Lintho tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefatšeli bohlokoa bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea theknoloji e phahameng joalo ka matla a macha le lisebelisoa, 'me li na le boleng bo pharaletseng ba ts'ebeliso libakeng tse kang sefofane, ts'ireletso ea naha le indasteri ea sesole.Liphello tsa lintoa tsa morao-rao li bontša hore libetsa tsa lefatše tse sa tloaelehang li laola lebala la ntoa, melemo e sa tloaelehang ea theknoloji ea lefatše e emela melemo ea theknoloji ea sesole, 'me ho ba le lisebelisoa ho tiisitsoe.Ka hona, lefats'e le sa tloaelehang le boetse le fetohile lisebelisoa tsa maano tseo moruo o moholo ho pota lefatše li qothisanang lehlokoa le tsona, 'me maano a bohlokoa a tlhaho joalo ka linaha tse sa tloaelehang hangata a phahamela maano a naha.Europe, Japane, United States le linaha tse ling le libaka li ela hloko haholo lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tse kang lefatše le sa tloaelehang.Ka 2008, lisebelisoa tsa lefats'e tse sa tloaelehang li thathamisitsoe e le "leano la lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa" ke Lefapha la Matla a United States;Mathoasong a 2010, European Union e phatlalalitse ho thehoa ha leano la polokelo ea lefatše le sa tloaelehang;Ka 2007, Lekala la Japane la Thuto, Setso, Saense le Theknoloji, hammoho le Lekala la Moruo, Indasteri le Thekenoloji, le ne le se le ntse le etsa tlhahiso ea "Leano la Element Strategy" le morero oa "Rare Metal Alternative Materials".Ba nkile mehato e tsoelang pele le maano a polokelo ea lisebelisoa, tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji, ho fumana lisebelisoa, le ho batla lisebelisoa tse ling.Ho qala sengoloa sena, mohlophisi o tla hlahisa ka botlalo mesebetsi ea bohlokoa le ea bohlokoa ea nalane ea ntlafatso le likarolo tsa likarolo tsena tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefatše.
Terbium ke ea sehlopha sa mafatše a boima a sa tloaelehang, a nang le bongata bo fokolang karolong ea Lefatše ka 1.1 ppm feela.Terbium oxidee ikarabella ka tlase ho 0.01% ea kakaretso ea mafatše a sa tloaelehang.Esita le mofuteng o phahameng oa yttrium ion ore oa lefatše o sa tloaelehang o nang le litaba tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa terbium, litaba tsa terbium li nka feela 1.1-1.2% ea lefatše le sa tloaelehang, e leng se bontšang hore ke karolo ea "mohlomphehi" oa likarolo tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefatše.Terbium ke tšepe ea silevera e bohlooho e nang le ductility le mokhoa o batlang o le bonolo, o ka khaoloang ka thipa;Melting point 1360 ℃, ntlha e belang 3123 ℃, density 8229 4kg/m3.Ka lilemo tse fetang 100 ho tloha ha ho sibolloa terbium ka 1843, khaello ea eona le boleng ba eona li thibetse ts'ebeliso ea eona e sebetsang ka nako e telele.Ke feela lilemong tse 30 tse fetileng moo terbium e bontšitseng talenta ea eona e ikhethang.
Ho sibolloa ha Terbium
Ka nako e tšoanang halanthanume ile ea sibolloa, Karl G. Mosander oa Sweden o ile a hlahlobisisa tse ileng tsa sibolloa qalongyttriummme e hatisitse tlaleho ka 1842, e hlakisang hore lefatše la yttrium le fumanoeng qalong e ne e se elemental oxide e le ’ngoe, empa e le oxide ea likarolo tse tharo.Ka 1843, Mossander o ile a sibolla element terbium ka lipatlisiso tsa hae ka yttrium earth.A ntse a reha e mong oa bona yttrium lefatše le e mong oa bonaerbium oxide.E bile ka 1877 moo e ileng ea bitsoa ka molao terbium, e nang le letšoao la element Tb.Lebitso la eona le tsoa mohloling o tšoanang le oa yttrium, o tsoang motsaneng oa Ytterby haufi le Stockholm, Sweden, moo tšepe ea yttrium e ileng ea fumanoa ka lekhetlo la pele.Ho sibolloa ha terbium le likarolo tse ling tse peli, lanthanum le erbium, ho ile ha bula monyako oa bobeli oa ho sibolloa ha likarolo tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefatše, tse tšoaeang mohato oa bobeli oa ho sibolloa ha tsona.E ile ea hloekisoa ka lekhetlo la pele ke G. Urban ka 1905.
Mossander
Tšebeliso ea terbium
Tšebeliso eaterbiumhaholo-holo e kenyelletsa masimo a theknoloji e phahameng, e leng merero e matla ea theknoloji le tsebo e matla ea ho itšeha, hammoho le merero e nang le melemo e mengata ea moruo, e nang le litebello tse khahlehang tsa ntlafatso.Libaka tse kholo tsa ts'ebeliso li kenyelletsa: (1) ho sebelisoa ka mokhoa oa mobu o sa tloaelehang o tsoakiloeng.Ka mohlala, e sebelisoa e le manyolo a sa tloaelehang a motsoako oa lefats'e le motsoako oa lijo bakeng sa temo.(2) Activator bakeng sa phofshoana e tala ka li-powder tse tharo tsa mantlha tsa fluorescent.Lisebelisoa tsa morao-rao tsa optoelectronic li hloka tšebeliso ea mebala e meraro ea motheo ea phosphors, e leng khubelu, e tala le e putsoa, e ka sebelisoang ho kopanya mebala e sa tšoaneng.'Me terbium ke karolo ea bohlokoa ho liphofshoana tse ngata tsa boleng bo holimo tse tala tsa fluorescent.(3) E sebelisoa e le sesebelisoa sa polokelo ea magneto optical.Lifilimi tse tšesaane tsa amorphous metal terbium transition metal alloy li 'nile tsa sebelisoa ho etsa li-discs tsa magneto optical tse sebetsang hantle haholo.(4) Ho etsa khalase ea magneto optical.Khalase ea rotatory ea Faraday e nang le terbium ke lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho etsa li-rotator, li-isolators, le li-circulator ho theknoloji ea laser.(5) Ntlafatso le nts'etsopele ea terbium dysprosium ferromagnetostrictive alloy (TerFenol) e butse likopo tse ncha tsa terbium.
Ea temo le leruo la liphoofolo
Lefatše le sa tloaelehang terbiume ka ntlafatsa boleng ba lijalo le ho eketsa sekhahla sa photosynthesis ka har'a sebaka se itseng sa mahloriso.Li-complexes tsa terbium li na le ts'ebetso e phahameng ea bioloji, 'me li-ternary complexes tsa terbium, Tb (Ala) 3BenIm (ClO4) 3-3H2O, li na le litlamorao tse ntle tsa antibacterial le bactericidal ho Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis le Escherichia coli, e nang le antibacterial e pharaletseng. thepa.Boithuto ba li-complex tsena bo fana ka tataiso e ncha ea lipatlisiso bakeng sa meriana ea sejoale-joale ea bactericidal.
E sebelisoa tšimong ea luminescence
Lisebelisoa tsa morao-rao tsa optoelectronic li hloka tšebeliso ea mebala e meraro ea motheo ea phosphors, e leng khubelu, e tala le e putsoa, e ka sebelisoang ho kopanya mebala e sa tšoaneng.'Me terbium ke karolo ea bohlokoa ho liphofshoana tse ngata tsa boleng bo holimo tsa fluorescent.Haeba tsoalo ea 'mala o sa tloaelehang oa lefats'e oa TV ea phofo e khubelu ea fluorescent e tsositse tlhokahalo ea yttrium le europium, joale ts'ebeliso le nts'etsopele ea terbium li khothalelitsoe ke lefats'e le sa tloaelehang tse tharo tse ka sehloohong tse tala tsa fluorescent phofo bakeng sa mabone.Mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1980, Philips o ile a qapa lebone la pele la lefats'e le bolokang matla la fluorescent mme a le phahamisetsa lefats'e ka bophara.Tb3+ion e ka ntša leseli le letala ka bolelele ba maqhubu a 545nm, 'me hoo e batlang e le mefuta eohle e sa tloaelehang ea phofo ea fluorescent ea lefats'e e sebelisa terbium e le activator.
Phofo e tala ea fluorescent e sebelisoang bakeng sa mebala ea TV cathode ray tubes (CRTs) esale e thehiloe haholo-holo ho zinc sulfide e theko e tlaase le e sebetsang hantle, empa phofo ea terbium esale e sebelisoa e le projeke ea 'mala o motala oa TV, joalo ka Y2SiO5: Tb3+, Y3 (Al, Ga) 5O12: Tb3+, le LaOBr: Tb3+.Ka nts'etsopele ea thelevishene e kholo ea "high-definition" (HDTV), phofo e tala ea fluorescent e sebetsang hantle bakeng sa CRTs le eona e ntse e ntlafatsoa.Ka mohlala, phofo e nyalisitsoeng e tala ea fluorescent e entsoe linaheng tse ling, e nang le Y3 (Al, Ga) 5O12: Tb3 +, LaOCl: Tb3 +, le Y2SiO5: Tb3 +, e nang le bokhoni bo botle ba luminescence ka bongata bo phahameng ba hona joale.
Phofo ea setso ea X-ray fluorescent ke calcium tungstate.Lilemong tsa bo-1970 le bo-1980, ho ile ha etsoa phofo e sa tloaelehang ea lefatše ea fluorescent bakeng sa li-skrini tsa sensitization, tse kang terbium activated lanthanum sulfide oxide, terbium activated lanthanum bromide oxide (bakeng sa li-screens tse tala), le terbium activated yttrium sulfide oxide.Ha ho bapisoa le calcium tungstate, phofo e sa tloaelehang ea lefats'e ea fluorescent e ka fokotsa nako ea mahlaseli a X-ray bakeng sa bakuli ka 80%, ho ntlafatsa tharollo ea lifilimi tsa X-ray, ho eketsa nako ea bophelo ba X-ray tubes, le ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla.Terbium e boetse e sebelisoa e le activator ea phofo ea fluorescent bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa ntlafatso ea X-ray ea bongaka, e ka ntlafatsang haholo kutloisiso ea phetoho ea X-ray hore e be litšoantšo tsa optical, ho ntlafatsa ho hlaka ha lifilimi tsa X-ray, le ho fokotsa haholo tekanyo ea ho pepeseha ha X- mahlaseli 'meleng oa motho (ka ho feta 50%).
Terbiume boetse e sebelisoa e le activator ho LED phosphor e tšoeu e thabisitsoe ke leseli le leputsoa bakeng sa mabone a macha a semiconductor.E ka sebelisoa ho hlahisa terbium aluminium magneto optical crystal phosphors, e sebelisa li-diode tse hlahisang leseli le leputsoa e le mehloli ea leseli la ho hlasimolla, 'me fluorescence e hlahisoang e kopantsoe le leseli le hlasimollang ho hlahisa leseli le lesoeu le hloekileng.
Lisebelisoa tsa electroluminescent tse entsoeng ka terbium haholo-holo li kenyelletsa phofo ea zinc sulfide e tala ea fluorescent e nang le terbium e le activator.Tlas'a mahlaseli a ultraviolet, li-organic complexes tsa terbium li ka ntša fluorescence e matla e tala 'me li ka sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tse tšesaane tsa filimi ea electroluminescent.Le hoja tsoelo-pele e kholo e entsoe thutong ea lifilimi tse tšesaane tse sa tloaelehang tsa organic complection electroluminescent, ho ntse ho e-na le lekhalo le itseng ho tloha ho ts'ebetso, 'me lipatlisiso tse mabapi le lifilimi le lisebelisoa tse tšesaane tsa electroluminescent tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefats'e li ntse li teba.
Litšobotsi tsa fluorescence tsa terbium li boetse li sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tsa fluorescence.Tšebelisano lipakeng tsa ofloxacin terbium (Tb3+) complex le deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) e ile ea ithutoa ho sebelisoa fluorescence le spectra ea ho monya, joalo ka fluorescence probe ofloxacin terbium (Tb3+).Liphetho li bontšitse hore probe ea ofloxacin Tb3+ e ka etsa groove e tlamang limolek'hule tsa DNA, 'me deoxyribonucleic acid e ka ntlafatsa haholo fluorescence ea ofloxacin Tb3+ system.Ho itšetlehile ka phetoho ena, deoxyribonucleic acid e ka khethoa.
Bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa magneto optical
Lisebelisoa tse nang le phello ea Faraday, tse tsejoang hape e le lisebelisoa tsa magneto-optical, li sebelisoa haholo ho li-lasers le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa optical.Ho na le mefuta e 'meli e tloaelehileng ea lisebelisoa tsa magneto optical: magneto optical crystals le magneto optical glass.Har'a tsona, likristale tsa magneto-optical (tse kang yttrium iron garnet le terbium gallium garnet) li na le melemo ea maqhubu a sebetsang a feto-fetohang le botsitso bo phahameng ba mocheso, empa li theko e boima ebile li thata ho li etsa.Ho phaella moo, likristale tse ngata tsa magneto-optical tse nang le li-angles tse phahameng tsa Faraday li na le monyetla o phahameng ka har'a leqhubu le lekhutšoanyane la maqhubu, le fokotsang tšebeliso ea tsona.Ha ho bapisoa le likristale tsa magneto optical, khalase ea magneto optical e na le molemo oa phetisetso e phahameng mme e bonolo ho etsoa li-blocks tse kholo kapa likhoele.Hajoale, likhalase tsa magneto-optical tse nang le phello e phahameng ea Faraday ke likhalase tse sa tloaelehang tse nang le li-ion tsa lefats'e.
E sebelisoa bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa polokelo ea magneto
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ka tsoelo-pele e potlakileng ea li-multimedia le li-automation tsa ofisi, tlhokahalo ea li-disks tse ncha tsa matla a khoheli e ntse e eketseha.Lifilimi tse tšesaane tsa amorphous metal terbium transition metal alloy li 'nile tsa sebelisoa ho etsa li-discs tsa magneto optical tse sebetsang hantle haholo.Har'a bona, filimi e tšesaane ea TbFeCo alloy e na le ts'ebetso e ntle ka ho fetisisa.Lisebelisoa tsa magneto-optical tse thehiloeng ho Terbium li 'nile tsa hlahisoa ka tekanyo e kholo,' me li-discs tsa magneto-optical tse entsoeng ho tsona li sebelisoa e le likarolo tsa polokelo ea k'homphieutha, 'me matla a polokelo a eketsehile ka makhetlo a 10-15.Li na le melemo ea bokhoni bo boholo le lebelo la ho fihlella ka potlako, 'me li ka hlakoloa le ho koaheloa ka makhetlo a mashome a likete ha li sebelisetsoa li-disc tsa optical tse phahameng haholo.Ke lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa ho theknoloji ea polokelo ea tlhahisoleseding ea elektronike.Lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa tsa magneto-optical lihlopha tse bonahalang le tse haufi le infrared ke kristale e le 'ngoe ea Terbium Gallium Garnet (TGG), e leng thepa e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea magneto-optical bakeng sa ho etsa li-rotator le li-isolators tsa Faraday.
Bakeng sa khalase ea magneto optical
Faraday magneto optical glass e na le pepenene e ntle le isotropy libakeng tse bonahalang le tse infrared, 'me e ka etsa libopeho tse fapaneng tse rarahaneng.Ho bonolo ho hlahisa lihlahisoa tsa boholo bo boholo 'me e ka huleloa ka har'a likhoele tsa optical.Ka hona, e na le litebello tse pharaletseng tsa ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa magneto optical tse kang magneto optical isolators, magneto optical modulators, le fiber optic sensors hona joale.Ka lebaka la nako ea eona e kholo ea makenete le coefficient e nyane ea ho monya sebakeng se bonahalang le sa infrared, li-ion tsa Tb3 + li se li sebelisoa hangata ka har'a likhalase tsa magneto Optical.
Terbium dysprosium ferromagnetostrictive alloy
Qetellong ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, ka ho teba ho tsoelang pele ha phetoho ea theknoloji ea lefats'e, lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa tšebeliso ea lefatše tse sa tloaelehang li ile tsa hlaha ka potlako.Ka 1984, Univesithi ea Iowa State, Ames Laboratory ea Lefapha la Matla a United States, le Setsi sa Patlisiso sa Libetsa tsa Navy tsa US (moo basebetsi ba ka sehloohong ba Edge Technology Corporation (ET REMA) ba ileng ba tla) ba ile ba sebelisana ho theha mofuta o mocha o sa tloaelehang. lisebelisoa tse bohlale tsa lefats'e, e leng terbium dysprosium ferromagnetic magnetostrictive material.Thepa ena e ncha e bohlale e na le litšobotsi tse babatsehang tsa ho fetola matla a motlakase ka potlako hore e be matla a mochine.Li-transducer tse ka tlas'a metsi le li-electro-acoustic tse entsoeng ka thepa ena e kholo ea magnetostrictive li hlophisitsoe ka katleho lisebelisoa tsa metsing, libui tsa ho lemoha seliba sa oli, mekhoa ea ho laola lerata le ho sisinyeha, le lipatlisiso tsa leoatle le mekhoa ea puisano e ka tlas'a lefatše.Ka hona, hang ha terbium dysprosium iron giant magnetostrictive material e hlaha, e ile ya fumana tlhokomelo e atileng ho tswa ho dinaha tse ruileng indastering ho pota lefatshe.Edge Technologies United States e ile ea qala ho hlahisa thepa ea terbium dysprosium iron giant magnetostrictive ka 1989 'me ea e reha Terfenol D. Ka mor'a moo, Sweden, Japane, Russia, United Kingdom, le Australia le tsona li ile tsa hlahisa lisebelisoa tsa terbium dysprosium iron giant magnetostrictive.
Ho tloha nalaneng ea nts'etsopele ea thepa ena United States, ho qaptjoa ha thepa le lits'ebetso tsa eona tsa pele tsa monopolistic li amana ka kotloloho le indasteri ea sesole (joalo ka sesole sa metsing).Le hoja mafapha a sesole le tšireletso a Chaena a ntse a matlafatsa kutloisiso ea bona ea boitsebiso bona butle-butle.Leha ho le joalo, ka ntlafatso e kholo ea matla a naha a China a felletseng, tlhoko ea ho fihlela leano la tlholisano ea sesole sa lekholong la bo21 la lilemo le ho ntlafatsa maemo a lisebelisoa e tla ba ntho e potlakileng haholo.Ka hona, ts'ebeliso e atileng ea terbium dysprosium iron giant magnetostrictive materials ke mafapha a sesole le a ts'ireletso ea naha e tla ba tlhokahalo ea nalane.
Ka bokhutšoanyane, thepa e mengata e babatsehang eaterbiumetsa hore e be setho sa bohlokoa sa lisebelisoa tse ngata tse sebetsang le boemo bo ke keng ba nkeloa sebaka libakeng tse ling tsa kopo.Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la theko e phahameng ea terbium, batho ba ntse ba ithuta mokhoa oa ho qoba le ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea terbium e le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso.Mohlala, lisebelisoa tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefatše tsa magneto-optical le tsona li lokela ho sebelisa dysprosium iron cobalt e theko e tlase kapa gadolinium terbium cobalt ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang;Leka ho fokotsa litaba tsa terbium ka phofo e tala ea fluorescent e lokelang ho sebelisoa.Theko e fetohile ntlha ea bohlokoa e thibelang tšebeliso e atileng ea terbium.Empa lisebelisoa tse ngata tse sebetsang ha li khone ho etsa ntle le eona, kahoo re tlameha ho khomarela molao-motheo oa "ho sebelisa tšepe e ntle holim'a lehare" 'me u leke ho boloka tšebeliso ea terbium ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang.
Nako ea poso: Aug-07-2023