HafniumUngakha ama-alloys ngezinye izinsimbi, ummeleli kakhulu wawo u-Hafnium Tantalum Alloy, onjengePentacarbide Tetratantalum ne-HAFNIUM (TA4HFC5), enendawo ephezulu yokuncibilika. Iphuzu lokuncibilika le-pentacarbide tetratantalum ne-hafnium lingafinyelela ku-4215 ℃, okwenza kube yinto eyaziwa njengamanje ngephuzu eliphakeme kakhulu elincibilikayo.
Hafnium, ngophawu lwamakhemikhali HF, yinto yensimbi engokwesigaba sensimbi yeTransition. Ukubukeka kwalo okuyisisekelo kuyisiliva kumpunga futhi kune-luster yensimbi. Inobunzima be-mohts ka-5.5, iphuzu elincibilikayo lango-2233 ℃, futhi lupulasitiki. I-hafnium ingakha umhlanganisi we-oxide emoyeni, kanti izakhiwo zakhona zizinzile emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni. I-hafnium eyimpuphu ingaziqhenya nge-flontaunes emoyeni, futhi ingasabela ngo-oksijini kanye ne-nitrogen emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. UHafnium akasabeli ngamanzi, ama-dilifucicid afana ne-hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, kanye nezixazululo eziqinile ze-alkali. Kuyancibilika kuma-acid aqinile afana ne-Aqua Regia ne-hydrofluoric acid, futhi kunokumelana okuhle kakhulu kokugqwala.
Intohafniumwatholakala ngo-1923. I-hafnium inokuqukethwe okuphansi ku-crust womhlaba, ngu-0.00045% kuphela. Ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nensimbi ye-zirconium futhi ayinawo ama-ores ahlukile. I-hafnium ingatholakala ezindaweni eziningi ze-zirconium, njenge-beryllium zircon, zircon, nezinye izimbiwa. Izinhlobo ezimbili zokuqala zama-ores zinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-hafnium kodwa okulondoloziwe okuphansi, futhi i-zircon ingumthombo oyinhloko we-hafnium. Ngokwesikali somhlaba wonke, okugciniwe okuphelele kwezinsizakusebenza ze-hafnium kungamathani angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1. Amazwe anezinhlanzi ezinkulu ikakhulukazi afaka phakathi iNingizimu Afrika, e-Australia, e-United States, eBrazil, eNdiya nezinye izifunda. Izimayini zeHafnium zisatshalaliswa eGuangxi nakwezinye izifunda zaseChina.
Ngo-1925, ososayensi ababili abavela eSweden naseNetherlands bathola le nto hafnium futhi balungiselela i-hafinium yensimbi esetshenziswayo esebenzisa indlela eyinkimbinkimbi yesawoti eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nendlela yokunciphisa i-sodium yensimbi. I-HAFNIUM inezinhlaka ezimbili zekristal futhi ibonise ukupakisha okuminyene kwe-hexagonal emazingeni okushisa ngaphansi kwe-1300 ℃ (α- lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphezulu kwe-1300 ℃, liveza njengomzimba we-cubic cuired cubic (β- equation). I-HAFNiUM futhi ine-isotopes eyisithupha ezinzile, okungukuthi hafnium 174, hafnium 176, hafnium 177, hafnium 178, hafnium 179, ne-hafnium 189, ne-hafnium 180, i-United States kanye neFrance abakhiqizi abaphambili be-metal hafnium.
Amakhompiyutha amakhulu we-hafnium afakahafnium dioxide (HFO2), hafnium tetrachloride (HFCL44), ne-hafnium hydroxide (h4hfo4). I-Hafnium dioxide ne-hafnium tetrachloride ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza insimbihafnium, hafnium dioxideIngasetshenziswa futhi ukulungiselela ama-hafnium alloys, futhi i-hafnium hydroxide ingasetshenziswa ukulungiselela amakhompiyutha ahlukahlukene we-hafnium. I-HAFNIUM ingadala ama-alloys ngamanye ama-metals, ummeleli kakhulu yilokho i-hafnium tantalum alloy, efana ne-pentacarbide tetratantalum ne-hafnium (ta4hfc5), enendawo ephezulu yokuncibilika. Iphuzu lokuncibilika le-pentacarbide tetratantalum ne-hafnium lingafinyelela ku-4215 ℃, okwenza kube yinto eyaziwa njengamanje ngephuzu eliphakeme kakhulu elincibilikayo.
Ngokusho kocwaningo lwe- "20222-2026 Deep Market Christions kanye nokubalwa kwesu Umbiko we-Metal Hafnium Imboni" ekhishwe yisikhungo socwaningo lwe-Metal Hafnium, i-Metal hafnium Cathtode Calode, i-X-ray tube calode, kanye ne-procesbor gate dieelectrics; I-Hafnium Tungsten Alloy noHafnium Molybdenum Alloy ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza ama-tube we-tube ekhipha amandla aphezulu, ngenkathi i-hafnium Tantalum Alloy ingasetshenziswa ukwenza izinto zokumelana nensimbi yethuluzi; Carbide Carbide (I-HFC) ingasetshenziselwa ama-rocket nozzles nezindiza ezivikela izindiza, kuyilapho i-hafnium boride (HFB2) ingasetshenziswa njenge-alloy eliphakeme lokushisa; Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-metal hafnium inesigaba esikhulu sokumunca nje se-neutron amuncy
Abahlaziyi bezimboni abavela ku-xinsinsijie bathi ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo zokumelana ne-oxidation, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, izinto zokwakha ama-elekthronikhi, izinto zokwakha amazinga okushisa, kanye nezinto zokwakha ama-athomu. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezimboni ezinjengezinto ezintsha, imininingwane ye-elekthronikhi, ne-aerospace, izinkambu zohlelo lokusebenza zikhula njalo, futhi imikhiqizo emisha ivela njalo. Amathemba okuthuthuka kwesikhathi esizayo ayathembisa.
Isikhathi sePosi: Sep-27-2023