Lanthanum, ka mea 57 o ka papa manawa.
I mea e ʻoi aku ka lokahi o ka papa ʻaina o nā mea, ua lawe ka poʻe i 15 mau ʻano mea, me ka lanthanum, nona ka helu Atomic e piʻi aʻe, a waiho kaʻawale ma lalo o ka papaʻaina.Ua like ko lakou mau waiwai kemika.Hoʻokaʻawale lākou i ke kolu o ka lattice ma ka lālani ʻeono o ka papaʻaina, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Lanthanide" a no nā "rare earth elements".E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o ka inoa, haʻahaʻa loa ka ʻike o ka lanthanum i ka ʻōpala o ka honua, ʻelua wale nō i ka cerium.
I ka pau ʻana o ka makahiki 1838, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Mossander chemist Suedena i ka oxide hou e like me ka lanthanide honua a me ka element he lanthanum.ʻOiai ua ʻike ʻia ka hopena e nā ʻepekema he nui, ua kānalua ʻo Mossander i kāna mau hopena i paʻi ʻia no ka mea ua ʻike ʻo ia i nā waihoʻoluʻu like ʻole i ka hoʻokolohua: i kekahi manawa ʻike ʻia ka lanthanum i ka ʻulaʻula poni, i kekahi manawa i ke keʻokeʻo, a i kekahi manawa i ka ʻulaʻula e like me ke kolu o ka mea.ʻO kēia mau hanana i manaʻoʻiʻo ai ʻo ka lanthanum ka hui like me ka cerium.
Metala Lanthanumhe metala palupalu keʻokeʻo kālā hiki ke hana ʻia, hoʻopololei ʻia, ʻoki ʻia me ka pahi, hoʻoheheʻe mālie ʻia i ka wai anuanu, hana ʻino i ka wai wela, a hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i ke kinoea hydrogen.Hiki iā ia ke hana pololei me nā mea non-metallic he nui e like me carbon, nitrogen, boron, selenium, etc.
He pauda amorphous keʻokeʻo a me ka nonmagneticLanthanum oxidehoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻoihana.Hoʻohana ka poʻe i ka lanthanum ma kahi o ka sodium a me ka calcium e hana i ka bentonite i hoʻololi ʻia, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka phosphorus locking agent.
ʻO ka Eutrophication o ke kino wai ma muli o ka nui o ka phosphorus element i loko o ke kino wai, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka ulu ʻana o nā algae uliuli-'ōmaʻomaʻo a hoʻopau i ka oxygen i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai, e hopena i ka make nui o ka iʻa.Inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia i ka manawa, e pilau ka wai a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wai.ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu mau ʻana o ka wai home a me ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i ka phosphorus i loko o nā mea kanu i hoʻonui i ka ʻike o ka phosphorus i ka wai.Hoʻohui ʻia ka bentonite i loko o ka lanthanum i hoʻololi ʻia i ka wai a hiki ke hoʻopili pono i ka phosphorus keu i loko o ka wai i kona noho ʻana i lalo.I ka wā e noho ai i lalo, hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi i ka phosphorus ma ka lepo wai, pale i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka phosphorus i loko o ka lepo o lalo o ka wai, a hoʻomalu i ka maʻiʻo phosphorus i loko o ka wai. ʻO ke ʻano o ka hydrates o ka lanthanum phosphate, i hiki ʻole i nā algae ke hoʻohana i ka phosphorus i ka wai, no laila ke keʻakeʻa nei i ka ulu ʻana a me ka hana hou ʻana o nā algae uliuli-'ōmaʻomaʻo, a hoʻoponopono maikaʻi i ka Eutrophication i hana ʻia e ka phosphorus i nā kino wai like ʻole e like me nā loko, nā loko a me nā muliwai.
Maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻeLanthanum oxideHiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā lens pololei a me nā papa fiber optical refractive kiʻekiʻe.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Lanthanum no ka hana ʻana i kahi mea ʻike pō, i hiki i nā koa ke hoʻopau i nā hana kaua i ka pō e like me kā lākou hana i ke ao.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka Lanthanum oxide e hana i ka capacitor Ceramic, piezoelectric ceramics a me nā mea luminescent X-ray.
I ka ʻimi ʻana i nā wahie mōʻalihaku ʻē aʻe, ua nānā ka poʻe i ka hydrogen ikehu maʻemaʻe, a ʻo nā mea mālama hydrogen ke kī i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hydrogen.Ma muli o ke ʻano pahū a me ka pahū o ka hydrogen, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā pahu hoʻopaʻa hydrogen i mea ʻino loa.Ma o ka ʻimi hoʻomau ʻana, ua ʻike ka poʻe ʻo Lanthanum-nickel alloy, kahi mea hoʻopaʻa hydrogen metala, hiki ke hopu i ka hydrogen.Hiki iā ia ke hopu i nā molekele hydrogen a hoʻoheheʻe iā lākou i nā ʻātoma hydrogen, a laila mālama i nā ʻātoma hydrogen i loko o ka ʻāpana lattice metala e hana i ka hydride metala.Ke hoʻomehana ʻia kēia mau hydride metala, e hoʻoheheʻe lākou a hoʻokuʻu i ka hydrogen, ua like ia me kahi pahu no ka mālama ʻana i ka hydrogen, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka leo a me ke kaumaha ma mua o nā pahu kila, no laila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā mea anode no ka Nickel rechargeable. –metal hydride pākahi a me nā kaʻa uila hybrid.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-01-2023