Isiliva chloride, ngamakhemikhali aziwa ngokuthiI-AgCl, iyinhlanganisela ekhangayo enezinhlobonhlobo zokusetshenziswa.Umbala wayo omhlophe oyingqayizivele wenza kube ukukhetha okudumile kwezithombe, ubucwebe, nezinye izindawo eziningi.Nokho, ngemva kokuchayeka isikhathi eside ekukhanyeni noma ezindaweni ezithile, i-silver chloride ingase iguquke futhi ibe mpunga.Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izizathu zalesi simo esithakazelisayo.
Isiliva chloridekwakheka ukusabela kweisiliva nitrate (AgNO3) nge-hydrochloric acid (HCl) nanoma yimuphi omunye umthombo we-chloride.Kuwukuqina okucwebezelayo okumhlophe okuzwelayo, okusho ukuthi kuyashintsha uma kuvezwe ekukhanyeni.Lesi sakhiwo sibangelwa ukuba khona kwama-ion esiliva (Ag+) nama-ion chloride (Cl-) ku-crystal lattice.
Isizathu esikhulu sokuthi kunganiIsiliva chlorideiba mpunga wukwakheka kweisiliva metallic(Ag) ebusweni bayo.NiniIsiliva chlorideechayeke ekukhanyeni noma kumakhemikhali athile, ama-ion esiliva akhona kunhlanganisela abhekana nokusabela kokuncipha.Lokhu kubangelaisiliva metallicukuze ubeke phezu kobuso beisiliva chlorideamakristalu.
Omunye wemithombo evame kakhulu yalokhu kusabela kokunciphisa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (UV) okukhona elangeni.Lapho isiliva chloride sichayeka emisebeni ye-UV, amandla anikezwa ukukhanya abangela ama-ion esiliva athole ama-electron futhi kamuva aguquke abe.isiliva metallic.Lokhu kusabela kubizwa ngokuthi i-photoreduction.
Ngaphezu kokukhanya, ezinye izici ezingabangelaisiliva chlorideukuze zibe mpunga zihlanganisa ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali athile, njenge-hydrogen peroxide noma isulfure.Lezi zinto zisebenza njengama-ejenti anciphisayo, akhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwama-ion esiliva abeisiliva metallic.
Esinye isici esithakazelisayo esenza ukuthi i-chloride esiliva ibe mpunga yindima yokungcola noma amaphutha esakhiweni sekristalu.Ngisho nangaphakathiisiliva chlorideamakristalu, kuvame ukuba namaphutha amancane noma ukungcola okuhlakazeke kuyo yonke i-crystal lattice.Lezi zingasebenza njengezindawo zokuqalisa zokusabela kokunciphisa, okuholela ekubekweni kweinsimbi yesilivaendaweni yekristalu.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi graying ofisiliva chlorideakuwona umphumela ongemuhle.Eqinisweni, isetshenziswe emisebenzini ehlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezithombe.Isiliva chloridekuyisithako esiyinhloko ezithombeni zefilimu emnyama nemhlophe, lapho ukuguqulwa kweisiliva chloridekuya esiliva kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekudaleni isithombe esibonakalayo.Okuveziweisiliva chlorideamakristalu aphenduka abe mpunga lapho esabela ngokukhanya, enze isithombe esicashile, esibe sesithuthukiswa kusetshenziswa amakhemikhali ezithombe ukuveza isithombe sokugcina esimnyama nokumhlophe.
Ukufingqa, umbala ompunga weisiliva chloridekubangelwa ukuguqulwa kwama-ion esilivaisiliva metallicendaweni yekristalu.Lesi simo sibangelwa ikakhulukazi ukuchayeka ekukhanyeni noma kumakhemikhali athile aqala ukusabela kokunciphisa.Ukuba khona kokungcola noma amaphutha esakhiweni sekristalu nakho kungabangela lokhu kumpunga.Nakuba kungase kushintshe ukubukekaisiliva chloride, lolu shintsho luye lwaxhashazwa ezithombeni ukuze kwakhiwe izithombe ezikhangayo ezimnyama nezimhlophe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-07-2023