Bokamoso ba Merafo Rare Earth Elements Ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng
mohloli:AZO MiningLintho tse Rarehileng tsa Lefatše ke Life 'me li Fumaneha Hokae?Lintho tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefatše (REEs) li na le likarolo tsa tšepe tse 17, tse entsoeng ka li-lanthanides tse 15 tafoleng ea nakoana:LanthanumCeriumPraseodymiumNeodymiumPromethiumSamariumEuropiumGadoliniumTerbiumDysprosiumHolmiumErbiumThuliumYtterbiumUtetiumScandiumYttriumBongata ba tsona ha li fumanehe joalo ka ha lebitso la sehlopha le fana ka maikutlo empa li ile tsa rehoa ka lilemo tse makholo a 18 le 19, ha ho bapisoa le likarolo tse ling tse tloaelehileng tsa 'lefatše' tse kang lime le magnesia.Cerium ke REE e tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa ebile e ngata ho feta koporo kapa loto.Leha ho le joalo, ka mantsoe a jeoloji, li-REE ha li fumanehe hangata ka har'a li-deposit tse ngata joaloka seams tsa mashala, mohlala, li etsa hore ho be thata ho rafa moruong.Ho e-na le hoo li fumanoa mefuteng e mene e meholo e sa tloaelehang ea majoe;carbonatites, e leng majoe a sa tloaelehang a chefo a nkiloeng ho magmas a nang le carbonate-rich, alkaline igneous setting, ion-absorption clay deposits, le monazite-xenotime-bearer placers deposits.China e Rapa 95% ea Lintho tse Rare tsa Lefatše ho Khotsofatsa Tlhokahalo ea Mekhoa ea Bophelo ea Hi-Tech le Matla a TsosolositsoengHo tloha bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1990, China e busitse tlhahiso ea REE, e sebelisa li-deposit tsa eona tsa letsopa tse monyang, tse tsejoang e le 'South China Clays'.Ho bohlokoa hore China e etse joalo hobane li-deposit tsa letsopa li bonolo ho ntša li-REE ho sebelisa li-acid tse fokolang.Lintho tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefats'e li sebelisoa bakeng sa mefuta eohle ea lisebelisoa tsa theknoloji, ho kenyelletsa lik'homphieutha, li-DVD player, liselefouno, mabone, li-fiber optics, lik'hamera le libui, esita le lisebelisoa tsa sesole, tse kang li-jet engines, li-missile guide systems, satellites le anti - tshireletso ya metsu.Sepheo sa Tumellano ea Tlelaemete ea Paris ea 2015 ke ho fokotsa ho futhumala ha lefatše ho ea ka tlase ho 2 ˚C, haholo-holo 1.5 ˚C, maemo a pele ho indasteri.Sena se ekelitse tlhoko ea likoloi tse nchafalitsoeng le tsa motlakase, tse hlokang hore li-REE li sebetse.Ka 2010, China e phatlalalitse hore e tla fokotsa thekiso ea thepa ea REE ho phethahatsa tlhokahalo ea eona, empa hape e boloke boemo ba eona bo ka sehloohong ba ho fana ka lisebelisoa tsa hi-tech lefatšeng lohle.China hape e maemong a matla a moruo a ho laola phepelo ea li-REE tse hlokahalang bakeng sa matla a ka nchafatsoang joalo ka liphanele tsa letsatsi, moea, le li-turbine tsa matla a maqhubu, hammoho le likoloi tsa motlakase.Morero oa ho Tšoara Fertilizer ea Phosphogypsum Rare Earth ElementsPhosphogypsum ke sehlahisoa sa manyolo 'me se na le lintho tse hlahang ka tlhaho tse kang uranium le thorium.Ka lebaka lena, e bolokoa ka nako e sa lekanyetsoang, e nang le likotsi tse amanang le ho silafatsa mobu, moea le metsi.Ka hona, bafuputsi ba Univesithi ea Penn State, ba qapile mokhoa oa mekhahlelo e mengata ba sebelisa li-peptide tse entsoeng ka boenjiniere, likhoele tse khutšoanyane tsa li-amino acid tse ka khethollang ka nepo le ho arola li-REE ka ho sebelisa lesela le entsoeng ka ho khetheha.Kaha mekhoa ea khale ea karohano e sa lekana, morero o ikemiselitse ho qapa mekhoa e mecha ea karohano, lisebelisoa le lits'ebetso.Moralo ona o etelletsoe pele ke mohlala oa computational, o ntlafalitsoeng ke Rachel Getman, mofuputsi ea ka sehloohong le moprofesa ea amanang le boenjiniere ba lik'hemik'hale le biomolecular ho Clemson, le bafuputsi Christine Duval le Julie Renner, ba nts'etsapele limolek'hule tse tla ikamahanya le li-REE tse itseng.Greenlee e tla sheba tsela eo ba itšoarang ka eona metsing 'me e tla lekola tšusumetso ea tikoloho le menyetla e fapaneng ea moruo tlas'a moralo o fapaneng le maemo a ts'ebetso.Moprofesa oa boenjiniere ba lik’hemik’hale Lauren Greenlee, o bolela hore: “Kajeno, ho hakanngoa hore lithane tse 200 000 tsa lintho tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefatše li qabeletsoe litšila tse sa lokisoang tsa phosphogypsum Florida feela.”Sehlopha se supa hore ho hlaphoheloa ha setso ho amahanngoa le litšitiso tsa tikoloho le moruo, tseo hajoale li khutlisoang ho tsoa ho lisebelisoa tse kopaneng, tse hlokang ho chesoa ha mafura a khale, 'me ke mosebetsi o boima.Morero o mocha o tla shebana le ho li khutlisa ka mokhoa o ts'oarellang 'me li ka phatlalatsoa ka bongata bo boholo molemong oa tikoloho le moruo.Haeba projeke e ka atleha, e ka boela ea fokotsa ho itšetleha ha USA ho China bakeng sa ho fana ka likarolo tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefatše.Tšehetso ea Morero oa Sechaba sa Mahlale a SechabaMorero oa Penn State REE o tšehetsoa ka chelete ea lilemo tse 'nè ea $571,658, e etsang kakaretso ea $1.7 milione,' me ke tšebelisano-'moho le Case Western Reserve University le Clemson University.Mekhoa e Meng ea ho Fumana Lintho tse Rarehileng tsa LefatšeHo hlaphoheloa ha RRE hangata ho etsoa ka ts'ebetso e nyane, hangata ka ho ntša metsi le ho ntša solvent.Leha e le ts'ebetso e bonolo, leaching e hloka bongata bo bongata ba lik'hemik'hale tse kotsi, ho joalo le ka khoebo e sa rateheng.Ho ntša metsi a qhibilihileng ke mokhoa o atlehang empa ha o sebetse hantle hobane o sebetsa ka thata ebile o ja nako.Tsela e 'ngoe e tloaelehileng ea hore li-REE li boele li fumanehe ke ka temo ea temo, eo hape e tsejoang ka hore ke merafo ea elektronike, e kenyelletsang ho tsamaisa litšila tsa elektronike, tse kang lik'homphieutha tsa khale, mehala le thelevishene ho tloha linaheng tse fapa-fapaneng ho ea Chaena bakeng sa ho ntša REE.Ho latela Lenaneo la Tikoloho la UN, ho entsoe lithane tse fetang limilione tse 53 tsa litšila tsa elektronike ka selemo sa 2019, ka thepa e tala e ka bang limilione tse likete tse 57 e nang le li-REE le tšepe.Le hoja hangata ho nkoa e le mokhoa o tsitsitseng oa ho tsosolosa thepa, ha ho na mathata a eona a ntseng a hloka ho hlōloa.Agromining e hloka sebaka se sengata sa polokelo, limela tse nchafatsoang hape, litšila tsa lithōle ka mor'a hore REE e hlaphoheloe, 'me e kenyelletsa litšenyehelo tsa lipalangoang, tse hlokang ho chesa mafura a khale.Morero oa Univesithi ea Penn State o na le monyetla oa ho hlola mathata a mang a amanang le mekhoa ea khale ea ho hlaphoheloa ea REE haeba e ka khotsofatsa merero ea eona ea tikoloho le moruo.
