Yayinda muke bincika duniyar ban mamaki game da abubuwa,erbiumYana jawo hankalinmu tare da kaddarorinsa na musamman da darajar aikace-aikacen. Daga teku mai zurfi zuwa sararin samaniya, daga na'urorin lantarki zuwa fasahar makamashi, aikace-aikace naerbiumA fannin kimiyya ta ci gaba da fadada, nuna darajar da ba a daidaita ba.
Erbium da aka gano da Sweden Chemist Mosander a 1843 ta nazarin yttrium. Da farko suna mai suna erbie kamarOrbie Terbifi,Don haka a farkon littattafan Jamusanci, Littattafan Jamusanci, Terbium Orbiide sun rikice.
Ba har sai bayan 1860 cewa an gyara shi. A daidai lokacin daLanthanumAn gano, Mosander ya bincika kuma ya yi karatun farko da aka ganoyttrium, kuma ya buga rahoto a shekarar 1842, wanda yake nuna cewa an gano asalinsayttriumba abu guda ɗaya ba iri ɗaya ne, amma abubuwa masu yawa na abubuwa uku. Har yanzu yana kira ɗayansu yttrium, kuma ya sanya masa suna daya daga cikinsuErbia(Erbium ƙasa). An saita alamar kashi kamarEr. An kira shi bayan inda aka gano Wattrium na Yerttrium, karamin garin qta kusa da Stockholm, Sweden. Gano Erbium da sauran abubuwa biyu,Lanthanumdaterbium, ya buɗe kofa ta biyu zuwa ga ganoAbubuwa na Duniya, wanda shine mataki na biyu na abubuwan duniya da ke cikin duniya. Gano su shine na uku daga cikin abubuwan duniya da yawa bayan hakaceriumdayttrium.
A yau, zamu shiga wannan binciken tafiya tare don samun zurfin fahimtar na musamman na erbium da aikace-aikacen ta a zamani.
Ayyukan Aikace-aikacen Embium Est
1. Fasaha Laser:Erbium Edemon ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin fasahar laser, musamman a cikin masu ƙarfi-jihar LASER. Erbium ions na iya samar da lashers tare da coupons na kimanin 1.5 microns a cikin kayan ler-store-jihar.
2. FimTun lokacin da kashi na esbium zai iya samar da hanyar da ake buƙata don yin aiki a cikin sadarwar fiber-Daidaitawa a cikin amsar fiber. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen haɓaka nesa da nesa da haɓaka sigina da haɓaka aikin sadarwar hanyoyin sadarwa.
3. Likita laser:Ana amfani da lemun erbium sosai a cikin Kiwon lafiya, musamman don yankan nama da coagular. Zaɓin igiyar ruwa ya ba da damar laser erbium da ya kamata a sha da kyau kuma ana amfani dashi don tiyata ta hanyar laser, kamar tiyata ta ophthalmic.
4Additionarin Erbium ga wasu kayan magnetic na iya canza hanyoyin magnetic, suna yin su aikace-aikace a cikin tunanin magnetic resonance (MRI). Za'a iya amfani da kayan maganyayyaki-da ake amfani da magnetic kayan don inganta sabanin hotuna na Mri.
5. Amplifiers na gani:Hakanan ana amfani da Erbium a cikin replifiers na gani. Ta hanyar ƙara erbium ga amplifier, ana iya samun riba a tsarin sadarwa, ƙara nesa da nesa nesa da siginar gani na gani.
6. Masana'antar makamashi na nukiliya:Erbium-167 isotope has a high neutron cross section, so it is used as a neutron source in the nuclear energy industry for neutron detection and control of nuclear reactors.
7. Bincike da dakunan gwaje-gwaje:Ana amfani da Erbium a matsayin mai ganowa na musamman da alama a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje don bincike da aikace-aikace na dakin gwaje-gwaje. Kayan kwalliyar ta musamman da kaddarorin Magnetic sun yi ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin binciken kimiyya.
Erbium yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a kimiyyar zamani da fasaha da magani, da kuma kayan aikinta na musamman suna ba da mahimmancin tallafi ga aikace-aikace iri-iri.
Kayan jiki na Erbium
Bukatar: erbium fari ne mai siluwa, m karfe.
Yawa: erbium yana da yawa na kusan 9.066 g / cm3. Wannan yana nuna cewa Erbium shine in mun gwada karfe.
Mahimmancin: Erbium yana da matakin narke na 1,529 Celsius (2,784 digiri Fahrenheit). Wannan yana nufin cewa a yanayin zafi, erbium zai iya canzawa daga m jihar zuwa jihar ruwa.
Bhafi Point: Erbium yana da tafasasshen yanayi na digiri 2,870 Celsius (5,198 digiri Fahrenshet). Wannan shine ma'anar lokacin da Erbium mai canzawa daga yanayin ruwa zuwa wani yanki mai kyau a yanayin zafi.
Aiki: Erbium yana daya daga cikin karin karafa kuma yana da kyawawan halaye na lantarki.
Magnetism: a zazzabi a daki, erbium abu ne mai cinyewa. Ya nuna Ferromagnism a ƙasa wani yanayi, amma ya rasa wannan dukiya a yanayin zafi.
Lokaci na Magnetic: Erbium yana da babban lokacin magnetic, wanda ya sa ya zama mahimmanci a cikin kayan magnetic da aikace-aikacen magnetic.
Tsarin crystal: a zazzabi a daki, tsarin kristal na Erbium shine hexagonal mafi kusa. Wannan tsarin yana shafar kaddarorinta a cikin m jihar.
Yin aiki da zafi: Erbium yana da babban aiki na zafi, yana nuna cewa yana yin rijiya da kyau a cikin yanayin aiki.
Romemacleity: Erbium da kanta ba abu bane na rediyo, kuma tsayayyen kayan aikinta suna da yawa.
Abubuwan da ke kallo: Erbium yana nuna takamaiman sha da layin saukar ungulu a cikin yankuna masu bayyanawa da na kusa, wanda ya sa ya zama da amfani a cikin fasahar laser da aikace-aikace.
Kayan jiki na Erbium Erbium Este sa shi da amfani sosai a cikin fasahar Laser, Eptication Sadarwa, magani da sauran filayen ilimin kimiyya da fasaha.
Kayan sunadarai na Erbium
Alamar kemikal: Alamar sunadarai na Erbium er.
Jiharancin Shakakawa: Erbium yawanci akwai a cikin yanayin hauhawar kayan shawa a cikin +3, wanda shine yanayin iskar iskar shakafar ta da ta fi yawa. A cikin mahadi, Erbium na iya samar da ER ^ 3 + ions.
Haɗuwa: Erbium yana daɗaɗɗa a zazzabi a ɗakin, amma zai kasance a hankali oxidezed a cikin iska. Yana da a hankali zuwa ruwa da acid, saboda haka zai iya zama cikin bargajiya a wasu aikace-aikace.
Sanarwar: Erbium yana narkewa a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta na yau da kullun don samar da daidaitattun salts ussium.
Dauki tare da oxygen: erbium ya dogara da iskar oxygen don samar da oxides, galibiEr2o3 (erbium dioxide). Wannan fure ne da aka saba amfani da shi a cikin Ceramic Glazes da sauran aikace-aikace.
Dauki tare da Halgens: Erbium na iya amsawa tare da Halgens don samar da dacewa Halides, kamarerbium fiuride (Erf3), erbium chloride (ERCL3), da sauransu.
Dauki tare da sulfur: erbium iya amsawa tare da sulfur don samar da sifffi, kamarerbium sulfide (er2s3).
Dauki tare da nitrogen: erbium ya dogara da nitrogen don tsariErbium nitride (ern).
Tsafe: erbium siffofin hadaddun, musamman a cikin tsarin sunadarai sunadarai. Wadannan hadaddun suna da darajar aikace-aikacen a Catalysis da sauran filayen.
Stable isotopes: erbium yana da yawan tsararru mai yawa, mafi yawan abin da shine ER-166. Bugu da kari, Erbium yana da kayan masarufi na rediyo, amma yarensu yakai.
Kayayyakin sunadarai Erbium ya sanya wani muhimmin bangare ne na aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace masu fasaha, suna nuna ma'anarta ta daban-daban filaye.
Ilimin halittu na erbium
Erbium yana da ɗan ƙaramin kaddarorin halittu a cikin kwayoyin, amma wasu karatun sun nuna cewa yana iya shiga cikin wasu hanyoyin halitta a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi.
Samun Halitse: Erbium side ne mai ganowa don kwayoyin halitta da yawa, amma rashin daidaituwa a cikin halittun ne ya ɗan rage.LanthanumIons suna da wuya a sha da amfani da kwayoyin halitta, saboda haka ba da wuya suyi muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kwayoyin ba.
Guba: erbium an dauke shi da ƙarancin guba, musamman idan aka kwatanta da sauran karancin duniya. Ana ɗaukar mahadi Erbium in mun zama mara lahani ga wasu a maida hankali. Koyaya, babban maida hankali na Lanthanum Eons na iya samun sakamako mai cutarwa akan kwayoyin, kamar lalacewa da tsangwama tare da ayyukan da aka yi.
Kasancewar halittu: Ko da yake erbium yana da kadan daga cikin ayyuka a cikin kwayoyin halitta, wasu nazarin sun nuna cewa na iya shiga cikin wasu takamaiman matakan bita na halitta. Misali, wasu karatun ya nuna cewa Erbium na iya taka rawa wajen inganta girma da kuma fure na tsirrai.
Aikace-aikacen likita: erbium kuma mahaɗan mahaɗan kuma suna da wasu aikace-aikace a filin kiwon lafiya. Misali, za a iya amfani da Erbium a cikin lura da wasu radionuclides, a matsayin wakili na musamman don gastrointestinal fili, kuma a matsayin karin taimako ga wasu kwayoyi. A cikin tunanin likita, wani lokacin erbium mahimman abubuwa ana amfani dasu azaman na wakilan.
Abun ciki a cikin jiki: Erbium ya wanzu cikin adadi kaɗan a cikin yanayi, don haka abun ciki a yawancin halittun ma sun ragu. A cikin wasu karatun, an gano cewa wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da tsire-tsire na iya ɗaukarsu da tara erbium.
Ya kamata a lura cewa Erbium ba abu ne mai mahimmanci ga jikin mutum ba, saboda haka fahimtar ayyukan halittar halittar har yanzu suna da iyaka. A yanzu, babban aikace-aikacen Erbium har yanzu suna mai da hankali a cikin filayen fasaha kamar kimiyya na zamani, gani, da magani, maimakon a fagen ilimin halitta.
Ma'adinai da samar da erbium
Erbium wani abu ne mai wuya duniya wanda yake matukar wahala a cikin yanayi.
1. Kasancewa a cikin ɓawon burodi na duniya: Erbium ya wanzu a cikin ɓawon burodi na ƙasa, amma abun ciki yana da low. Matsakaicin abun ciki shine kusan 0.3 MG / kg. Erbium yafi dacewa da nau'i na teres, tare da sauran karancin duniya.
2. Rarraba a cikin Ores: Erbium yafi dacewa da nau'i na Ores. Ores na gama gari sun haɗa da Erbium Erbium Ore, Erbium Aluminum Steissium, Erbium Potassium Dutse, da sauransu. Wadannan erc. Wadannan ers yawanci suna ƙunshe da sauran karancin duniya a lokaci guda. Erbium yawanci yafi shi ne ta hanyar al'ada.
3. Manyan kasashen samarwa sun hada da China, Amurka, Brazil, da sauransu, wadannan kasashe suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da abubuwan duniya.
4. Hanyar hakar: erbium yawanci ana iya fitar da shi daga ess ta hanyar hakar abin duniya da karancin abubuwa. Wannan ya shafi jerin sunadarai da smelting matakai don ware da kuma tsarkake erbium.
5. Haɗin da sauran abubuwan: Erbium yana da kaddarorin iri ɗaya zuwa sauran abubuwan duniya baki, don haka a cikin hakar duniya da rabuwa tare da sauran abubuwan duniya.
6. Wuraren aikace-aikacen: Ana amfani da Erbium a cikin filin kimiyya da fasaha, musamman a cikin sadarwa na yau da kullun, fasahar laser da kuma aikin likita. Sakamakon kayan aikinta na rigakafinsa a cikin gilashin, erbium kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin shirye-shiryen gilashin ganima.
Kodayake erbium yana da wuya a cikin ɓawon burodi na ƙasa, saboda abubuwan da suka dace da aikace-aikacen fasaha, da bukatar a hankali ya karu, sakamakon shi a hankali yana ƙaruwa, sakamakon shi a hankali yana ƙaruwa, yana haifar da cigaba da fasahar da ta danganta.
Hanyoyin ganowa gama gari don Erbium
Hanyoyin ganowa don Erbium yawanci sun shafi dabarun Chemistry. Mai zuwa cikakken bayani ne ga wasu hanyoyin gano Erbium na yau da kullun:
1. Cutar Atomic sha (Aas): AAS shine mafi yawan bayanan bincike da yawa da aka saba amfani da su don tantance abubuwan da baƙin ƙarfe a cikin samfurin. A cikin Aas, samfurin yana atomzed kuma ya shude ta hanyar katako na hasken hasken takamaiman abin da ya fito, da kuma yawan hasken da aka gani don sanin maida hankali ne.
2. A ICP-oes, samfurin yana wucewa cikin plasma da aka kula da shi don samar da babban-zazzabi a cikin samfurin don fitar da bakan. Ta hanyar gano tsaunukan da aka yi da zafin rana, maida hankali ga kowane abu a cikin samfurin za'a iya tantance shi.
3. Mass spectrometry (ICP-MS): ICP-MS): ICP-MS) ya haɗu da ƙarni na plasma tare da babban ƙuduri na m taro kuma ana iya amfani da shi don nazarin babban taro a matsanancin ɗauka a matsanancin ɗauka. A cikin ICP-MS, samfurin yana da acorized da ionized, sa'an nan kuma gano shi da taro na kowane abu.
4. Cikakkun magana: Specroscopy na Spectoscopy yana tantance taro ta hanyar farin ciki da erbium eriting da auna siginar da aka zira kwallaye. Wannan hanyar tana da tasiri musamman abubuwan duniya da yawa.
5. Chromatography: chromatography za a iya amfani da shi don rabawa kuma a gano mahadi Erbium. Misali, ion musayar cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan fata ana iya amfani da duka don bincika kuskuren Erbium.
Waɗannan hanyoyin yawanci suna buƙatar yin su a cikin yanayin ɗakunan ajiya kuma suna buƙatar amfani da abubuwan ci gaba da kayan aiki. Zaɓin hanyar ganowar da ta dace yawanci ya dogara da yanayin samfurin, masaniyar da ake buƙata, ƙuduri, da kasancewar kayan aikin ɗakunan ajiya.
Takamaiman aikace-aikace na Hanyar Shawo da Atomic don auna EmBium Erbium
A cikin kashi na kashi yana da babban tasiri na sha da hankali, kuma yana ba da ingantacciyar hanya don nazarin abubuwan da ke cikin sinadarai, abun ciki da abun ciki na abubuwa.
Bayan haka, muna yin amfani da hanyar tsayar da hanyar atomic don auna abun cikin Erbium Erbium. Takamaiman matakai kamar haka:
Da farko, ya zama dole don shirya samfurin wanda ke ɗauke da samfurin erbium. Samfurin zai iya zama mai ƙarfi, ruwa ko gas. Don samfurori mai ƙarfi, yawanci yana da mahimmanci don narke ko narke su don tsari mai zuwa.
Zabi mai dauke da kayan kwalliya na atomomp ya dace. Dangane da abubuwan da za'a iya nunawa da kewayon samfurin Erbium wanda za'a auna, zabi wani kayan maye na atomom sau sha dace da spectourometer.
Daidaita sigogi na spectourmet na ciyarwa na atomom. Dangane da kayan da za a auna da ƙirar kayan aiki, daidaita sigogi na coectromet spectromet spectomp, gami da tushen haske, atomizer, mai ganowa, da sauransu.
Auna da abin tunawa da Estbium. Sanya samfurin da za a gwada a cikin Atomizer, kuma Emit hasken wutar lantarki na takamaiman igiyar ruwa ta hanyar tushen haske. Estbium Erbium da za a gwada zai sha zai sha wannan hasken hasken kuma samar da canjin matakin farko. Rashin ɗaukar ƙwayar erbium wanda mai ganowa ya auna.
Lissafta abun cikin Erbium Erbium. Lissafa abun ciki na Erbium Erbium wanda aka danganta da shi da daidaitaccen ra'ayi.
A kan matakin kimiyya, erbium, tare da kaddarorinta na musamman, ya ƙara ban mamaki ta hanyar binciken halittar ɗan adam da bidi'a. Daga zurfin ɓoyayyen duniya ga masu fasaha-fasaha a aikace-aikacen fasaha a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, tafiyar Erbium ta shaida rashin gaskiyar lamuran. Aikace-aikacenta a cikin sadarwa na gani, fasaha ta Laser da magani sun sanya damar damar zuwa cikin rayuwarmu, ba mu damar matsakaicin wuraren da suka zama sau ɗaya.
Kamar yadda Erbium yake haskakawa ta wani yanki na gilashin Crystal don haskaka hanyar da ba a santa ba don masu binciken a majalisar kimiyya. Erbium ba wai kawai tauraro mai haske ba ne a kan tebur na lokaci-lokaci, amma kuma mai karfi mai ƙarfi ga ɗan adam ya hau narkar da kimiyya da fasaha.
Ina fatan cewa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, za mu iya bincika asirin erbum more zurfi kuma ka nayi ci gaba da haskakawa da haske a kan hanyar ci gaba na Adam. Labarin abin da ke faruwa Erbium ci gaba, kuma muna sa ido ga abin da erbum ne na gaba zai nuna mana kan matakin kimiyya.
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