Pamene tikuwunikira dziko lodabwitsa la zinthu,Erbiumzimakopa chidwi chathu ndi malo ake apadera ndi mtengo womwe ungagwiritse ntchito. Kuchokera kunyanja yakuya kupita kumalo akunja, kuchokera ku zida zamagetsi zamakono ku Green Technology, kugwiritsa ntchitoErbiumMu gawo la sayansi likupitiliza kukulitsa, kuwonetsa phindu lake losayerekezeka.
Erbium adapezeka ndi atsesa a Sweden mu 1843 popenday yntrium. Poyambirira anatcha oxide wa erbium mongaTerbium oxide,Chifukwa cha mabuku achijeremani achijeremani, trebium oxide ndi erbium oxide adasokonezeka.
Sizinali zitatha 1860 kuti zidakonzedweratu. Munthawi yomweyoLanthanumadapezedwa, andender adasanthula ndipo adaphunzira zomwe adapeza poyambaYNTrium, ndikufalitsa lipoti mu 1842, kufotokozera komwe koyambiriraYNTriumsanali chinthu chimodzi cha oxide, koma ma oxide a zinthu zitatu. Adayitanitsa imodzi ya izo kttrium, ndikutchedwa m'modzi wa iwoerbia(Erbium lapansi). Chizindikiro cha chinthucho chimakhazikitsidwa ngatiEr. Amatchedwa malo pomwe Ytttrium Ore adapezeka koyamba, tawuni yaying'ono ya yter pafupi ndi Stockholm, Sweden. Kupezeka kwa Erbium ndi zinthu zina ziwiri,Lanthanumndimnyanga, adatsegula khomo lachiwiri kuti adziwezinthu zachilengedwe zapadziko lapansi, chomwe ndi gawo lachiwiri lopezeka ndi zomwe zachitika padziko lapansi. Zomwe adapezazo ndi gawo lachitatu la zinthu zomwe zidachitika pambuyo pakeceumndiYNTrium.
Masiku ano, tiyamba kuyendayenda limodzi kuti timvetsetse zinthu za erbium ndi ntchito yamakono.
Magawo a ntchito za erbium
1. Tekinolo ya laser:Dera la Erbium limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ukadaulo wa laser, makamaka mu lasers olimba. Erbium ions imatha kutulutsa ma lasers okhala ndi microns pafupifupi 1.5 mic love Laser Laser, yomwe ndi yofunikira kwambiri mayanjano ngati makonda ndi opaleshoni yamankhwala.
2. Mayanjano olumikizana:Popeza Erbium Demement ikhoza kupanga mafunde omwe amafunikira kugwirira ntchito kulumikizana kwa fiber-shartic, kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mikono yokazinga. Izi zimathandiza kukulitsa mtunda waulendo ndi mphamvu ya zowoneka bwino ndikusintha magwiridwe antchito ocheza nawo.
3. Ochita opaleshoni ya zamankhwala:Erbium Lasers amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu gawo la zamankhwala, makamaka kudula minofu ndi kuphunzitsa. Kusankha kwa mafunde ake kumapangitsa Erbium Lasers kuti atengere bwino ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita opaleshoni yofunika kwambiri, monga opaleshoni ya ophathami.
4. Zipangizo zamagetsi ndi maginito oganiza bwino (MRI):Kuphatikiza kwa ebilium kumatsenga kumatha kusintha maginito awo, kuwapangitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito poyerekeza maginito (MRI). Zida za Maginito -owonjezera-zowonjezera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posintha zithunzi za MRI.
5.Erbium imagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu owaza mawonedwe. Powonjezera Erbium to theresmufar, phindu limatha kupezeka mu kachitidweko, kuwonjezera mphamvu ndi kukwera kutali kwa chizindikiro cha kuwala.
6. Makampani aku nyukiliya:Esotope-167 Isotope ali ndi gawo lalitali la Neutron, kotero limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la neutron mu malonda anyukiliya amapezeka pa neutron zowunikira nyukiliya.
7.. Kufufuza ndi Laboratories:Erbium imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholembera chapadera komanso cholembera mu labotale pakufufuza ndi labotale. Katundu wake wapadera ndi maginito amapangitsa kuti ikhale gawo lofunikira pakufufuza kwa sayansi.
Erbium amatenga nawo mbali mu sayansi ndi ukadaulo wamakono komanso zamankhwala, ndipo zida zake zapadera zimapereka chithandizo chofunikira pamapulogalamu osiyanasiyana.
Katundu wa erbium
Maonekedwe: Erbium ndi chitsulo choyera, cholimba.
Kuchulukitsa: Erbium ali ndi kachulukidwe pafupifupi 9.066 g / cm3. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti Erbium ndi wachitsulo wowerengeka.
Malo osungunuka: Erbium ali ndi malo osungunuka 1,529 Celsius (2,784 madigiri Fahres). Izi zikutanthauza kuti pa kutentha kwambiri, Erbium ikhoza kusintha kuchokera ku dziko lolimba kupita kudera lamadzi.
Malo owiritsa: Erbium ali ndi malo otentha a 2,870 madigiri Celsius (5,198 madigiri). Ili ndiye mfundo yomwe erbium yosinthira kuchokera ku madzi kudera lamadzi kupita kudera lamagetsi pamphumi kwambiri.
Makhalidwe: Erbium ndi amodzi mwa zitsulo zopangidwa kwambiri ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe abwino.
Maginito: Kutentha kwa chipinda, Erbium ndi zinthu za Ferromaagnet. Imawonetsa Ferromagnetm Pansi pa kutentha kwina, koma imataya malowa pabwino kwambiri.
Kanthu kanthawi: Erbium ili ndi nthawi yayikulu kwambiri, yomwe imapangitsa kuti zizikhala zofunikira m'maginito ndi maginito.
Kapangidwe ka kristalo: kutentha kwa firiji, kapangidwe kake ka erbichi ndi kuchotsa pafupi kwambiri. Izi zimakhudza mawonekedwe ake mu dziko lolimba.
Zochita zamatenthedwe: Erbium ili ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, omwe akuwonetsa kuti amagwira bwino ntchito zamafuta.
Radiaapangani Mayiko: Erbium yomwe si chinthu chovomerezeka cha radila, ndipo iyotopes yake yokhazikika ndi yochuluka.
Zowoneka bwino: Erbium imawonetsa kuyamwa ndi mizere yopanda zigawo zowoneka komanso pafupi ndi ukadaulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zothandiza ukadaulo wa laser ndi mawonedwe owoneka bwino.
Mphamvu zochokera ku Erbium zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri muukadaulo wa laser, kulumikizana kolondola, mankhwala ndi minda ina yasayansi ndi yasayansi.
Mankhwala a erbium
Chizindikiro cha mankhwala: Chizindikiro cha ma erbium ndi er.
Mkhalidwe wa oxidation: Erbium nthawi zambiri imakhalapo mu makutidwe a +3 oxidation, omwe ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri oxidation. M'mapanga, Erbium ikhoza kupanga ER ^ 3 ma anyezi.
Kubwereka: Erbium ndi yokhazikika kutentha kwa firiji, koma idzakhala yoyamwa pang'onopang'ono mlengalenga. Imagwira pang'onopang'ono pamadzi ndi ma acid, kotero imatha kukhala yokhazikika m'mapulogalamu ena.
Kusungunuka: Erbium imasungunuka mu inorguc acids kuti apange mchere wofanana wa Erbium.
Kuchita ndi mpweya: Erbium amachita ndi mpweya wabwino kuti apange oxides, makamakaEr2o3 (Erbium Dioxide). Ili ndi lofiira lofiira lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'ma glazes ndi mapulogalamu ena.
Kuchita ndi Halogens: Erbium ikhoza kuchitirana ndi ma halogens kuti apange kholo lolingana, mongaErbium fluoride (Erf3), Erbium chloride (Ercl3), etc.
Kuchita ndi sulufule: Erbium ikhoza kuchitira ndi sulufule kuti apange sulfides, mongaerbium sulfide (er2s3).
Kuchita ndi nayitrogeni: Erbium amachita ndi nayitrogeni kuti apangeErbium nitride (ern).
Zovuta: Erbium imapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana, makamaka yamankhwala yamankhwala. Zovuta izi zimakhala ndi phindu la ntchito ku catalysis ndi minda ina.
Isotopes yokhazikika: Erbium ili ndi ma iyotopees angapo, omwe ambiri omwe amakhala Er-166. Kuphatikiza apo, Erbium ali ndi iyotopies inayake ya ma yilesi, koma kuchuluka kwawo kuli kochepa.
Mankhwala a chinthucho erbium amapangitsa kuti ikhale chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamapulogalamu ambiri apamwamba, kuwonetsa kusintha kwake m'minda yosiyanasiyana.
Zachilengedwe za erbium
Erbium ili ndi zinthu zochepa zachilengedwe zolengedwa, koma kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti zitha kutenga nawo mbali njira zina zachilengedwe.
Kupezeka Kwachilengedwe: Erbium ndi gawo la zinthu zambiri, koma bioavailability mu zolengedwa ndizochepa.LanthanumMasuon ndi ovuta kulowetsedwa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zolengedwa, motero samakhala ndi gawo lofunikira mu zolengedwa.
Kuopsa: Erbium nthawi zambiri amatengedwa kuti akhale ndi poizoni wochepa, makamaka poyerekeza ndi zina zapadziko lonse lapansi. Mafuta a Erbichium amawonedwa ngati osavulaza m'malo ena. Komabe, woipa wa Lanthanum wa Lanthanhanu amatha kukhala ndi zoopsa pamoyo, monga kuwonongeka kwa maselo ndi kusokonezedwa ndi zomwe zingasokoneze ntchito zathupi.
Kutenga Zinthu Mwadzidzidzi: Ngakhale kuti Erbium ali ndi ntchito zochepa pazolengedwa, maphunziro ena awonetsa kuti mwina atha kutenga nawo mbali mwanjira zina zachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, maphunziro ena asonyeza kuti Erbium atha kuchita mbali ina yolimbikitsa kukula ndi maluwa azomera.
Ntchito Zachipatala: Erbium ndi mankhwala ake alinso ndi ntchito zina mu chipatala. Mwachitsanzo, Erbium itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza radioniclides, monga wosiyanitsa ndi womugwirizira m'mimba, komanso monga owonjezera owonjezera mankhwala ena. M'magawo a zamankhwala, mankhwala ovulala nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati othandizira osiyana.
Zomwe zili m'thupi: erbium ilipo pang'ono mwachilengedwe, motero zomwe zili m'malo ambiri ndizochepa. Mu kafukufuku ka zina, zapezeka kuti tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi mbewu zitha kuyamwa ndi kudziunjikira Ebilimo.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti Erbium si chinthu chofunikira kwa thupi la munthu, kotero kumvetsetsa kwake njira zake zachilengedwe kudakali zochepa. Pakadali pano, ntchito zazikulu za Erbium zimakhazikikabe m'minda yaukadaulo monga zida sayansi, zopsic, ndi mankhwala, m'malo mokhala m'munda wa biology.
Kupanga ndi kupanga kwa erbium
Erbium ndi chinthu chosowa kwambiri padziko lapansi chomwe ndi chosasowa mwachilengedwe.
1. Kukhala ndi moyo padziko lapansi: Erbium ilipo m'chilengedwe cha dziko lapansi, koma zopezeka zake zimakhala zochepa. Zomwe zimapezeka pafupifupi 0.3 mg / kg. Erbium makamaka ili mu mawonekedwe a ores, limodzi ndi zina zapadziko lapansi.
2. Kugawa ku Ores: Erbium makamaka ili mu mawonekedwe a ores. Ofala omaphatikiza ma ytrium orbium orbium orbium Ormuum Ortinum Stone, Erbium Potaziyamiya mwala, etc. Nthawi zambiri os Erbium nthawi zambiri imakhalapo mu mawonekedwe achipongwe.
3. Mayiko Opanga: Maiko Akuluakulu a Erbium Kupanga Kumaphatikizapo China, United States, Australia, Brazil, etc. Mayiko amenewa ali ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri padziko lapansi.
4. Njira yodukizira: Erbium nthawi zambiri imachotsedwa kuchokera ku Ores kudzera muchotseko cha zinthu zam'mlengalenga. Izi zimaphatikizapo njira zingapo zosungunulira ndikusungunulira erbium.
5. Ubwenzi ndi zinthu zina: Erbium ali ndi zinthu zofanana ndi zina zapadziko lapansi, kotero pochotsera ndi njira zina, ndikofunikira kulingalira mogwirizana ndi chidwi ndi zinthu zina zapadziko lonse lapansi.
6. Madera Ogwiritsa Ntchito: Erbium imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'munda wa sayansi ndi ukadaulo, makamaka ku maopasitala, ukadaulo wa laser latekitala ndi lingaliro lamankhwala. Chifukwa cha zodetsa zake zagalasi, erbium imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokonza galasi lokon.
Ngakhale Erbium ndi wosowa kwambiri padziko lapansi, chifukwa cha zomwe amapanga muukadaulo wapamwamba, zomwe zimafunikira pang'onopang'ono zidawonjezera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zipitirizo zizichitika komanso kusinthasintha kwaukadaulo.
Njira zodziwika bwino za Erbium
Njira zodziwika bwino za Erbium nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo maluso owunikira. Izi ndi mawu atsatanetsatane kwa ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekeza ndi Erbium.
1. Aatomi atomicmetry (AAAS): AAS ndi njira yodziwika bwino yowerengera yoyenera kudziwa zomwe zili pazinthu zachitsulo. Ku Aas, chitsanzocho chagwetsedwa ndikudutsa muyeso wowunikira mwachidule, ndipo kukula kwa kuunika komwe kumadziwika ndi zitsanzo zodziwikiratu za chinthucho.
2. Ku Isp-OES, zitsanzo zimadutsa mu plasma yophatikizika yopanga ma plasma ambiri omwe amasangalatsa ma atomu omwe amasangalatsa maatomu mu chitsanzo kuti atulutse mawonekedwe. Pozindikira kukula ndi mphamvu ya kuunika komwe kwatulutsa, kuchuluka kwa chinthu chilichonse mu sampuli kungatsimikizidwe.
3. Misa Spectring (ICP-MS): ICP-MS imaphatikiza m'badwo wa plasma yophatikizika ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popenda kwambiri. Ku ICP-MS, chitsanzocho chimaphatikizika ndi chikumbumtima, kenako ndikuwona ndi spectrometer kuti mupeze misa iliyonse, potero imasankha kuderanda kwake.
4. Fluorescence Speptroscopy: Slatroorcence Speptroscopy imasankha chidwi mwa kusangalala ndi Erbium Dera la Erbiomu ndikuyeza chizindikiro chizindikiro. Njirayi imakhala yothandiza kwambiri pakutsata zinthu zachilengedwe padziko lapansi.
5. Mwachitsanzo, ion kusinthitsa mankhwala a chromatography ndikusintha gawo lamadzimadzi a chromatographlephlemita onsewa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwunika kwa erbium.
Njirazi nthawi zambiri zimafunikira kuchitidwa mu malo a labotale ndipo zimafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba ndi zida. Kusankhidwa kwa njira yoyenera nthawi zambiri kumadalira mtundu wa chitsanzo, chidwi chofunikira, chisankho, komanso kupezeka kwa zida za labotale.
Kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya atomu ya atomu yoyezera erbium element
Muyezo wa chinthu, njira ya atomiki imalondola kwambiri komanso kukhutaka, ndipo zimapereka njira yothandiza pophunzira zinthu zamankhwala, kapangidwe kake ndi zinthu zina.
Kenako, timagwiritsa ntchito njira ya atomiki njira yoyezera zomwe zalembedwa erbium. Malingaliro ake ali motere:
Choyamba, ndikofunikira kukonzekera zitsanzo zokhala ndi erbium. Chitsanzo chingakhale chokhazikika, madzi kapena gasi. Zitsanzo zolimba, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira kusungunula kapena kuzisungunulira chifukwa chotsatira.
Sankhani mawonekedwe oyenera a atomu owoneka bwino. Malinga ndi zomwe zitsanzo zimayesedwa ndipo kuchuluka kwa erbium zofunikira kuyezedwa, Sankhani mawonekedwe abwino a atomu.
Sinthani magawo a atomiki a atomu. Malinga ndi zomwe zidayesedwa komanso mtundu wa chida, sinthani magawo a mawonekedwe a atomiki, kuphatikizapo gwero lopepuka, atomizer, wowunikira, etc.
Yerekezerani kuyamwa kwa erbium chinthu. Ikani zitsanzo kuti ziyesedwe mu atomizer, ndikuwunika kwa emit zopepuka za chiwonetsero chapadera. Erbium chinthu choyesedwa zimayamwa radiation iyi ndikupanga kusintha kwamphamvu. Kuyamwa kwa Erbium chinthu kumayesedwa ndi chojambula.
Kuwerengetsa zomwe zili patsamba la Erbium. Werengani zomwe zili pa chinthu cha Erbium kutengera kuyanjana ndi kokhazikika.
Pa susu wasayansi, Erbium, ndi malo ake osamvetsetseka komanso apadera, awonjezera kukhudza kwaukadaulo kwaukadaulo wa ukadaulo wa ukadaulo kwaukadaulo. Kuchokera pakuzama kwa kutumphuka kwa dziko lapansi kupita ku ntchito zapamwamba mu labotale, ulendo wa Erbium wawona kusaka kwa anthu ku chinsinsi cha chinthucho. Kugwiritsa kwake ntchito ku mawonedwe a Mayer, ukadaulo wa laser laser atenga mwayi wokhoza m'miyoyo yathu, kutipatsa mwayi wokhala m'madera omwe adabisidwa.
Monga momwe Erbium imawalira kudzera pagalasi ya galasi mu opsics kuwunikira njira yosadziwika yosonyezera, imatsegulira khomo kuphompho kwa ofufuza mu holo ya sayansi. Erbium si nyenyezi yowala patebulo la nthawi, komanso wothandiza wamphamvu kwa anthu kuti akweze chisangalalo cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo.
Ndikukhulupirira kuti m'zaka zikubwerazi, titha kufufuza chinsinsi cha Erbium kwambiri ndikutha kugwiritsa ntchito zozizwitsa kwambiri, kuti "nyenyezi" iyi "ikhale yowunikira njira yaumunthu. Nkhani ya Elecum Erbium ikupitilira, ndipo tikuyembekezera zomwe zozizwitsa zomwe zikutilepheretsa pasayansi.
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Post Nthawi: Nov-21-2024