Dị ka anyị niile maara, mineral ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe na China bụ nke mejupụtara ihe mejupụtara ụwa dị obere, nke lanthanum na cerium nwere ihe karịrị 60%.Site na mgbasawanye nke ihe ndọta na-adịgide adịgide nke ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe, ihe ndị na-egbuke egbuke ụwa, ntụ ntụ na-adịghị ahụkebe na ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe na ụlọ ọrụ ọla na China kwa afọ, ọchịchọ nke ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe na ahịa ụlọ na-abawanye ngwa ngwa. nnukwu azụ azụ nke nnukwu ọkụ na-adịghị ahụkebe dị ka Ce, La na Pr, nke na-eduga na enweghị ahaghị nhata n'etiti nrigbu na ntinye nke akụrụngwa ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe na China.Achọpụtara na ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe n'ụwa na-egosi arụmọrụ catalytic dị mma na ịdị irè na usoro mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ n'ihi nhazi shei elektrọn 4f pụrụ iche.Ya mere, iji ụwa dị ụkọ dị ka ihe na-akpata catalytic bụ ụzọ dị mma maka ojiji nke akụrụngwa ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe.Catalyst bụ ụdị ihe nwere ike ime ka mmeghachi omume kemịkal mee ngwa ngwa ma anaghị eri ya tupu ya emee ya.Ịkwado nchọpụta bụ isi nke catalysis ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị ịkwalite nrụpụta mmepụta ihe, kamakwa ịzọpụta akụrụngwa na ume ma belata mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi, nke kwekọrọ na atụmatụ atụmatụ nke mmepe mmepe.
Gịnị kpatara ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe n'ụwa ji enwe ọrụ catalytic?
Ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe nke ụwa nwere usoro eletrọnịkị pụrụ iche (4f), nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka atọm etiti nke mgbagwoju ahụ ma nwee ọnụọgụ nhazi dị iche iche sitere na 6 ruo 12. Mgbanwe nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nhazi nke ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe ụwa na-ekpebi na ha nwere "valence residual". .N'ihi na 4f nwere asaa ndabere valence eletrọn orbitals nwere bonding ike, ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke "ndabere chemical bond" ma ọ bụ "residual valence" a ike dị mkpa maka a nkịtị catalyst.Ya mere, ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe nke ụwa ọ bụghị nanị na-enwe ọrụ catalytic, kamakwa enwere ike iji ya mee ihe dị ka ihe mgbakwunye ma ọ bụ cocatalysts iji meziwanye ọrụ catalytic nke ndị na-eme ihe, karịsịa ikike mgbochi ịka nká na ikike nsị.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọrụ nano cerium oxide na nano lanthanum oxide n'ịgwọ iyuzucha ụgbọala aghọwo ihe ọhụrụ a na-elekwasị anya.
Ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ na iyuzucha ụgbọ ala gụnyere CO, HC na NOx.Uwa a na-adịghị ahụkebe a na-eji eme ihe na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha ikuku ụgbọ ala ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe bụ ngwakọta nke cerium oxide, praseodymium oxide na lanthanum oxide.Ihe na-eme ka ikuku na-ekpochapụ ụgbọ ala ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe mejupụtara oxides dị mgbagwoju anya nke ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe na cobalt, manganese na led.Ọ bụ ụdị nke ternary catalyst na perovskite, ụdị spinel na nhazi, nke cerium oxide bụ isi ihe dị mkpa. N'ihi njirimara redox nke cerium oxide, ihe ndị na-emepụta gas nwere ike ịchịkwa nke ọma.
Ihe na-eme ka ike iyuzucha ụgbọ ala na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nke seramiiki (ma ọ bụ igwe) ebu mmanụ aṅụ na mkpuchi elu na-arụ ọrụ.Ihe mkpuchi a na-arụ ọrụ bụ nnukwu mpaghara γ-Al2O3, ọnụọgụ oxide kwesịrị ekwesị maka ịkwado ebe elu na metal na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma gbasasịrị na mkpuchi ahụ.Iji belata oriri nke pt na RH dị oke ọnụ, mụbaa oriri nke Pd dị ọnụ ala ma belata ọnụ ahịa nke ihe na-akpata, N'ihe gbasara ịghara ibelata arụmọrụ nke ihe na-eme ka ikuku iyuzucha ụgbọ ala, a na-agbakwunye ụfọdụ CeO2 na La2O3 n'ime mkpuchi ịgbalite nke Pt-Pd-Rh ternary catalyst nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe iji mepụta ihe na-eme ka ọla dị oke ọnụ ahịa dị oke ọnụ ahịa ụwa nwere mmetụta catalytic mara mma.A na-eji La2O3(UG-La01) na CeO2 mee ihe dị ka ndị na-akwalite nkwalite arụmọrụ nke γ- Al2O3 na-akwado ihe ndị na-eme ka metal dị mma.Dị ka nnyocha, CeO2, The isi usoro nke La2O3 na mma metal catalysts bụ dị ka ndị a:
1. melite ọrụ catalytic nke mkpuchi na-arụ ọrụ site n'ịgbakwunye CeO2 iji mee ka ihe ndị dị na metal dị oké ọnụ ahịa na-agbasasị na mkpuchi na-arụ ọrụ, ka ịzenarị mbelata nke catalytic lattice point na mmebi nke ọrụ nke sintering kpatara.Ịgbakwunye CeO2 (UG-Ce01) n'ime Pt / γ-Al2O3 nwere ike ịgbasa na γ-Al2O3 n'otu oyi akwa (oke nke mgbasa ozi otu-layer bụ 0.035g CeO2 / g γ-Al2O3), nke na-agbanwe ọdịdị elu nke γ-Al2O3. -Al2O3 na mma dispersion ogo nke Pt.Mgbe CeO2 ọdịnaya bụ hà ma ọ bụ nso dispersion ọnụ ụzọ, dispersion ogo nke Pt esịmde kasị elu.Ọnụ ụzọ mgbasa ozi nke CeO2 bụ usoro kachasị mma nke CeO2.Na ọxịdashọn ikuku n'elu 600 ℃, Rh tụfuru ya ebighị n'ihi guzobe nke siri ike ngwọta n'etiti Rh2O3 na Al2O3.Ịdị adị nke CeO2 ga-ebelata mmeghachi omume n'etiti Rh na Al2O3 ma mee ka Rh rụọ ọrụ.La2O3 (UG-La01) nwekwara ike igbochi uto nke Pt ultrafine particles. Ịgbakwunye CeO2 na La2O3 (UG-La01) na Pd / γ 2al2o3, a chọpụtara na mgbakwunye CeO2 kwalitere mgbasa nke Pd na onye na-ebu ya wee mepụta a. mbelata synergistic.Mgbasa dị elu nke Pd na mmekọrịta ya na CeO2 na Pd/γ2Al2O3 bụ isi ihe na-eme ka ọrụ dị elu nke ihe na-akpali akpali.
2. Igwe ọkụ ikuku na-emezi akpaaka (aπ f) Mgbe mmalite okpomọkụ nke ụgbọ ala na-ebili, ma ọ bụ mgbe ọnọdụ ịnya ụgbọ ala na ọsọ na-agbanwe, ọnụego nkwụsị na ikuku gas na-agbanwe agbanwe, nke na-eme ka ọnọdụ ọrụ nke ụgbọ ala ahụ kwụsị. Ihe na-eme ka ikuku dị ọcha na-agbanwe mgbe niile ma na-emetụta ọrụ ya.Ọ dị mkpa iji dozie π mmanụ ụgbọala ruru nke ikuku na stoichiometric ratio nke 1415 ~ 1416, nke mere na catalyst nwere ike na-enye zuru play na ya ọrụ ọcha. CeO2 bụ a variable valence oxide (Ce4 +ΠCe3+), nke nwere ihe onwunwe nke N-ụdị semiconductor, ma nwee ezigbo nchekwa oxygen na ikike ntọhapụ.Mgbe ogo A π F gbanwere, CeO2 nwere ike rụọ ọrụ dị oke mma n'ịgbanwe oke ikuku na mmanụ ọkụ.Nke ahụ bụ, a na-ahapụ O2 mgbe mmanụ ọkụ na-ejupụta iji nyere CO na hydrocarbon oxidize aka;Ọ bụrụ na ikuku karịrị akarị, CeO2-x na-arụ ọrụ mbelata ma na-emeghachi omume na NOx iji wepụ NOx na ikuku ikuku iji nweta CeO2.
3. Mmetụta nke cocatalyst Mgbe ngwakọta nke aπ f dị na stoichiometric ratio, e wezụga oxidation mmeghachi omume nke H2, CO, HC na Mbelata mmeghachi omume nke NOx, CeO2 dị ka cocatalyst nwekwara ike mee ngwangwa nke mmiri gas Mbugharị na uzuoku reforming mmeghachi omume na ibelata. ọdịnaya nke CO na HC.La2O3 nwere ike imeziwanye mgbanwe mgbanwe na mmiri gas njem mmeghachi omume na hydrocarbon uzuoku reforming mmeghachi omume. The emepụtara hydrogen bara uru na NOx Mbelata.Na-agbakwụnye La2O3 na Pd/ CeO2 -γ-Al2O3 maka mmebi nke methanol, a chọpụtara na mgbakwunye nke La2O3 gbochiri mmepụta nke dimethyl ether site na ngwaahịa ma kwalite ọrụ catalytic nke ihe na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma.Mgbe ọdịnaya nke La2O3 bụ 10%, onye na-eme ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na ntụgharị methanol ruru kacha elu (ihe dịka 91.4%).Nke a na-egosi na La2O3 nwere ezi dispersion on γ-Al2O3 carrier. Ọzọkwa, ọ kwalite dispersion nke CeO2 on γ2Al2O3 ụgbọelu na Mbelata nnukwu oxygen, n'ihu mma dispersion nke Pd na n'ihu enwekwukwa mmekọrịta n'etiti Pd na CeO2, si otú imeziwanye ọrụ catalytic nke na-eme ka methanol decomposition.
Dabere na njirimara nke nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi ugbu a na usoro iji ume ọhụrụ, China kwesịrị ịzụlite ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe nke ụwa nwere ikike ikike ọgụgụ isi nke onwe ha, nweta nke ọma itinye n'ọrụ nke akụrụngwa ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe, na-akwalite mmepụta teknụzụ nke ihe catalytic ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe. -mmepe ga-aga n'ihu nke ụyọkọ mmepụta ihe nwere teknụzụ dị elu dị ka ụwa na-adịghị ahụkebe, gburugburu ebe obibi na ume ọhụrụ.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ngwaahịa ndị ụlọ ọrụ na-enye gụnyere nano zirconia, nano titania, nano alumina, nano aluminum hydroxide, nano zinc oxide, nano silicon oxide, nano magnesium oxide, nano magnesium hydroxide, nano ọla kọpa oxide, nano yttrium oxide, nano cerium oxide. , Nano lanthanum oxide, nano tungsten trioxide, nano ferroferric oxide, nano antibacterial gị n'ụlọnga na graphene.The ngwaahịa àgwà kwụsiri ike, na e zụtara na batches site multinational ụlọ ọrụ.
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Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-23-2021