu ma'adinai na yau da kullun sun haɗa da mashaya da witheri. Wadannan abubuwan tres ana samun su ne da wasu ma'adanai, kamar kai, zinc, da azurfa.

Narkar da a cikin ruwa da kankara: Za a iya samun bari a cikin ruwan kasa da duwatsu a cikin wani yanki. Ruwan ƙasa ya ƙunshi yawan adadin barium, kuma maida hankali ya dogara da yanayin asalin ƙasa da kaddarorin jikin mutum.

ALUIISLEL SALTS: CILIIS Can samar da salts daban, kamar muum chloride, barium nitbonate, da carbonate barbonate. Ana iya samun waɗannan mahadi a cikin yanayi a matsayin ma'adanai na halitta.

Abun ciki a cikin ƙasa: Za a iya samun baraki a cikin ƙasa ta fannoni daban-daban, wasu daga cikinsu sun fito ne daga abubuwan da ma'adinai na asali ko rushewar dutse. Muhalli ne gabaɗaya ne a cikin ƙananan taro a cikin ƙasa, amma na iya kasancewa a cikin manyan taro a wasu yankuna.

Ya kamata a lura cewa kasancewar bariyanci na iya bambanta a cikin mahalli na sirri da yankuna, don haka takamaiman yanayin ƙasa da yanayin yanayi suna buƙatar tattauna lokacin tattauna lokacin tattauna.

7. Mining mining da samarwa
A homa da shiri a na barum yawanci sun hada da wadannan matakai:
1. Mining na Lium ore: Babban ma'adinai na barum ere mashahite, kuma ana sani da barum sulfate. Yawancin lokaci ana samunsa a cikin ɓawon burodi a ƙasa kuma an rarraba shi a cikin dutse da adibsi a ƙasa. Mining yawanci ya ƙunshi birgewa, mining, murkushe da grading na ore don samun ore dauke da barium sulfate.
2. Shiri na maida hankali: A fitar da barium daga barum ere na bukatar maida hankali ne na ORE. Shawarewa yawanci ya haɗa da zaɓin hannun jari da matakai don cire ƙazanta da samun abin da ke ɗauke da fiye da 96% barium sulfate.
3. Shiri na Sallalar sulfate: an sanya mai da hankali an sanya shi ne don hawa kamar baƙin ƙarfe da silicon na ƙarshe don ƙarshe samun sulfate sulfate (Baso4).
4. Shiri na sulfde sulfide: domin samar da barium daga sulfate, yana da mahimmanci don sauya sulfate sulfide a cikin sulfate, wanda kuma aka sani da Black Ash. Barum sulfate ORE foda tare da girman ƙarancin ƙasa da tamanin yawanci ana hade da med ko petrooleum coke foda a cikin nauyi rabo na 4: 1. An dakatar da cakuda da karfe 1100 ℃ a cikin tanderun tanderata, kuma an rage baran sulfate zuwa sulfate a cikin barum.
5. Na'urar sulfide: za a iya samun maganin sulfate ta hanyar leaching ruwan zafi.
6. Shirya na barium oxide: domin don sauya cikin sulfde sulum iris, sodium carbonate ko yawanci ana yawanci kara a cikin yanayin sulfide. Bayan haɗawa da carbonate da carbon foda, ƙididdigar sama da sama da 800 ℃ na iya samar da oxide.
7. Ya sanyaya da sarrafawa: Ya kamata a lura cewa Bahium oxidizes a 500-700, da kuma barum peroxide na iya lalata to samar da bariide a 700-800 ℃. Don kauce wa samarwa na barum peroxide, samfurin calc da ake buƙatar a sanyaya ko ya ɗauki ƙarƙashin kariya ta iskar gas.

Abubuwan da ke sama shine ma'adanai na gaba ɗaya da kuma shiri na bariyanci. Wadannan hanyoyin na iya bambanta dangane da tsarin masana'antu da kayan aiki, amma ka'idodin gaba ɗaya ya kasance iri ɗaya ne. Bariium mahimmancin ƙarfe ne da aka yi amfani da shi a aikace-aikace iri-iri, gami da masana'antar sunadarai, magani, wutan lantarki, da sauransu.

8. Hanyoyi na yau da kullun don yanka
Bariium wani kashi ne na yau da kullun wanda aka saba amfani dashi a aikace-aikacen masana'antu da kimiyya. A cikin Cemistry na nazari, hanyoyin gano yawanci hada-hadar kuɗi yawanci sun haɗa da bincike mai inganci da bincike mai amfani. Mai zuwa cikakken bayani ne ga hanyoyin gano abubuwan da aka saba amfani dasu don barium:
1. Wutar wuta a wasan kwaikwayo na Atoman na Atoman (FAAS): Wannan hanyar bincike ne da aka saba amfani da shi wanda ya dace da samfurori masu girma. An yayyafa samfurin samfurin cikin harshen wuta, kuma kwayoyin zarra suna ɗaukar hasken takamaiman igiyar ruwa. Inarfin hasken da aka shayar an auna kuma yana da gwargwado ga maida hankali ne na barum.
2. Wutar flame atomic spectometry (Fies): Wannan hanyar tana gano yanayi ta hanyar feshin mafita a cikin harshen wuta, mai kayatarwa da zarra, don fitar da haske game da takamaiman matakin. Idan aka kwatanta da FAAS, an yi amfani da Faes gabaɗaya don gano ƙananan taro na barum.
3. Ana iya amfani da shi don auna adadin bariyawan da aka gano.

4. Ion Chromatography: Wannan hanyar ta dace da nazarin a cikin samfuran ruwa. Oons Oions sun rabu kuma an gano shi ta ion chromatoggograph. Ana iya amfani da shi don auna taro a cikin samfuran ruwa.

5. X-ray Cryorescence Spectometry (XRF): Wancan hanyar da ba ta tantancewa ba ta dace da gano bariki a cikin samfuran samfurori ba. Bayan samfurin shine farin ciki da X-haskoki, da kwayoyin zarra na wasan kwaikwayo na musamman takamaiman masu kyalli, kuma abun cikin bariyanci an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar auna girman mai haske.

6. Za'a iya amfani da spectometry: Za a iya amfani da taro na bera don tantance abun da ke ciki na bari da kuma tantance abun cikin bari. Wannan hanyar yawanci ana amfani dashi don bincike mai zurfi kuma na iya gano ƙananan ƙarancin bariyanci.

Abubuwan da ke sama sune hanyoyin da aka saba amfani dasu don gano wuraren ganowa. Hanya takamaiman hanyar don zaɓar ya dogara da yanayin samfurin, yawan taro na bardium, da kuma dalilin bincike. Idan kuna buƙatar ƙarin bayani ko kuna da wasu tambayoyi, don Allah ku ji don sanar da ni. Waɗannan hanyoyin ana amfani dasu sosai a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje da aikace-aikacen masana'antu don daidaito da dogara da gwargwado kuma gano kasancewar bariyanci. Takamaiman hanyar don amfani ya dogara da nau'in samfurin da ke buƙatar auna, kewayon abun cikin sha'ir, da kuma takamaiman dalilin bincike.

9

A cikin kashi na kashi yana da babban tasiri na sha da hankali, kuma yana ba da ingantacciyar hanya don nazarin hanyoyin da ke cikin sinadarai don auna abubuwan da ke cikin abubuwa. Takamaiman matakai kamar haka: Shirya samfurin da za a gwada. Shirya samfurin kayan da za a auna a cikin mafita, wanda gaba ɗaya yana buƙatar narkewa tare da haɗe da hadawa mai zuwa. A cewar abubuwan da za a gwada samfurin na samfurin da kewayon abun ciki wanda za'a auna, zaɓi zaɓi na coectouromet na atomic dace.
Daidaita sigogi na spectourmet na ciyarwa na atomom. Dangane da kayan da za a gwada da samfurin kayan aiki, daidaita sigogi na spectromet cocomption coectrometer, gami da tushen haske, atomizer, mai ganowa, da sauransu.
Auna da abin tunawa. Sanya samfurin da za a gwada a cikin Atomizer, kuma Emit hasken wutar lantarki na takamaiman igiyar ruwa ta hanyar tushen haske. Abubuwan da za a gwada su zai sha waɗannan hasken hasken kuma yana haifar da canjin matakin makamashi. Auna abin tunawa da azurfa ta hanyar mai ganowa. Lissafta abun ciki na kashi. Ana lissafta abubuwan da aka haɗa da kayan dangane da tunawa da daidaitaccen ra'ayi. Mai zuwa sune takamaiman sigogi da kayan aiki don auna abubuwa.

Standard: Babban-tsarkaka naman alade Baco3 ko Bacl2 1o.
Hanyar: daidai da nauyi 0.1778G BARLL2 2H2O, narke a cikin karamin adadin ruwa, kuma daidai ka haɗu zuwa 100ml. Ba a maida hankali a cikin wannan maganin shine 1000μG / ml. Adana a cikin kwalban polyethylene daga haske.
Nau'in harshen wuta: Air-Acetylene, harshen wuta mai arziki.
Masu bincike na bincike: Wavegth (NM) 553.6
M banwidth (nm) 0.2
Face Away 0.3
Shawarwarin Labaran Shawara
Mara kyau mai karfi (v) 393.00
Tsawon mai ƙonewa kai (mm) 10
Lokacin haɗin kai (s) 3
Air matsin iska da kwarara (MPa, ML / min) 0.24
AcetyleLene matsin lamba da kwarara (MPa, ML / MIN) 0.05, 2200
Linear kewayik (μg / ml) 3 ~ 400
Linar Corbation Capelation 0.9967
Katolika na halayyar (μG / ml) 7.333
Iyaka ta gano (μG / ml) 1.0rdd (%) 0.27
Hanyar ƙididdigar hanya mai ci gaba
Bayani acidity 0.5% hno3

Tsarin gwaji:

CLEICITING LATSA:

Nau'in harshen wuta: nitretlene, harshen wuta mai arziki
.Analalalysis parameters: Wavegth: 553.6
M banwidth (nm) 0.2
Filter Capeld 0.6
Shawarar da aka ba da shawarar a yanzu (ma) 6.0
Mara kyau mai karfi (v) 374.5
Tsawo na konewa (mm) 13
Lokacin haɗin kai (s) 3
Air Stream da kwarara (MP, ML / MIN) 0.25, 5100
Nitrous matsa lamba da kwarara (mp, ml / min) 0.1, 5300
Acetylene matsin lamba da kwarara (MP, ML / MIN) 0.1, 4600
Linar Corbation Capelation 0.9998
Kayayyakin Kaya (μG / ML) 0.379
Hanyar ƙididdigar hanya mai ci gaba
Bayani acidity 0.5% hno3

Tsarin gwaji:

CLEICITING LATSA:

Tsangwama: Baium yana da matukar damuwa da Phosphate mai tsaurin kai, silicon da aluminum a cikin harshen wuta na ACETETLE, amma za a iya cin nasara a cikin harshen wuta na Nitretylene. Kashi 80% na BA an ionizal a cikin nitrutlelene harshen wuta-ACETELNE, Don haka 2000μg / ml na K+ ya kamata a ƙara su + ya kamata a ƙara su a cikin rayuwarmu da kyau. Daga ainihin kayan aikin bincike na kimiyya zuwa kayan masarufi a masana'antu, don neman bincike a cikin filayen da yawa filaye.
Koyaya, kamar yadda kowane tsabar kuɗi ke da bangarori biyu, wasu mahadi na bariyanci ma masu guba ne. Sabili da haka, lokacin amfani da Barium, dole ne mu ci gaba da taka tsantsan don tabbatar da amfani mai aminci kuma ka guji lahani ga yanayin da jikin mutum.
Idan muka waiwaya a kan binciken binciken, ba za mu iya taimakawa ba sai dai a cikin sirrinsa da fara'a. Ba wai kawai abin bincike ne na masana kimiyya ba, har ma da babban mataimaki na injiniyoyi, da kuma tabo mai haske a fagen magani. Neman nan gaba, muna tsammanin ciisi na ci gaba da kawo ƙarin abubuwan mamaki da kuma nasara ga mutane, amma na yi imani cewa ta hanyar ci gaba da ci gaba da wannan labarin, amma na yarda da ci gaba da ci gaba da wannan labarin, da kuma taimaka wajan ci gaba da kasancewa cikin zurfafa ciceum. Bari mu sa ido ga aikin ban mamaki na barium a nan gaba kuma yana ba da gudummawa sosai ga ci gaban ɗan adam.

Don ƙarin bayani ko don bincike mai ƙarfi na 99.9% ƙarfe, maraba don tuntuɓar Amurka a ƙasa:

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