I loko o ka hapalua haneli i hala iho nei, ua mālama ʻia nā noiʻi nui e pili ana i nā hopena catalytic o nā mea laʻa (ka nui o nā oxides a me nā chlorides), a ua loaʻa kekahi mau hopena maʻamau, hiki ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia penei:
1. Ma ka uila uila omea ʻeleʻele laha ʻole, Aia nā electrons 4f i ka papa o loko a ua pale ʻia e 5s a me 5p electrons, ʻoiai ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā electrons waho e hoʻoholo ai i nā waiwai kemika o ka mea.No laila, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hopena catalytic o ka d transition element, ʻaʻohe ʻano ʻike maopopo, a ʻaʻole i like ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hana e like me ka d transition element;
2. I ka hapanui o nā pane, ʻaʻole e loli nui ka hana catalytic o kēlā me kēia ʻano honua laha, me ka nui o 12 mau manawa, ʻoi aku hoʻi no ka heavy rare earth elementskahi aneane ʻaʻohe hoʻololi hana.He ʻokoʻa loa kēia mai ka mea hoʻololi d, a hiki i kā lākou hana ke ʻokoʻa i kekahi manawa e kekahi mau kauoha o ka nui;Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hana catalytic o 3 mau mea koʻikoʻi honua i ʻelua mau ʻano.Hoʻokahi ʻano like me ka hoʻololi monotonic i ka helu o nā electrons (1-14) i ka orbital 4f, e like me ka hydrogenation a me ka dehydrogenation, a ʻo ke ʻano ʻē aʻe e pili ana i kahi hoʻololi manawa i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā electrons (1-7, 7-14). ) i loko o ka 4f orbital, e like me ka oxidation;
4. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi he nui i loaʻa i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻenehana i loaʻa i nā mea ʻeleʻele laha ʻole ka hapa nui o nā mea ʻeleʻele laha ʻole, a hoʻohana wale ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea ikaika i nā co catalysts a i ʻole nā catalyst hui.
ʻO ka mea nui, nā catalysts nā mea me nā hana kūikawā.He koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi ko nā pūhui honua laha ʻole i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ia mau mea, no ka mea, he nui ko lākou mau waiwai catalytic, e komo pū ana me ka oxidation-reduction a me ka acid-base, a ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ma nā ʻano he nui, me nā wahi he nui e kūkulu ʻia. ;I loko o nā mea catalytic he nui, loaʻa ka hoʻololi nui ʻana o nā mea ʻenehana honua me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hiki ke lilo i mea nui o ka catalyst, a me kahi ʻāpana lua a i ʻole co catalyst.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā pūhui honua laʻa e hana i nā mea catalyst me nā waiwai like ʻole no nā hopena like ʻole;ʻO nā pūhui honua laha ʻole, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā oxides, he kiʻekiʻe ka wela a me ka paʻa kemika, e hāʻawi ana i ka hiki no ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i ia mau mea catalyst.Loaʻa ka hana maikaʻi o nā catalysts Rare Earth, nā ʻano like ʻole, a me kahi ākea o nā noi catalytic.
I kēia manawa, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea hoʻoheheʻe honua maʻamau i ka petroleum cracking a me ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ka automotive, ka lāʻau synthetic, a me nā māla kemika a me ka inorganic.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Oct-11-2023