KamvuluImatha kupanga zitsulo zina, zoimira kwambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi hafnium tantlum, monga pentacarbide tetratrantum ndi hafnium (ta4hfc5), yomwe ili ndi malo okwanira. Malo osungunuka a pentacantide tetratrantum ndi hafnium amatha kufikira 4215 ℃, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale chinthu chodziwikiratu.
Kamvulu, ndi chizindikiro cha mankhwala hf, ndi chinthu chachitsulo chomwe chimakhala cha gulu lachitsulo. Maonekedwe ake oyambira ndi siliva imvi ndipo ali ndi chimbudzi. Ili ndi kuuma kwa mohs wa 5.5, malo osungunuka 2233 ℃, ndipo pulasitiki. Hafnium imatha kupanga zokutidwa ndi oxide mlengalenga, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi okhazikika firiji. Haldedhared hafnium imatha kuyamwa mumlengalenga, ndipo imatha kuchitira ndi mpweya ndi nayitrogeni pamatenthedwe kwambiri. Hafnium samachita ndi madzi, kuchepetsa acid acid monga hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, komanso mayankho amphamvu a calkaline. Imasungunuka mu acid a acid monga a Aqua Regia ndi Hydrofluoric acid, ndipo ali ndi kukana kwabwino kwambiri.
Elementkamvuluidapezeka mu 1923. Hafnium imakhala yotsika kwambiri padziko lapansi, 0,00045%. Nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zitsulo zitsulo ndipo zilibe ma ore. Hafnium imatha kupezeka m'migodi ya zirryllium, monga Beryllium Zirryn, Zircon, ndi michere ina. Mitundu iwiri yoyambirira ya ore imakhala ndi Hafnium koma mabilidwe otsika, ndi zircon ndiye gwero lalikulu la Hafnium. Pamalo apadziko lonse lapansi, malo osungirako zakudya a Hafnium ali oposa 1 miliyoni. Mayiko okhala ndi zotsalira zazikulu zimaphatikizapo South Africa, Australia, United States, Brazil, India, ndi zigawo zina. Migodi ya Hafnium imagawidwanso ku Guangxi ndi zigawo zina za China.
Mu 1925, asayansi awiri ochokera ku Sweden ndi Netherlands adazindikira kuti mlengalenga ndikukonzekera hafnium yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizira mchere ndi njira yochepetsera sodium. Hafnium ali ndi mapangidwe awiri a kristal ali ndi mawonekedwe a hexanagol pamatenthedwe pansi pa 1300 ℃ (℃ (α (α- kuti kutentha kuli pamwamba 1300 ℃ Hunnium ilinso ndi iyotopees 6
Mankhwala akuluakulu a Hafnium amaphatikizapoHafnium Dioxide (Hzo2), Hafnium Tetrachloride (Hfcl4), ndi Hafnium hydroxide (h4hfo4). Hafnium Dioxide ndi Hafnium Tetrachloride angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga chitsulokamvulu, hafnium dioxideItha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kukonza mabotolo a Hafnium Emosy, ndipo Hafnium hydroxide angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukonza mankhwala osiyanasiyana a Hafnium. Hafnium amatha kupanga ma stocks ndi zitsulo zina, woimira yemwe ali ndi hafnium tantlum, monga pentacarbide tetratrantium ndi hannium (ta4hfc5), yomwe ili ndi malo okwanira. Malo osungunuka a pentacantide tetratrantum ndi hafnium amatha kufikira 4215 ℃, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale chinthu chodziwikiratu.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa "202226 Hafnium angsten alyoy ndi hafnium Molybdenum Alloy akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga elekitirol yam'madzi, pomwe hafnium tantluge itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida ndi zitsulo; Carbide Carbide (Hfc) Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati rockeles nombrales ndi ndege yoteteza zoteteza, pomwe Hfnium Boride (HFB2) itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitsulo chambiri; Kuphatikiza apo, Halnium HAFNANAMI ali ndi gawo lalikulu la neutron ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chida chowongolera komanso choteteza cha atomic reactors.
Openda akampani ochokera ku Xinijisie ananena kuti chifukwa cha maluso ake kukana, kutentha kwambiri, komanso zida zamagetsi, komanso zida zamagetsi, komanso zida za atomiki. Ndi chitukuko chachangu cha mafakitale atsopano monga zida zatsopano, chidziwitso chamagetsi, ndi astospace, magawo a Hafnium amakula, ndipo zinthu zatsopano zimayamba kumene. Chiyembekezo chamtsogolo chiri cholonjeza.
Post Nthawi: Sep-27-2023