Tshaj li ib nrab xyoo dhau los, kev tshawb fawb dav tau ua tiav ntawm qhov cuam tshuam catalytic ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj (tsuas yog oxides thiab chlorides), thiab qee qhov kev tshwm sim tau txais, uas tuaj yeem ua tiav raws li hauv qab no:
1. Nyob rau hauv cov qauv hluav taws xob ntawmtsawg ntiaj teb cov ntsiab lus, 4f electrons nyob rau hauv lub puab txheej thiab yog shielded los ntawm 5s thiab 5p electrons, thaum lub txheej txheem ntawm txheej electrons uas txiav txim siab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom yog tib yam.Yog li ntawd, piv nrog cov nyhuv catalytic ntawm d hloov lub caij, tsis muaj cov yam ntxwv pom tseeb, thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis yog siab npaum li ntawm d kev hloov pauv;
2. Nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov catalytic kev ua ntawm txhua lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj lub caij tsis hloov ntau, nrog rau qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 12 zaug, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau heavy rare ntiaj teb ntsiabqhov twg yuav luag tsis muaj kev hloov pauv.Qhov no txawv kiag li ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub caij d, thiab lawv cov haujlwm muaj peev xwm qee zaum txawv los ntawm ntau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov loj;Kev ua haujlwm catalytic ntawm 3 lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj peev xwm muab faib ua ob hom.Ib hom sib raug rau kev hloov pauv monotonic ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm cov hluav taws xob (1-14) hauv 4f orbital, xws li hydrogenation thiab dehydrogenation, thiab lwm hom sib raug rau ib ntus kev hloov ntawm cov electrons (1-7, 7-14). ) nyob rau hauv 4f orbital, xws li oxidation;
4. Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj cov khoom siv hauv ntiaj teb tsawg feem ntau muaj cov ntsiab lus me me ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj, thiab feem ntau tsuas yog siv los ua cov khoom siv hauv co catalysts lossis cov catalysts sib xyaw.
Qhov tseem ceeb, catalysts yog cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb.Tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb cov tebchaw muaj qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb hauv kev txhim kho thiab siv cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no, vim tias lawv muaj ntau yam catalytic zog, suav nrog oxidation-txo thiab acid-base zog, thiab tsis tshua paub txog ntau yam, nrog rau ntau qhov chaw yuav tsim. ;Hauv ntau cov ntaub ntawv catalytic, cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb muaj kev sib hloov zoo nrog rau lwm cov ntsiab lus, uas tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov catalyst, nrog rau cov khoom siv thib ob lossis co catalyst.Tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb tebchaw tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov khoom siv catalyst nrog cov khoom sib txawv rau cov tshuaj sib txawv;Tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb cov tebchaw, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov oxides, muaj cov thermal thiab tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov, muab kev muaj peev xwm rau kev siv ntau ntawm cov khoom siv catalyst.Tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb catalysts muaj kev ua tau zoo, ntau hom, thiab ntau yam kev siv catalytic.
Tam sim no, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg hauv ntiaj teb feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov roj av tawg thiab kev hloov kho, kev ua kom huv hauv tsheb, cov roj hmab hluavtaws, thiab ntau cov organic thiab inorganic chemical teb.
Post lub sij hawm: Oct-11-2023