Nanotechnology ndi gawo lomwe likubwera lamitundu yosiyanasiyana lomwe linayamba pang'onopang'ono kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980 ndi koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1990.Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kwakukulu kopanga njira zatsopano zopangira, zida, ndi zinthu, ziyambitsa kusintha kwatsopano kwa mafakitale m'zaka zatsopano.Chitukuko chamakono cha nanoscience ndi nanotechnology ndi chofanana ndi makompyuta ndi zamakono zamakono m'ma 1950.Asayansi ambiri omwe adadzipereka pa ntchitoyi akuyembekeza kuti chitukuko cha nanotechnology chidzakhudza kwambiri mbali zambiri zaukadaulo.Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti ili ndi zinthu zachilendo komanso zapadera, komanso zolepheretsa zazikulu zomwe zimatsogolera kuzinthu zachilendo za nano.dziko losowaZida zimaphatikizapo zochitika zenizeni, kukula kochepa, mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe owonekera, tunneling effect, ndi macroscopic quantum effect.Zotsatirazi zimapangitsa kuti thupi la nano likhale losiyana ndi zipangizo zamakono, monga kuwala, magetsi, kutentha, ndi maginito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale ndi zolemba zambiri.Pali njira zitatu zazikulu zomwe asayansi amtsogolo angafufuze ndikupanga nanotechnology: kukonzekera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma nanomatadium apamwamba;Pangani ndikukonzekera zida ndi zida zosiyanasiyana za nano;Dziwani ndikusanthula momwe zigawo za nano zilili.Pakalipano, pali njira zina zogwiritsira ntchito nanodziko losowas, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mtsogolo kwa nanomayiko osowaakufunika kupititsa patsogolo.
Nano lanthanum oxideumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zipangizo piezoelectric, electrothermal zipangizo, thermoelectric zipangizo, magnetoresistive zipangizo, luminescent zipangizo (buluu ufa) hydrogen zosungiramo, galasi kuwala, zipangizo laser, zosiyanasiyana aloyi zipangizo, chothandizira pokonzekera organic mankhwala mankhwala, ndi chothandizira neutralizing utsi wamagalimoto.Mafilimu otembenuza kuwala amagwiritsidwanso ntchitonano lanthanum oxide.
Ntchito zazikulu zanano ceriazikuphatikizapo: 1. Monga galasi zowonjezera,nano ceriaimatha kuyamwa cheza cha ultraviolet ndi infrared ndipo yayikidwa pagalasi lamagalimoto.Sizingatheke kuteteza cheza cha ultraviolet, komanso kuchepetsa kutentha mkati mwa galimoto, potero kupulumutsa magetsi kuti azitha mpweya.2. Kugwiritsa ntchitonano cerium oxideZothandizira zoyeretsera utsi wamagalimoto zimatha kuletsa mpweya wochuluka wamagalimoto kuti usatuluke mlengalenga.3.Nano cerium oxideangagwiritsidwe ntchito popaka utoto pa mapulasitiki amitundu ndipo angagwiritsidwenso ntchito m’mafakitale monga zokutira, inki, ndi mapepala.4. Kugwiritsa ntchitonano ceriamu zipangizo kupukuta wakhala ambiri anazindikira ngati mkulu-mwatsatanetsatane chofunika kupukuta silicon zopyapyala ndi safiro limodzi galasi gawo lapansi.5. Kuphatikiza apo,nano ceriaItha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuzinthu zosungira ma haidrojeni, zida zamagetsi,nano ceriama elekitirodi a tungsten, ma capacitors a ceramic, zida zadothi za piezoelectric,nano ceria silicon carbidema abrasives, zopangira ma cell amafuta, zopangira mafuta, zida zina za maginito okhazikika, zitsulo zosiyanasiyana za aloyi, ndi zitsulo zopanda chitsulo.
NanometerPraseodymium oxide (Pr6O11)
Ntchito zazikulu zanano praseodymium okusayidizikuphatikizapo: 1. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga zoumba ndi zoumba tsiku ndi tsiku.Itha kusakanikirana ndi glaze ya ceramic kuti ipangitse glaze, kapena ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati pigment ya underglaze yokha.Pigment yopangidwa ndi yopepuka yachikasu, yokhala ndi kamvekedwe koyera komanso kokongola.2. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maginito okhazikika, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi ndi ma mota.3. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta opangira mafuta, imatha kusintha magwiridwe antchito, kusankha, komanso kukhazikika.4.Nano praseodymium oxideAngagwiritsidwenso ntchito popukuta abrasive.Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchitonano praseodymium okusayidim'munda wa kuwala ulusi nawonso kufala kwambiri.
Nanometer neodymium oxide (Nd2O3)
Nanometer neodymium oxideelement yakhala mutu wovuta kwambiri pamsika kwazaka zambiri chifukwa cha malo ake apadera mudziko losowamunda.Nanometer neodymium oxideimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazinthu zopanda chitsulo.Kuwonjezera 1.5% mpaka 2.5%nano neodymium oxidekuti magnesium kapena zotayidwa aloyi akhoza kusintha mkulu-kutentha ntchito, airtightness, ndi dzimbiri kukana aloyi, ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zakuthambo.Komanso, nano yttrium aluminiyamu garnet doped ndinano neodymium oxidee imapanga matabwa afupiafupi a laser, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani kuwotcherera ndi kudula zida zoonda ndi makulidwe osakwana 10mm.Muzochita zamankhwala, nanoyttrium aluminiyamuma lasers opangidwa ndi garnetnano neodymium oxideamagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa mipeni yopangira opaleshoni kuchotsa mabala opangira opaleshoni kapena mankhwala ophera tizilombo.Nano neodymium oxideamagwiritsidwanso ntchito popaka utoto magalasi ndi zida za ceramic, komanso zinthu za mphira ndi zowonjezera.
Ntchito zazikulu zananoscale samarium oxidemuphatikizepo kuwala kwake kwachikasu, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ceramic capacitors ndi zothandizira.Kuphatikiza apo,nano samarium oxideilinso ndi zida za nyukiliya ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomangira, zotchingira, ndi zinthu zowongolera zopangira ma atomiki, zomwe zimathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu yayikulu yopangidwa ndi nyukiliya.
Nanoscaleeuropium oxide (Eu2O3)
Nanoscale europium oxideamagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu fulorosenti ufa.Eu3 + imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choyambitsa ma phosphors ofiira, ndipo Eu2 + imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati phosphors ya buluu.Masiku ano, Y0O3: Eu3+ ndiye phosphor yabwino kwambiri yopangira luminescence, kukhazikika kwa zokutira, komanso kubweza mtengo.Kuphatikiza apo, ndikusintha kwaukadaulo monga kukonza bwino kwa luminescence ndi kusiyanitsa, ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Posachedwapa,nano europium oxideyagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati phosphor yotsitsimutsa m'makina atsopano ozindikira matenda a X-ray.Nano europium oxide itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga magalasi achikuda ndi zosefera zowonera, zida zosungira maginito, ndi zida zowongolera, zotchingira, ndi zida zamapangidwe a ma atomiki.Fine particle gadolinium europium oxide (Y2O3Eu3+) ufa wofiira wa fulorosenti unakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchitonano yttrium oxide (Y2O3) ndinano europium oxide (Eu2O3) ngati zopangira.Pokonzekeradziko losowatricolor fulorosenti ufa, anapeza kuti: (a) akhoza kusakaniza bwino ndi ufa wobiriwira ndi buluu ufa;(b) Kuchita bwino kwa zokutira;(c) Chifukwa cha kagawo kakang'ono ka ufa wofiira, malo enieniwo amawonjezeka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumawonjezeka, komwe kungachepetse kuchuluka kwa ufa wofiira womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchitodziko losowatricolor phosphors, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa mtengo.
Ntchito zake zazikuluzikulu zikuphatikizapo: 1. Madzi ake osungunuka a paramagnetic amatha kusintha chizindikiro cha magnetic resonance (NMR) cha thupi la munthu pa ntchito zachipatala.2. Base sulfure oxides angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati matrix grids kwa kuwala kwapadera oscilloscope machubu ndi X-ray fluorescence zowonetsera.3. Thenano gadolinium oxide in nano gadolinium oxidegallium garnet ndi gawo limodzi loyenera la maginito a kukumbukira kukumbukira kukumbukira.4. Pamene palibe Camot cycle malire, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati olimba-state maginito kuzirala sing'anga.5. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choletsa kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa ma chain reaction mumayendedwe amagetsi a nyukiliya kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo cha machitidwe a nyukiliya.Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchitonano gadolinium oxidendi nano lanthanum oxide pamodzi zimathandiza kusintha malo osinthira galasi ndikuwongolera kutentha kwa galasi.Nano gadolinium oxideitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga ma capacitor ndi ma X-ray intensifying skrini.Khama likuchitika padziko lonse lapansi kuti agwiritse ntchitonano gadolinium oxidendi ma aloyi ake mu kuziziritsa kwa maginito, ndipo zotsogola zapangidwa.
Nanometerterbium oxide (Tb4O7)
Magawo akuluakulu ogwiritsira ntchito ndi awa: 1. Fluorescent powder imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholumikizira cha ufa wobiriwira mumitundu itatu yoyambira ya fulorosenti, monga matrix a phosphate adamulowetsa.nano terbium oxide, silicate masanjidwewo adamulowetsa ndinano terbium oxide, ndi nano cerium magnesium aluminate masanjidwewo adamulowetsa ndinano terbium oxide, onse akutulutsa kuwala kobiriwira mu mkhalidwe wokondwa.2. M'zaka zaposachedwa, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko chachitikanano terbium oxidezida zopangira maginito-optical zosungirako maginito-optical.Chimbale cha magneto-optical chopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito filimu yopyapyala ya Tb-Fe amorphous monga chosungira pakompyuta imatha kuwonjezera mphamvu yosungirako nthawi 10-15.3. Magneto kuwala galasi, Faraday rotatory galasi munalinano terbium oxide, ndi chinthu chofunikira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma rotator, ma isolator, ndi mphete zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muukadaulo wa laser.Nano terbium oxidendi nano dysprosium iron oxide akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu sonar ndipo akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku machitidwe a jekeseni wa mafuta, kulamulira kwa valve yamadzimadzi, kuika malo ang'onoang'ono kupita ku makina opangira makina, makina, ndi mapiko oyendetsa ndege ndi ma telescopes.
Ntchito zazikulu zanano dysprosium oxide (Dy2O3) nano dysprosium oxidendi: 1.Nano dysprosium oxideamagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati fulorosenti ufa activator, ndi trivalentnano dysprosium oxidendi ion yochititsa chidwi yapakati pa luminescent imodzi yazinthu zitatu zoyambirira zamtundu wa luminescent.Amapangidwa makamaka ndi magulu awiri a emission, imodzi ndi yellow emission, ndipo ina ndi blue emission.Zinthu zopangira luminescent zimaphatikizidwanano dysprosium oxideangagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati atatu choyambirira mtundu fulorosenti ufa.2.Nano dysprosium oxidendi zofunika zitsulo zopangira pokonzekera lalikulu magnetostrictive aloyinano terbium oxidenano dysprosium iron oxide (Terfenol) aloyi, yomwe imatha kupangitsa kuti mayendedwe olondola azitha kuchitika.3.Nano dysprosium oxidechitsulo chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati magneto-optical yosungirako zinthu zokhala ndi liwiro lojambulira komanso kumvetsera kuwerenga.4. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekeranano dysprosium oxidenyali, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchitonano dysprosium oxidenyali ndinano dysprosium oxide.Nyali yamtunduwu ili ndi ubwino monga kuwala kwakukulu, mtundu wabwino, kutentha kwamtundu wapamwamba, kukula kochepa, ndi arc yokhazikika.Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero lowunikira mafilimu, kusindikiza, ndi ntchito zina zowunikira.5. Chifukwa chachikulu cha nyutroni kulanda mtanda wagawonano dysprosium oxide, amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani opanga mphamvu za atomiki kuyeza mawonekedwe a nyutroni kapena ngati chotengera nyutroni.
Ntchito zazikulu zanano holmium oxidezikuphatikizapo: 1. monga chowonjezera zitsulo halide nyali.Nyali za Metal halide ndi mtundu wa nyali zotulutsa mpweya zomwe zimapangidwa pamaziko a nyali zamphamvu kwambiri za mercury, zomwe zimadziwika ndi kudzaza babu ndi zosiyanasiyana.dziko losowahalidi.Pakali pano, ntchito yaikulu ndidziko losowaiodide, yomwe imatulutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yowoneka bwino panthawi yotulutsa mpweya.Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanganano holmium oxidenyali ndi iodizednano holmium oxide, yomwe imatha kukwaniritsa kuchuluka kwa maatomu achitsulo m'dera la arc, kuwongolera bwino kwambiri ma radiation.2.Nano holmium oxideitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera chachitsulo cha yttrium kapenayttrium aluminiyamugarnet;3.Nano holmium oxideangagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati yttrium iron aluminiyamu garnet (Ho: YAG) kutulutsa 2 μ M laser, minofu yaumunthu pa 2 μ Mlingo wa kuyamwa kwa m laser ndi wapamwamba, pafupifupi maulamuliro atatu apamwamba kuposa a Hd: YAG0.Chifukwa chake mukamagwiritsa ntchito Ho: YAG laser pakuchita opaleshoni yachipatala, sikuti kuchita bwino kwa opaleshoniyo komanso kulondola kungawongoleredwe, komanso malo owonongeka amafuta amatha kuchepetsedwa kukhala ochepa.Mtengo waulere wopangidwa ndinano holmium oxidemakhiristo amatha kuchotsa mafuta osatulutsa kutentha kwambiri, motero amachepetsa kuwonongeka kwamafuta athanzi.Amanenedwa kuti kugwiritsa ntchitonano holmium oxidelasers ku United States kuchiza glaucoma amatha kuchepetsa ululu wa odwala omwe akuchitidwa opaleshoni.4. Mu magnetostrictive aloyi Terfenol D, pang'ononano holmium oxideKomanso akhoza kuonjezedwa kuchepetsa kumunda kunja chofunika machulukitsidwe maginito aloyi.5. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zoyankhulirana zowoneka bwino monga ma fiber lasers, ma fiber amplifiers, ndi masensa a ulusi zitha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ulusi wopangidwa ndi fiber.nano holmium oxide, zomwe zidzathandiza kwambiri pakukula kwachangu kwa fiber optic communication masiku ano.
Ntchito zazikulu zanano erbium oxidezikuphatikizapo: 1. Kutulutsa kuwala kwa Er3 + pa 1550nm kuli ndi tanthauzo lapadera, chifukwa kutalika kwa mafundewa kuli bwino kwambiri pakutayika kotsika kwambiri kwa ulusi wa optical mu fiber optic communication.Pambuyo posangalatsidwa ndi kuwala pamtunda wa 980nm1480nm,nano erbium oxideions (Er3+) kusintha kuchokera ku nthaka 4115/2 kupita ku dziko lamphamvu kwambiri 4113/2, ndi kutulutsa kuwala kwa 1550nm wavelength pamene Er3 + pakusintha kwamphamvu kwambiri kubwerera ku nthaka, ulusi wa Quartz umatha kutumiza kuwala kosiyanasiyana. , koma kuchuluka kwa kuwala kwa kuwala kumasiyanasiyana.1550nm frequency band ya kuwala imakhala ndi mawonekedwe otsika kwambiri (ma decibel 0.15 pa kilomita) potumiza ulusi wa quartz, womwe ndi pafupifupi malire otsika kwambiri.Chifukwa chake, kulumikizana kwa fiber optic kukagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuwala kwazizindikiro pa 1550nm, kutayika kwa kuwala kumachepetsedwa.Mwa njira iyi, ngati yoyenera ndende yanano erbium oxidendi doped mu masanjidwewo oyenera, ndi amplifier akhoza kulipira zotayika mu machitidwe kulankhulana kutengera mfundo ya laser.Chifukwa chake, mumayendedwe apafoni omwe amafunikira kukulitsa ma siginecha a 1550nm,nano erbium oxideDoped fiber amplifiers ndi zida zofunika kwambiri zowonera.Panopa,nano erbium oxidedoped silica fiber amplifiers akhala akugulitsidwa.Malinga ndi malipoti, pofuna kupewa kuyamwa kopanda phindu, kuchuluka kwa doping kwa nano erbium oxide mu ulusi wa kuwala kumayambira makumi mpaka mazana a ppm.Kukula mwachangu kwa kulumikizana kwa fiber optic kudzatsegula magawo atsopano ogwiritsira ntchitonano erbium oxide.2. Komanso, laser makhiristo doped ndinano erbium oxidendi ma lasers awo a 1730nm ndi 1550nm ndi otetezeka kwa maso a anthu, okhala ndi ntchito yabwino yopatsirana mumlengalenga, kuthekera kolowera mwamphamvu kwa utsi wankhondo, chinsinsi chabwino, ndipo sadziwidwa ndi adani.Kusiyanitsa kwa kuwala pazifukwa zankhondo ndikokulirapo, ndipo cholumikizira cha laser chotengera chitetezo cha maso a anthu chapangidwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito pankhondo.3. Er3 + akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku galasi kuti apangedziko losowagalasi laser zipangizo, amene panopa olimba-boma laser zinthu ndi apamwamba linanena bungwe kugunda mphamvu ndi mphamvu linanena bungwe.4. Er3 + itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati ayoni woyambitsa wazinthu zosowa za laser zapadziko lapansi.5. Kuphatikiza apo,nano erbium oxideangagwiritsidwenso ntchito decolorization ndi mitundu magalasi maso ndi galasi crystalline.
Nanometer yttrium oxide (Y2O3)
Ntchito zazikulu zanano yttrium oxidezikuphatikizapo: 1. zowonjezera zitsulo ndi aloyi sanali ferrous.FeCr alloys nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi 0.5% mpaka 4%nano yttrium oxide, zomwe zingapangitse kukana kwa okosijeni ndi ductility zazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri;Pambuyo powonjezera kuchuluka koyenera kolemeranano yttrium oxidewosakanizidwadziko losowaku aloyi ya MB26, ntchito yonse ya aloyi yapita patsogolo kwambiri, ndipo imatha kusintha ma aloyi ena apakati amphamvu a aluminiyamu pazinthu zonyamula katundu;Kuwonjezera pang'ono nano yttriumosowa nthaka okusayidiku Al Zr aloyi akhoza kusintha madutsidwe a aloyi;Aloyi izi wakhala anatengera ambiri m'nyumba mawaya mafakitale;Kuwonjezeranano yttrium oxidekuti kasakaniza wazitsulo zamkuwa bwino madutsidwe ndi makina mphamvu.2. Muli 6%nano yttrium oxidendi zotayidwa 2% pakachitsulo nitride ceramic zinthu angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga zigawo zikuluzikulu injini.3. Gwiritsani ntchito 400 wattnano neodymium oxidealuminiyamu garnet laser mtengo kuchita processing makina monga kubowola, kudula, ndi kuwotcherera zigawo zikuluzikulu.4. Chophimba cha electron microscope fluorescent chopangidwa ndi Y-Al garnet single crystal wafers chimakhala ndi kuwala kwa fulorosenti, kuyamwa kochepa kwa kuwala kobalalika, kukana bwino kutentha kwakukulu ndi kuvala kwa makina.5. mkulunano yttrium oxidema aloyi opangidwa ndi 90%nano gadolinium oxideangagwiritsidwe ntchito pa ndege ndi ntchito zina zimene zimafuna otsika kachulukidwe ndi mkulu kusungunuka.6. Kutentha kwambiri kwa pulotoni kuchititsa zipangizo zomwe zili ndi 90%nano yttrium oxidendizofunika kwambiri popanga ma cell amafuta, ma electrolytic cell, ndi zida zowonera mpweya zomwe zimafunikira kusungunuka kwa haidrojeni wambiri.Kuphatikiza apo,nano yttrium oxideamagwiritsidwanso ntchito monga mkulu-kutentha kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa zakuthupi, ndi diluent kwa atomiki riyakitala mafuta, ndi zowonjezera kwa okhazikika maginito zipangizo, ndi monga getter mu makampani amagetsi.
Kuwonjezera pamwamba, nanoosowa nthaka oxidesitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito muzovala zokhala ndi thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe.Kuchokera kugawo la kafukufuku wamakono, onse ali ndi njira ina: kukana kuwala kwa ultraviolet;Kuipitsa mpweya ndi cheza cha ultraviolet sachedwa matenda a khungu ndi khansa;Kupewa kuipitsidwa kumapangitsa kukhala kovuta kuti zowononga zimamatire ku zovala;Kafukufuku akuchitikanso pankhani ya kutchinjiriza kwa kutentha.Chifukwa cha kuuma komanso kukalamba kosavuta kwa chikopa, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mawanga pamasiku amvula.Kuthamanga ndi nanoosowa dziko lapansi cerium okusayidiimatha kupanga chikopa chofewa, chocheperako kukalamba komanso nkhungu, komanso kuvala bwino kwambiri.Zida za nanocoating zakhalanso mutu wovuta kwambiri pakufufuza kwa nanomaterial m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndikuwunika kwambiri zokutira zogwira ntchito.United States imagwiritsa ntchito 80nmY2O3monga chotchingira chotchinga cha infrared, chomwe chimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri powonetsa kutentha.CeO2ali mkulu refractive index ndi mkulu bata.Litinano osowa dziko lapansi yttrium okusayidi, nano lanthanum oxide ndinano cerium oxideufa umawonjezeredwa ku zokutira, khoma lakunja limatha kukana kukalamba.Chifukwa zokutira kunja kwa khoma kumakonda kukalamba ndikugwa chifukwa cha utoto womwe umakhala ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi kuwala kwanthawi yayitali kwa mphepo ndi dzuwa, kuwonjezeracerium oxidendiyttrium oxideimatha kukana cheza cha ultraviolet, ndipo kukula kwake ndi kochepa kwambiri.Nano cerium oxideimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chotsitsa cha ultraviolet, chikuyembekezeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza kukalamba kwa zinthu zapulasitiki chifukwa cha cheza cha ultraviolet, komanso kukalamba kwa UV kwa akasinja, magalimoto, zombo, akasinja osungira mafuta, ndi zina zambiri, ndikuchita nawo gawo. m'zikwangwani zazikulu zakunja
Chitetezo chabwino kwambiri ndi chakuti mkati mwa khoma wokutira kuti muteteze nkhungu, chinyezi, ndi kuipitsa, chifukwa kukula kwake ndi kochepa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti fumbi likhale lovuta kumamatira kukhoma ndipo likhoza kupukuta ndi madzi.Palinso ntchito zambiri za nanoosowa nthaka oxideszomwe zimafunikira kafukufuku wowonjezereka ndi chitukuko, ndipo tikukhulupirira moona mtima kuti mawa adzakhala opambana.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-03-2023