I-Australia kwindawo yebhokisi ukuze ibe yindlu yamandla entsha enqabileyo yehlabathi

I-China ngoku ivelisa i-80% yemveliso yehlabathi ye-neodymium-praseodymium, indibaniselwano yezimbiwa zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ezibalulekileyo ekwenziweni kweemagnethi ezinamandla aphezulu ezisisigxina.

Ezi magnethi zisetyenziswa kwiidrivetrains zezithuthi zombane (EVs), ngoko ke uhlengahlengiso olulindelekileyo lwe-EV luya kufuna ukhulo lokubonelela oluvela kubambi bomhlaba onqabileyo.

Yonke i-EV drivetrain ifuna ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2kg ye-neodymium-praseodymium oxide - kodwa i-injini yomoya yeemegawathi ezintathu ngqo isebenzisa i-600kg.I-Neodymium-praseodymium ikwakwiyunithi yakho yokupholisa umoya eofisini okanye eludongeni lwasekhaya.

Kodwa, ngokwezinye iingqikelelo, iChina kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo kufuneka ibe ngumrhwebi we-neodymium-praseodymium - kwaye, njengoko imile, i-Australia lelona lizwe likwindawo efanelekileyo yokuzalisa eso sikhewu.

Ndiyabulela kuLynas Corporation (ASX: LYC), ilizwe sele likwindawo yesibini emhlabeni umvelisi wehlabathi elinqabileyo, nangona lisavelisa iqhezu lemveliso yaseTshayina.Kodwa, kuninzi okusezayo.

Iinkampani ezine zaseOstreliya zineeprojekthi eziphambili kakhulu zomhlaba ongasemva, apho kugxilwe kwi-neodymium-praseodymium njengesiphumo esingundoqo.Ezintathu kuzo zikwiOstreliya kunye neyesine eTanzania.

Ukongeza, sineMinerali yaseMntla (i-ASX: i-NTU) kunye nezinto ezifunwa kakhulu emhlabeni ezinqabileyo (HREE), i-dysprosium kunye ne-terbium, elawula umhlaba wayo onqabileyo kwiprojekthi ye-Browns Range eNtshona Australia.

Kwabanye abadlali, i-US inomgodi we-Mountain Pass, kodwa oko kuxhomekeke kwi-China yokucubungula imveliso yayo.

Kukho ezinye iiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zaseMntla Merika, kodwa akukho nanye enokuthiwa ilungele ukwakha.

I-Indiya, iVietnam, iBrazil kunye neRashiya zivelisa izixa ezithobekileyo;kukho umgodi osebenzayo eBurundi, kodwa akukho nanye kwezi enekhono lokudala ishishini lesizwe elinobunzima obubalulekileyo kwixesha elifutshane.

IMigodi yaseMantla kuye kwafuneka ukuba iqhube isityalo sayo sokulinga iBrowns Range e-WA okwethutyana ngenxa yezithintelo zokuhamba zikarhulumente ezibekelwe ukukhanya kwentsholongwane ye-COVID-19, kodwa inkampani ibivelisa imveliso ethengiswayo.

I-Alkane Resources (ASX: ALK) igxile ngakumbi kwigolide kwezi ntsuku kwaye iceba ukudiliza iprojekthi yesinyithi ye-Dubbo yeteknoloji kanye nje ukuba i-stock market yangoku iphazamisekile.Umsebenzi ke uya kurhweba ngokwahlukeneyo njenge Australian Strategic Metals.

I-Dubbo ilungele ukwakhiwa: inalo lonke ulwamkelo olungundoqo lwe-federal kunye nelizwe kwaye i-Alkane isebenzisana ne-Zirconium Technology Corp (iZiron) yaseMzantsi Korea ukwakha iplanti yesinyithi ecocekileyo e-Daejeon, isixeko sesihlanu esikhulu saseMzantsi Korea.

Idiphozithi ye-Dubbo yi-43% ye-zirconium, i-10% ye-hafnium, i-30% yomhlaba onqabileyo kunye ne-17% ye-niobium.Eyona nto inqabileyo emhlabeni yenkampani yi-neodymium-praseodymium.

I-Hastings Technology Metals (ASX: HAS) ineprojekthi yayo yaseYangibana, emi kumntla-mpuma weCarnarvon eWA.Ineendawo zayo zokusingqongileyo ezivulekileyo ze commonwealth kwindawo yomgodi ovulekileyo kunye neplanti yokucoca.

I-Hastings iceba ukuba yimveliso ngo-2022 kunye nemveliso yonyaka ye-3,400t ye-neodymium-praseodymium.Oku, kunye ne-dysprosium kunye ne-terbium, kujonge ukuvelisa i-92% yengeniso yeprojekthi.

UHastings ebethethathethana ngesivumelwano seminyaka eli-10 kunye neSchaeffler yaseJamani, umenzi weemveliso zentsimbi, kodwa ezi ntetho ziye zalibaziseka yimpembelelo yentsholongwane ye-COVID-19 kwishishini le-auto laseJamani.Kubekho neengxoxo kunye noThyssenKrupp kunye neqabane laseTshayina lokuhamba.

I-Arafura Resources (ASX: ARU) yaqala ubomi kwi-ASX kwi-2003 njengomdlalo wentsimbi yentsimbi kodwa ngokukhawuleza yatshintsha ikhosi emva kokuba ifumene iprojekthi yeNolans kwiNdawo yaseMntla.

Ngoku, ilindele ukuba iNolans ibe neminyaka engama-33 yobomi basemgodini kwaye ivelise i-4,335t ye-neodymium-praseodymium ngonyaka.

Inkampani ithe kuphela komsebenzi e-Australia ukufumana imvume yokwembiwa kwemigodi, ukutsalwa kunye nokwahlula umhlaba onqabileyo, kubandakanya nokuphatha inkunkuma ye-radioactive.

Inkampani ijolise eJapan kwintengiso yayo ye-neodymium-praseodymium offtake kwaye inokhetho lweehektare zomhlaba ezili-19 eTeesside yaseNgilani ukwakha indawo yokucokisa.

Indawo yeTeesside ivunyelwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ngoku inkampani ilinde nje ukuba ilayisenisi yayo yemigodi ikhutshwe ngurhulumente waseTanzania, imfuneko yokugqibela yokulawula iprojekthi yeNgualla.

Ngelixa i-Arafura isayine iimemorandam zokuqonda kunye namaqela amabini aseTshayina aphumayo, iintetho zayo zamva nje ziye zagxininisa "ukubandakanya umthengi" kujoliswe kubasebenzisi be-neodymium-praseodymium abangahambelani neqhinga elithi 'Made in China 2025', eyiplani yaseBeijing eya kubona. ilizwe 70% ukuzimela kwimveliso yobugcisa obuphezulu iminyaka emihlanu ngoko - kunye nenyathelo elikhulu ukuya kulawulo lwehlabathi lokuvelisa iteknoloji.

I-Arafura kunye nezinye iinkampani ziyazi kakuhle ukuba i-China ilawula ubuninzi bomhlaba onqabileyo wokubonelela ngehlabathi - kunye ne-Australia kunye ne-US kunye namanye amahlakani aqaphela ingozi ebangelwa ukukwazi kweChina ukunqanda iiprojekthi ezingekho phantsi kweChina.

I-Beijing ixhasa imisebenzi enqabileyo yomhlaba ukuze abavelisi bakwazi ukulawula amaxabiso - kwaye iinkampani zaseTshayina zinokuhlala kwishishini ngelixa iinkampani ezingezona zaseTshayina zingakwazi ukusebenza kwindawo yokulahlekelwa.

Iintengiso ze-Neodymium-praseodymium zilawulwa yi-Shanghai-kuluhlu lwe-China Northern Rare Earth Group, enye yamashishini amathandathu alawulwa ngurhulumente aqhuba imigodi yomhlaba onqabileyo e-China.

Ngelixa iinkampani ezizimeleyo zifumanisa ukuba zeziphi na inqanaba ezinokuthi zisophule kwaye zenze inzuzo, ababoneleli bezemali bathanda ukonga kakhulu.

Amaxabiso e-Neodymium-praseodymium okwangoku angaphantsi nje kwe-US$40/kg (A$61/kg), kodwa amanani oshishino aqikelela ukuba kuya kufuna into ekufutshane ne-US$60/kg (A$92/kg) ukukhulula iinaliti zenkunzi ezifunekayo ukuphuhlisa iiprojekthi.

Ngapha koko, naphakathi kuloyiko lwe-COVID-19, i-China ikwazile ukuvuselela imveliso yayo yomhlaba enqabileyo, kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-19.2% ngonyaka-ngonyaka kwi-5,541t - elona nani liphezulu lenyanga ukusukela ngo-2014.

ULynas naye wayenenani eliqinileyo lokuziswa ngoMatshi.Kwikota yokuqala, ukuphuma kweeoksidi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kuphelele kwi-4,465t.

I-China yavala uninzi lweshishini layo elinqabileyo lomhlaba wonke uJanuwari kunye nenxalenye kaFebruwari ngenxa yokusasazeka kwale ntsholongwane.

“Abathathi-nxaxheba kwimarike balinde ngomonde njengoko kungekho mntu ukuqondayo ngokucacileyo ukuba ikamva lisiphathele ntoni na,” uPeak ucebise abaninizabelo ekupheleni kuka-Epreli.

"Ngaphezu koko, kuyaqondwa ukuba kumanqanaba angoku amaxabiso ishishini laseTshayina elinqabileyo lomhlaba alisebenzi kuyo nayiphi na inzuzo," yatsho.

Amaxabiso ezinto ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ziyahluka, emele iimfuno zemarike.Okwangoku, ihlabathi linikezelwa kakhulu nge-lanthanum kunye ne-cerium;nabanye, hayi kakhulu.

Apha ngezantsi kukho umfanekiso wamaxabiso kaJanuwari - amanani omntu ngamnye aya kuthi ahambe kancinci ngenye indlela okanye enye, kodwa amanani abonisa umahluko omkhulu kuqingqo-maxabiso.Onke amaxabiso ziidola zaseMelika ngekhilogram.

ILanthanum oxide – 1.69 Cerium oxide – 1.65 Samarium oxide – 1.79 Yttrium oxide – 2.87 Ytterbium oxide – 20.66 Erbium oxide – 22.60 Gadolinium oxide – 23.68 Neodymium oxide – 41.34 oksayidi ye-Scan. ioksidi – 48.07 Praseodymium oxide – 48.43 Dysprosium oxide – 251.11 Terbium oxide – 506.53 Lutetium oxide – 571.10


Ixesha lokuposa: May-20-2020