Kodi Barium, ndi chiyani, ndi momwe angayesere barium?

M'matsenga.mphalaNthawi zonse zakopa chidwi cha asayansi ndi chithumwa chake chapadera ndi ntchito yayikulu. Ngakhale chinthu chachitsulo choyera ichi sichili bwino ngati golide kapena siliva, limakhala ndi gawo lofunikira m'minda yambiri. Kuchokera pazida zopepuka zasayansi a labotale zopangira zida zopangira mu mafakitale ku ma reamile a zamankhwala, Baruilla walemba nthano ya umisala ndi zinthu zake zapadera.

Pofika pafupifupi 1602, Cassio Lauro, wowotcha mu mzinda wa polyra wa polyra wa ku Italy, wokazinga rite wokhala ndi barium sungunula ndi chinthu choyaka poyesera ndipo adayamba kuwala mumdima. Kupeza kumeneku kunachititsa chidwi pakati pa akatswiri panthawiyo, mwalawo unatchedwa mwala wa porra ndipo unayamba kufufuzidwa ndi akatswiri azamisala aku Europe.

Komabe, anali Sekele ya Sweden ya Sweden yemwe adatsimikiziradi kuti Barium inali yatsopano. Adapeza Baruum oxide mu 1774 ndikuwatcha "Barryta" (zolemera)). Anaphunziranso izi mozama ndipo amakhulupirira kuti anali padziko lapansi latsopano (oxide) lophatikizidwa ndi sulfuric acid. Patatha zaka ziwiri, adatentha kwambiri dothi latsopanoli ndipo adapeza oxide oxide. Kupeza izi kunawonetsa chitsimikiziro cha Bariberi ngati chinthu chachitsulo, komanso anatsegulanso ulendo wogwiritsa ntchito barium m'magawo osiyanasiyana.

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, anthu amawathandiza mosalekeza kuti amvetsetse za barium. Asayansi afufuza zinsinsi za chilengedwe ndikulimbikitsa kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo pophunzira zinthu ndi machitidwe a Barium. Kugwiritsa ntchito batala m'fukufuku wasayansi, makampani, ndi minda yazachipatala, imayamba kukula kwambiri, kubweretsa mwayi komanso kutonthoza mtima wamunthu.

Kukongola kwa barium kumangokhala kothandiza kwake, komanso mchinsinsi chasayansi kumbuyo kwake. Asayansi asintha mosalekeza zinsinsi za chilengedwe ndipo analimbikitsa kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo pophunzira zinthu ndi machitidwe a Barium. Nthawi yomweyo, arrium amatenganso mwakachetechete pamoyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku, kubweretsa mwayi ndi kutonthoza miyoyo yathu. Tiyeni tiyambe ntchito yamatsenga yofufuza ma rium, osawululira chophimba chodabwitsa, ndikuyamikira chithumwa chake. M'nkhani yotsatirayi, tikambirana zinthu ndi ntchito za barium, komanso gawo lake lothandiza pakufufuza zasayansi, makampani, ndi mankhwala. Ndikhulupirira kuti powerenga nkhaniyi, mudzakhala ndi chidwi kwambiri cha barium.

1. Kugwiritsa ntchito barium

Mphalandi gawo lofala. Ndi chitsulo choyera-choyera chomwe chilipo mu mawonekedwe amtundu wa michere yambiri. Izi ndi zina za barium tsiku lililonse.

Kuyaka ndi Kuwala: Barium ndi chitsulo chogwira kwambiri chomwe chimatulutsa lawi lowoneka bwino mukakumana ndi ammonia kapena mpweya. Izi zimapangitsa ma barum kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani monga zozimitsa moto, flares, ndi zopanga phosphor.

Makampani azachipatala: Corium ndi amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pamakampani. Barrium zakudya (monga mapiritsi mapiritsi) amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayeso am'mimba a X-ray kuti athandize madokotala kuti athandize kugwira ntchito zamagetsi. Barium mankhwala amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamakina ena othandizira, monga ayodini azomwe amachiritsira matenda a chithokomiro.
Galasi ndi Ceramic: Corium Cources nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito mugalasi ndi deramic kupanga chifukwa cha malo awo osungunuka ndi kukana. Barium pazinthu zimapangitsa kuuma ndi kulimba kwa ma ceramics ndipo kumatha kupereka zinthu zina zapadera, monga kutchinga kwamagetsi komanso njira zokhazikika. Zitsulo Zowonetsera: Barium imatha kupanga mawonekedwe ndi zinthu zina zachitsulo, ndipo olosera awa ali ndi malo ena apadera. Mwachitsanzo, mabiramu amayendetsa bwino kwambiri a aluminiyamu ndi magnesium polosi, zimapangitsa kuti azitha kusintha ndikutaya. Kuphatikiza apo, mabira aboma amathandizira kuti maginito azamagalitsidwe amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga ma mbale a batire komanso zida zamagetsi.

Barium ndi gawo la mankhwala omwe ali ndi zilembo za ma atomic 56. Barium ndi chitsulo cham'dziko la anthu 66 ndipo chili pagulu 6 la patebulo la nyengo, gulu lalikulu.
2. Katundu wa baruum
Barium (Ba) ndi chinthu cha zitsulo zapadziko lapansi
1. Maonekedwe: Barium ndi chitsulo choyera, choyera choyera chokhala ndi chotupa chosiyana mukamadula.
2. Chuma: Barium ili ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri kwa 3.5 g / cm³. Ndi imodzi mwa zitsulo zopatsa mphamvu padziko lapansi.
3.
4. Kuukirana: Barium ndi chitsulo chofewa chokhala ndi kuuma kwa madio pafupifupi 1.25 pa madigiri 20 Celsius.
5. Zochititsa chidwi: Barium ndi wotsogolera magetsi okhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino.
6. Dukidity: Ngakhale Barium ndi chitsulo chofewa, ili ndi digiri inayake ndipo imatha kukonzedwa m'matayala owonda kapena mawaya.
7.. Ntchito yamankhwala: Barium simachita zinthu mosavuta ndi zitsulo zambiri ndi zitsulo zambiri kutentha, koma zimakonda ma oxisisi pamatenthedwe otentha komanso mlengalenga. Itha kupanga zinthu zina ndi zinthu zambiri zopanda zitsulo, monga ma olima, sulfides, etc.
8. Mitundu ya kukhalapo: michere yokhala ndi barium yomwe ikuphulika padziko lapansi, monga rite (barium sulfate), etc.
9. Mwayilesi: Barium ili ndi ma iyotosopes osiyanasiyana ojambula, omwe ndi nduli ya railla-133 ndi Inopope wodziwika bwino wamankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polingalira zamankhwala ndi mapulogalamu a nyukiliya.
10. Mapulogalamu: Corrium ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani, monga galasi, mphira, machubu a elekitoni, ndi zina zambiri. Barium ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe katundu amapanga amazigwiritsa ntchito kwambiri m'minda yambiri.

3. Mankhwala a mankhwala a barium
Mitundu ya menillic: Barium ndi cholimba chachitsulo chokhala ndi mawonekedwe oyera oyera ndi mawonekedwe abwino.

Kuchulukitsa ndi malo osungunuka: Barium ndi gawo lokhazikika ndi kachulukidwe ka 3.51 g / cm3. Barium ali ndi malo otsala pafupifupi 727 digiri Celsius (1341 madigiri Fahrenheit).

Chisiririka: Baruum amagwira mwachangu kwambiri zinthu zambiri zosagwirizana, makamaka ndi zopinga (monga chlorine (monga chlorine ndi bromine), kupanga barum yolingana. Mwachitsanzo, mabira akani ndi chlorine kuti apange barium chloride.
Matolo: Barium amatha kukhala oxidid kuti apange barium oxide. Barwar oxide amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani monga kuthirira zitsulo ndi kupanga galasi.
Ntchito yayikulu: Barium ili ndi ntchito yayikulu yamankhwala ndipo imayamwa mosavuta ndi madzi kuti amasule hydrogen ndikupanga baruum hydroxide.

4..

Udindo wa bariological zinthu za barium mu zolengedwa sizimamvetseka, koma zimadziwika kuti marrium ali ndi vuto lililonse ku zolengedwa.

Njira zopangira: anthu makamaka amapatsa barium kudzera pa chakudya ndi madzi akumwa. Zakudya zina zimatha kukhala ndi barium, monga mbewu, nyama, ndi mkaka. Kuphatikiza apo, madzi apansi nthawi zina amakhala ndi barium yambiri.
Kukondana kwachilengedwe ndi kagayidwe kazinthu: Barium amatha kulowetsedwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimagawidwa m'thupi kudzera m'magazi. Barium makamaka amadziunjikira mu impso ndi mafupa, makamaka m'malo okwera mafupa.
Ntchito yachilengedwe: Barium sanapezekebe kuti ali ndi ntchito zofunikira pamoyo mu zolengedwa. Chifukwa chake, ntchito yachibadwa ya rium imatsutsana.

5..
Kuopsa: Kukhazikika kwakukulu kwa ma barum aons kapena barium ndi poizoni kwa thupi la munthu. Kuchulukana kwambiri kwa mabira kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa pachiwopsezo, kuphatikizapo kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba, kufooka kwa minofu, ethythmia, kuwonongeka kwa impso ndi mavuto amtima.
Kudzikuza kwamafupa: Baruwa amatha kudziunjikira m'mafupa mu thupi la munthu, makamaka okalamba. Kudziwitsa Kwathu kwa nthawi yayitali kwa arrium kungayambitse matenda mafupa monga anyezi. Kuchulukana kwambiri kwa Barium kumatha kuyambitsa mitima yamitima yachilendo ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha mtima.
Carcinogenicity: Ngakhale mikangano ilibe yokhudza carcinogenicity wa barium, maphunziro ena awonetsa kuti kuyanjana kwambiri ndi barium, ngakhale kuti khansa yam'mimba ndi khansa yam'mimba komanso khansa ya ESophegeal. Chifukwa cha kuopsa komanso kuwopsa kwa mabiramu, anthu ayenera kusamala kuti asamale kudya kwambiri kapena nthawi yayitali ku barium. Barum woipa akumwa kumwa madzi ndi chakudya ayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikuwongolera kuteteza thanzi la anthu. Ngati mukukayikira poyizoni kapena kukhala ndi zizindikiro zokhudzana, chonde pitani kuchipatala msanga.

6. Barium mu chilengedwe

Birium Minerals: Barium imatha kupezeka padziko lapansi mawonekedwe a mchere. Makampani ena wamba a mariyamwa amaphatikizapo birite ndi Witite. Izi zimapezeka kawirikawiri ndi michere ina, monga mtovu, zinki, ndi siliva.

Kusungunuka m'madzi ndi miyala: Barium imatha kupezeka m'madzi ndi miyala mu dziko losungunuka. Madzi apansi amakhala ndi barium yosungunuka, ndipo kukhazikika kwake kumadalira mikhalidwe yazigawo ndi mankhwala a thupi lamadzi.

Barliam mchere: Barium imatha kupanga mchere wosiyanasiyana, monga barium chloride, barium nitrate, ndi barbowate. Izi zimapezeka mwachilengedwe monga mchere wachilengedwe.

Zomwe zili mudothi: Barium imatha kupezeka munthaka mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imachokera kudera lachilengedwe kapena kusungunuka kwa miyala. Barium nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsika kwambiri m'nthaka, koma itha kukhalapo m'malo ena.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kupezeka kwa barium kumatha kusiyanasiyana m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kotero mikhalidwe yapadera ndi ya geolography iyenera kuganiziridwa pokambirana za Barium.

7.. Ma barum migodi ndi kupanga
Njira ya Migodi ndi Kukonzekera kwa Barium nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi njira zotsatirazi:
1. Migodi ya bar Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka padziko lapansi ndipo zimagawidwa kwambiri m'miyala ndikuyika malo padziko lapansi. Migod nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo kuwotcha, migodi, kuphwanya ndikukula kwa ore kuti mupeze barfate.
2. Kukonzekera kwa chidwi: Kupeza Barium ku Barium Ore amafunika kuyang'ana kwambiri mankhwala a ore. Kukonzekera kwapafupi nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo kusankha kwa dzanja ndikutulutsa njira zochotsera zodetsa ndikupeza zochulukirapo zoposa 96% barfate sulfate.
3. Kukonzekera kwa barium sulfate: Kukhazikika kumayendetsedwa ndi zinthu monga chitsulo ndi sisilicon kuti zitheke pa barium sulfate (Bado4).
4. Kukonzekera kwa barium sulfide: Pofuna kukonzekeretsa barium ku barfate, ndikofunikira kutembenukira barium sulfate, imadziwikanso kuti phulusa lakuda. Barfate sulfate ufa wokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono osakwana 20 mesh nthawi zambiri umasakanizidwa ndi malasha kapena mafuta a petroleum coke ufa muyezo wa 4: 1. Osakaniza amasungidwa pa 1100 ℃ mu ng'anjo yobwereka, ndipo barbiate sulfate imachepetsedwa ku barium sulfide.
5. Kusungunula barium sulfide: Barium sulfide yankho la barium sulfate amatha kupezeka ndi madzi otentha amadzi.
6. Kukonzekera kwa baryaum oxide: kuti atembenukire barium sulfide kulowa mu barbonate, sodicor carbonate kapena kaboni dayokisi nthawi zambiri amawonjezeredwa pa yankho la barium sulfide. Pambuyo posakaniza barbonate ya carbonate ndi kaboni, kuwerengeredwa pa 800 ℃ kumatha kupanga barium oxide.
7. Kuzizirana ndi kukonza: ziyenera kudziwika kuti barum oxide oxidi kuti apange baroxide pa 500-700 ℃, ndipo barium peroxide imatha kupanga barium oxide pa 700-800 ℃. Pofuna kupewa kupanga barium peroxide, mankhwalawa amayenera kukhazikika kapena kusinthidwa pansi pa chitetezo cha bat.

Zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi njira yayikulu komanso yokonzekera barium. Njira izi zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana kutengera njira zopangira mafakitale ndi zida, koma mfundo zake zonse zimakhalabe chimodzimodzi. Barium ndichitsulo chofunikira kwambiri ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana ogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo makampani, mankhwala, electronics, etc.

8. Njira zodziwika bwino za barium
Barium ndi gawo lodziwika bwino lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pamagawo osiyanasiyana a mafakitale komanso asayansi. Mu chemistry chemistry, njira zopezera barium nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kusanthula koyenera komanso kusanthula kokwanira. Izi ndi mawu atsatanetsatane kwa njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Barium:
1. Flome atomic mayamwidwe owoneka bwino (fas): Iyi ndi njira yophunzirira kwambiri kwa zitsanzo zokhala ndi zochitika zapamwamba. Njira yothetsera zitsanzo zimaphatikizidwa mu lawi, ndipo ma atomu a barum amatenga kuwala kwa mawonekedwe enaake. Kuwala koyandikana kumayesedwa ndipo ndizofanana ndi ndende ya barium.
2. Lawisi latomiki limayesedwa (Faes): Njira iyi imazindikira Barium pothira njira yothira moto, yosangalatsa ma atomu a ma atomu kuti awone bwino. Poyerekeza ndi Faas, ma failo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira zovuta za barium.
3. Atomiki Flurescence Spertrometry (AAAS): Njira iyi ndiyofanana ndi Fluoresson Spectrometer kuti muwone kukhalapo kwa barium. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza kuchuluka kwa barium.

4. Ion chromatography: Njirayi ndiyoyenera kuwunika barium m'madzi. Barium iyos amalekanitsidwa ndikuwonekera ndi ion chromaphiphi. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza mabiramu ndende m'matumbo ammadzi.

5. X-ray fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF): Iyi ndi njira yopenda yopanda chonyansa yoyenera kupezeka kwa Barium mu zitsanzo. Pambuyo pa sampleyo amasangalala ndi X-rays, ma atomu a barums amatulutsa mawu anzeru, ndipo barium zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndikuyeza bwino kwambiri molumala.

6. Sportmetry: Misa Spectombitry ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa kapangidwe ka asotopic ya barotopic. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popenda kwambiri ndipo imatha kudziwa zambiri za barium.

Zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi zina mwa njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza barium. Njira yofunikira kusankha zimatengera mtundu wa chitsanzocho, mitundu ya barium, ndi cholinga chowunikira. Ngati mukufuna zina zambiri kapena mukhale ndi mafunso ena, chonde dziwani kuti ndidziwitse. Njirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu labotale ndi mafakitale ogwiritsira ntchito molondola komanso modekha ndikuwona kukhalapo ndi kukhazikika kwa barium. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito imatengera mtundu wa zitsanzo zomwe zikufunika kuyezedwa, mitundu ya barium yomwe ilipo, komanso cholinga chenicheni.

9. Njira ya atomim atomic for calcium muyeso

Muyezo wa chinthu, njira ya atomiam imalondola kwambiri komanso kukhutaka, ndipo zimapereka njira yothandiza pophunzira zinthu zamankhwala, zopangidwa. Malingaliro ake ali motere: Konzani zitsanzo kuti ziyesedwe. Konzani zitsanzo za chinthu kuti muyesedwe mu yankho, zomwe zimafunikira kutsukidwa ndi asidi wosakaniza kuti muchepetse. Malinga ndi zomwe zitsanzo zimayesedwa komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimayesedwa, sankhani mawonekedwe abwino a atomu.
Sinthani magawo a atomiki a atomu. Malinga ndi zomwe zidayesedwa komanso zolaula, sinthani magawo a mawonekedwe a atomiki, kuphatikizapo gwero lopepuka, atomizer, wowunikira, etc.
Yerekezerani kuyamwa kwa chinthucho. Ikani zitsanzo kuti ziyesedwe mu atomizer, ndikuwunika kwa emit zopepuka za chiwonetsero chapadera. Zomwe zimayesedwa zimatha kuyamwa ma radiations omwewa ndikupanga kusintha kwamphamvu. Yerekezerani kuyamwa kwa chinthu chasiliva kudzera mu chojambula. Kuwerengetsa zomwe zili patsamba. Zomwe zili patsamba zimawerengedwa kutengera kuyanjana ndi kupindika. Otsatirawa ndi magawo enieni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chida chowerengera zinthu.

Muyezo: kapena bacto2 kapena bacy2h2o.
Njira: Kuwala molondola 0.1778g Bacl2 · 22o, sungunulani madzi ochepa, ndikupanga 100ml. The ba ndende iyi ndi 1000μg / ml. Sungani mu botolo la polyethylene kutali ndi kuwala.
Mtundu Wawi: mpweya-acetylene, Lawi Wolemera.
Magawo owunikira: fundeldength (nm) 553.6
Spectral Bandwidth (NM) 0.2
Zosefera 0.3
Chiwopsezo Cholimbikitsidwa (Ma) 5
Voliyumu yayikulu (v) 393.00
Kutalika kwa mutu wa Burner (mm) 10
Nthawi Yophatikizira (s) 3
Kupanikizika kwa mpweya ndikuyenda (MPA, ML / Min) 0.24
Kupanikizika kwa Acetylene ndikuyenda (MPA, ML / Min) 0.05, 2200
Mitundu ya mzere (μg / ml) 3 ~ 400
Codear Collectal Coe -.9967
Kuzunzidwa (μg / ml) 7.333
DZIKO LAPANSI (μg / ml) 1.0rsd (%) 0.27
Njira Njira Njira Yopitilira Njira
Yankho acintity 0.5% hno3

Fomu Yoyeserera:

Calbibration curve:

Mtundu wawi: nitrous oxide-acetylene, lawi lambiri
.Anulysisis: Highlethth: 553.6
Spectral Bandwidth (NM) 0.2
See free 0.6
Chiwopsezo Chotsimikizika Pano (Ma) 6.0
Voliyumu yayikulu kwambiri (v) 374.5
Kutalika kwa mutu woyatsira (mm) 13
Nthawi Yophatikizira (s) 3
Kupanikizika kwa mpweya ndikuyenda (mp, ml / min) 0.25, 5100
Kupanikizika kwa nitrous oxide ndi kuyenda (mp, ml / min) 0.1, 5300
Kupanikizika kwa Acetylene ndikuyenda (mp, ml / min) 0.1, 4600
Kuphatikizira Countlation Coe -.9998
Kuzunzika (μg / ml) 0.379
Njira Njira Njira Yopitilira Njira
Yankho acintity 0.5% hno3

Fomu Yoyeserera:

Calbibration curve:

Zosokoneza: Barium imasokonezedwa ndi phosphate, silicon ndi aluminium mu lawi la ndege, koma zosokoneza izi zitha kugonjetsedwa mu nitrous oxide-acetylene lawi. 80% ya ba imayikidwa mu nitrous wawisi-acetylene lawi, motero 2000μg / ml yazikulu, iyi ndi yodabwitsa koma yakhala ikusewera gawo lake m'miyoyo yathu. Kuchokera pazida zopenya zasayansi za kafukufuku wasayansi wazinthu zopangira zida za mafakitale, ku zoyeserera zofufuzira, barum yapereka chithandizo chofunikira kwa minda yambiri ndi katundu wake wapadera.
Komabe, monga ndalama iliyonse ili ndi mbali ziwiri, mankhwala a Barium nawonso nawonso nawonso azolowera. Chifukwa chake, mukamagwiritsa ntchito mabiramu, tiyenera kukhalabe maso kuti tigwiritse ntchito bwino kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndikupewa kuvulala kosafunikira ku chilengedwe ndi thupi la munthu.
Kuyang'ana m'mbuyo paulendo wofufuza za barium, sitingathandize koma ndimauzidwa pachinsinsi chake. Sikuti kafukufuku wofufuzira asayansi okha, komanso wothandizira wamphamvu pa akatswiri, ndi malo owala m'munda wa mankhwala. Kuyang'ana M'tsogolo, tikuyembekezera Barium kuti apitirizebe kubweretsa zodabwitsa ndi kuphatikiza kwa anthu ndi ukadaulo wambiri, koma ndingathe kuwonetsa bwino, owerenga amamvetsetsa bwino za barium. Tiyeni tiyembekezere ntchito yodabwitsa kwambiri ya barium mtsogolo ndipo tithandizire kwambiri kupita patsogolo ndi chitukuko cha anthu.

Kuti mumve zambiri kapena kufunsa kuyeretsa kwambiri 99.9% barbium chitsulo, olandilidwa kuti mulumikizane nawo pansipa:

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