I-Magnesium alloy ineempawu zobunzima bokukhanya, ukuqina okuphezulu okuthe ngqo, ukumanzisa okuphezulu, ukungcangcazela kunye nokunciphisa ingxolo, ukuxhathisa kwimitha ye-electromagnetic, akukho ngcoliseko ngexesha lokusetyenzwa kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe, njl.Ke ngoko, i-magnesium alloy yaziwa ngokuba "izinto ezikhanyayo kunye nohlaza lwesakhiwo kwinkulungwane yama-21".Ityhila ukuba kubunzima obulula, ukonga amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwemveliso kwinkulungwane yama-21, umkhwa wokuba i-magnesium alloy iya kudlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi ikwabonisa ukuba ubume beshishini lezinto zentsimbi zehlabathi eziquka iTshayina ziya kutshintsha.Nangona kunjalo, ii-alloys ze-magnesium zemveli zinobuthathaka obuthile, obufana ne-oxidation elula kunye nokutsha, akukho ukumelana nomhlwa, ukuxhathisa okuphantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye namandla aphantsi obushushu obuphezulu.
Ithiyori kunye nokuziqhelanisa zibonisa ukuba umhlaba onqabileyo yeyona nto isebenzayo, isebenzayo kwaye ithembisayo ekwahlulayo ukoyisa obu buthathaka.Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-magnesium eninzi kunye nobutyebi bomhlaba obunqabileyo, ukuphuhlisa nokuzisebenzisa ngokwesayensi, kwaye uphuhlise uthotho lweealloyi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ze-magnesium ezineempawu zaseTshayina, kwaye ujike izibonelelo zobutyebi zibe yinzuzo yetekhnoloji kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho.
Ukuziqhelanisa nombono wophuhliso lwezenzululwazi, ukuthatha indlela yophuhliso oluzinzileyo, ukuziqhelanisa nokugcina ubutyebi kunye nokusingqongileyo kwindlela entsha yoshishino, kunye nokubonelela ngokukhanya, okuphezulu kunye nexabiso eliphantsi elinqabileyo lomhlaba le-magnesium alloy exhasa izinto zokuxhasa inqwelomoya, i-aerospace, ezothutho, "Ezintathu. C" amashishini kunye nawo onke amashishini okuvelisa baye baba iindawo ezishushu kunye nemisebenzi ephambili yelizwe, ishishini kunye nabaphandi abaninzi.I-alloy ye-magnesium yomhlaba enqabileyo kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kunye nexabiso eliphantsi kulindeleke ukuba libe yindawo yokuphumelela kunye namandla ophuhliso ekwandiseni isicelo i-magnesium alloy.
Ngo-1808, u-Humphrey Davey waqhekeza i-mercury kunye ne-magnesium kwi-amalgam okokuqala, kwaye ngo-1852 i-Bunsen i-electrolyzed magnesium esuka kwi-magnesium chloride okokuqala.Ukususela ngoko, i-magnesium kunye ne-alloy yayo ibe kwinqanaba lembali njengento entsha.IMagnesium kunye neealloys zayo zaphuhliswa ngokutsiba kunye nemida ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yamandla asezantsi e-magnesium esulungekileyo, kunzima ukusetyenziswa njengesixhobo solwakhiwo kwishishini.Enye yeendlela eziphambili zokuphucula amandla esinyithi se-magnesium kukudibanisa, oko kukuthi, ukongeza ezinye iintlobo zezinto ezixutywayo ukuphucula amandla esinyithi se-magnesium ngokusebenzisa isisombululo esiqinileyo, imvula, ukulungiswa kweenkozo kunye nokomeleza ukuchithwa, ukuze ikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno. yendawo yokusebenza enikiweyo.
Yeyona nto iphambili yokudityaniswa kwengxubevange ye-magnesium yomhlaba enqabileyo, kwaye uninzi lwemithombo ye-magnesium ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu iqulethe izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba.Umhlaba onqabileyo we-magnesium alloy uneempawu zokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye namandla aphezulu.Nangona kunjalo, kuphando lokuqala lwe-magnesium alloy, umhlaba onqabileyo usetyenziswa kuphela kwizinto ezithile ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu.I-alloy ye-magnesium yomhlaba enqabileyo isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimimandla yasemkhosini nakwi-aerospace. Nangona kunjalo, ngophuhliso loqoqosho lwentlalo, iimfuno eziphezulu zibekwe phambili ekusebenzeni kwe-magnesium alloy, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, umhlaba onqabileyo we-magnesium alloy iye kakhulu. eyandisiweyo kwimimandla yasemkhosini neyasekuhlaleni efana ne-aerospace, imijukujelwa, iimoto, unxibelelwano lwe-elektroniki, izixhobo njalo njalo.Ngokubanzi, uphuhliso lwe-alloy ye-magnesium enqabileyo yomhlaba inokwahlulwa ngokwezigaba ezine:
Inqanaba lokuqala: Kwi-1930s, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukongeza izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kwi-Mg-Al alloy kunokuphucula ukusebenza kobushushu obuphezulu be-alloy.
Inqanaba lesibini: Ngo-1947, uSauerwarld wafumanisa ukuba ukongeza iZr kwi-Mg-RE ialloy kunokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo i-alloy grain.Oku kufunyanisiweyo kuyisombulule ingxaki yetekhnoloji ye-alloy ye-magnesium enqabileyo yomhlaba, kwaye ngokwenene yabeka isiseko sophando kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-alloy ye-magnesium ekwazi ukumelana nobushushu.
Inqanaba lesithathu: Ngo-1979, i-Drits kunye nabanye bafumanisa ukuba ukudibanisa u-Y kunempembelelo eluncedo kakhulu kwi-alloy ye-magnesium, eyayiyenye into ebalulekileyo efunyenweyo ekuphuhliseni ubushushu obunqabileyo bomhlaba we-magnesium alloy.Ngesi siseko, uchungechunge lwe-WE-type alloys kunye nokumelana nokushisa kunye namandla aphezulu aphuhlisiwe.Phakathi kwazo, amandla okuqina, amandla okudinwa kunye nokumelana nokunyuka kwe-WE54 ingxubevange ithelekiseka nezo ze-aluminium ephosiweyo kwiqondo lobushushu kunye nobushushu obuphezulu.
Inqanaba lesine: Ikakhulu ibhekisa ekuhlolisweni kwe-Mg-HRE (i-heavy rare earth) i-alloy ukususela ngo-1990 ukuze ufumane i-magnesium alloy kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zemimandla ye-high-tech.Kwizinto ezinzima zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, ngaphandle kwe-Eu kunye ne-Yb, ubuninzi bokunyibilika okuqinileyo kwi-magnesium malunga ne-10% ~ 28%, kwaye ubuninzi bunokufikelela kwi-41%.Xa kuthelekiswa nokukhanya okunqabileyo komhlaba, izinto ezinzima ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zine-solubility ephezulu eqinileyo.Ngaphezu koko, ukunyibilika okuqinileyo kuncipha ngokukhawuleza ngokuhla kweqondo lobushushu, elineziphumo ezilungileyo zokuqinisa isisombululo kunye nokuqiniswa kwemvula.
Kukho imakethi enkulu yesicelo se-magnesium alloy, ngakumbi phantsi kwemvelaphi yokunqongophala kwemithombo yesinyithi efana nentsimbi, i-aluminium kunye nobhedu emhlabeni, izibonelelo zezibonelelo kunye nemveliso ye-magnesium iya kwenziwa ngokupheleleyo, kwaye i-magnesium ialloy iya kuba yi-alloy. izinto zobunjineli ezikhula ngokukhawuleza.Ukujongana nophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezixhobo zentsimbi ye-magnesium kwihlabathi, eTshayina, njengomvelisi omkhulu kunye nomthengisi wemithombo ye-magnesium, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza uphando olunzulu lwethiyori kunye nophuhliso lwesicelo se-magnesium alloy.Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku, isivuno esiphantsi seemveliso eziqhelekileyo ze-magnesium alloy, ukuxhathisa okungahambi kakuhle, ukuxhathisa ubushushu kunye nokumelana nomhlwa kuseyimiqobo ethintela ukusetyenziswa kwe-magnesium alloy enkulu.
Izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zinesakhiwo se-elektroniki se-extranuclear.Ngoko ke, njengento ebalulekileyo yokudibanisa, izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zidlala indima ekhethekileyo kwi-metallurgy kunye nezinto eziphathekayo, ezifana nokuhlanjululwa kwe-alloy melt, ukulungiswa kwe-alloy structure, ukuphucula iipropati ze-alloy mechanical kunye nokumelana nomhlwa, njl. zisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwintsimbi kunye ne-nonferrous metal alloys.Kwintsimi ye-magnesium alloy, ngakumbi kwintsimi ye-magnesium alloy-resistant-resistant alloy, iindawo ezibalaseleyo zokuhlanjululwa kunye nokomeleza umhlaba onqabileyo zibonwa ngokuthe ngcembe ngabantu.Umhlaba onqabileyo uthathwa njengeyona nto idibanisayo enexabiso elininzi lokusetyenziswa kunye neyona ndlela inamandla yophuhliso kwi-alloy ye-magnesium enganyangekiyo kubushushu, kwaye indima yayo ekhethekileyo ayinakuthathelwa indawo zezinye izinto ezidibanisayo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abaphandi basekhaya nakwamanye amazwe baye baqhuba intsebenziswano ebanzi, besebenzisa i-magnesium kunye nemithombo yomhlaba enqabileyo ukufundisisa ngokucwangcisiweyo iialloys ze-magnesium ezinomhlaba onqabileyo.Ngelo xesha, i-Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, i-Academy yaseShayina yeSayensi izinikele ekuhloleni nasekuphuhliseni i-alloys ye-magnesium enqabileyo yomhlaba enexabiso eliphantsi kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu, kwaye iphumelele iziphumo ezithile. .
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-04-2022