Gadolinium, element 64 of the periodic table.
Lanthanide nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub sij hawm yog ib tsev neeg loj, thiab lawv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg zoo sib xws, yog li nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau cais lawv.Xyoo 1789, Finnish chemist John Gadolin tau txais cov hlau oxide thiab nrhiav pom thawj lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj oxide -Yttrium (III) oxidelos ntawm kev tsom xam, qhib qhov kev tshawb pom keeb kwm ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb.Xyoo 1880, Swedish tus kws tshawb fawb Demeriak tau tshawb pom ob lub ntsiab lus tshiab, ib qho tom qab tau lees paub tias yogsamarium, thiab lwm yam tau raug txheeb xyuas tias yog lub caij tshiab, gadolinium, tom qab raug ntxuav los ntawm Fab Kis kws tshuaj Debuwa Bodeland.
Gadolinium keeb los ntawm silicon beryllium gadolinium ore, uas yog pheej yig, mos hauv kev ntxhib los mos, zoo nyob rau hauv ductility, sib nqus nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb keeb.Nws yog qhov ruaj khov nyob rau hauv cov huab cua qhuav, tab sis poob nws cov luster hauv cov av noo, tsim cov xoob thiab yooj yim detached flake zoo li dawb oxides.Thaum hlawv hauv huab cua, nws tuaj yeem tsim cov oxides dawb.Gadolinium reacts maj mam nrog dej thiab tuaj yeem yaj hauv cov kua qaub los ua cov ntsev tsis muaj xim.Nws cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg zoo ib yam li lwm yam Lanthanide, tab sis nws cov khoom siv kho qhov muag thiab sib nqus sib txawv me ntsis.Gadolinium yog Paramagnetism ntawm chav tsev kub thiab ferromagnetic tom qab txias.Nws cov yam ntxwv tuaj yeem siv los txhim kho cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov.
Siv Paramagnetism ntawm gadolinium, tus neeg sawv cev gadolinium tsim tau dhau los ua tus neeg sawv cev zoo rau NMR.Kev tshawb fawb tus kheej ntawm nuclear magnetic resonance imaging thev naus laus zis tau pib, thiab muaj 6 Nobel Prizes ntsig txog nws.Nuclear magnetic resonance feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib tw ntawm atomic nuclei, thiab cov kiv cua ntawm txawv atomic nuclei txawv.Raws li cov electromagnetic nthwv dej tawm los ntawm qhov sib txawv attenuation nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem sib txawv, txoj hauj lwm thiab hom atomic nuclei uas tsim cov khoom no tuaj yeem txiav txim siab, thiab cov duab sab hauv ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem kos.Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub magnetic teb, lub teeb liab ntawm nuclear magnetic resonance imaging tshuab los ntawm spin ntawm tej atomic nuclei, xws li hydrogen nuclei hauv dej.Txawm li cas los xij, cov spin no muaj peev xwm nuclei yog rhuab nyob rau hauv RF teb ntawm magnetic resonance, zoo ib yam li lub microwave qhov cub, uas feem ntau tsis muaj zog lub teeb liab ntawm magnetic resonance imaging technology.Gadolinium ion tsis tsuas yog muaj zog Spin magnetic lub sij hawm, uas pab lub spin ntawm lub atomic nucleus, pab txoj kev paub yuav ua li cas cov ntaub so ntswg mob, tab sis kuj miraculously ua kom txias.Txawm li cas los xij, gadolinium muaj qee yam toxicity, thiab hauv cov tshuaj, chelating ligands yog siv los encapsulate gadolinium ions los tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev nkag mus rau tib neeg cov ntaub so ntswg.
Gadolinium muaj zog magnetocaloric nyhuv nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, thiab nws qhov kub thiab txias sib txawv nrog rau qhov kev siv ntawm lub magnetic teb, uas coj mus rau ib tug nthuav daim ntawv thov - sib nqus tub yees.Thaum lub sij hawm txheej txheem tub yees, vim yog kev taw qhia ntawm cov hlau nplaum dipole, cov khoom sib nqus yuav ua kom sov nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw sib nqus sab nraud.Thaum lub magnetic teb raug tshem tawm thiab insulated, cov khoom kub txo.Qhov kev sib nqus cua txias no tuaj yeem txo qhov kev siv cov tub yees xws li Freon thiab txias sai sai.Tam sim no, lub ntiaj teb tab tom sim tsim daim ntawv thov ntawm gadolinium thiab nws cov alloys nyob rau hauv daim teb no, thiab tsim ib tug me me thiab muaj peev xwm sib nqus cua txias.Raws li kev siv gadolinium, ultra-low kub tuaj yeem ua tiav, yog li gadolinium tseem hu ua "cov hlau txias tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb".
Gadolinium isotopes Gd-155 thiab Gd-157 muaj qhov loj tshaj plaws thermal neutron Absorption hla ntu ntawm tag nrho Natural isotopes, thiab tuaj yeem siv me me ntawm gadolinium los tswj kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj ntawm nuclear reactors.Yog li, gadolinium raws li lub teeb dej reactors thiab gadolinium Control pas nrig tau yug los, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho kev nyab xeeb ntawm nuclear reactors thaum txo nqi.
Gadolinium kuj muaj cov khoom siv kho qhov muag zoo heev thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv kho qhov muag, zoo ib yam li diodes hauv circuits, tseem hu ua lub teeb-emitting diodes.Hom teeb-emitting diode no tsis tsuas yog tso cai rau lub teeb hla mus rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia, tab sis tseem thaiv qhov kev xav ntawm echoes nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv fiber ntau, ua kom lub purity ntawm optical signal kis tau tus mob thiab txhim kho kev sib kis ntawm lub teeb nthwv dej.Gadolinium gallium garnet yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws substrate cov ntaub ntawv rau kev kho qhov muag isolators.
Post lub sij hawm: Jul-06-2023