Ubusazi? Inkqubo yabantu efumanayoyttriumyayigcwele i-twists kunye nemiceli mngeni. Ngo-1787, iSwede kaKarl Axenius yafumanisa ukuba i-ore enkulu yafumanisa i-quandown emnyama ne-Ore emnyama kwilali yakhe yedolophu yakhe yaza yabiza ngokuba yi "Ytterbite". Emva koko, izazinzulu ezininzi kubandakanya uJohan Gadalin, Anders Gustav Ekberg, uFridrich Wöhlele nabanye baqhuba uphando malunga nale-ore.
Ngo-1794, iFinnish Chemist Jahalin yahlulahlula-hlula ngempumelelo i-oxide entsha evela eYtterbium ore kwaye yabiza ngokuba yiYttrium. Esi yayilixesha lokuqala lokuba abantu bafumanisa ukuba into enqabileyo yomhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, oku kwafunyanwa akukhange kube kutsala ingqalelo enkulu.
Ixesha elingaphezulu, izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ezinye izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo. Ngo-1803, i-klaproth yaseJamani kwaye iSwededes Pightzinger kunye neBerzelius yafumanisa iCerium. Ngo-1839, iSwede Mosander yafumanisai-lanthanum. Ngo-1843, wafumanisa i-Erium kwayeI-Terbium. Ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo zibonelela ngesiseko esibalulekileyo sophando lwezenzululwazi olulandelayo.
Kwakungekho kude kube sekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 ukuba izazinzulu zahlulahlula-hlula inqaku "yttrium" kwi-Ytrium Ore. Ngo-1885, i-Austrian Wilsbach ifumene i-neodiyoium kunye ne-rasehedymuum. Ngo-1886, iBois-Baudran yafunyanwadysprosium. Ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo zicebise ngakumbi usapho olukhulu lwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba.
Ngaphezulu kwenkulungwane emva kokufunyanwa kweYttrium, ngenxa yokusikelwa kweemeko zobugcisa, izazinzulu azikwazanga ukucoca le nto, eziye zabangela ezinye iimbambano kunye neempazamo. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuzange kuthabathe izazinzulu kwinzondelelo yazo yokufunda i-yttrium.
Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yesayensi kunye netekhnoloji, izazinzulu zaqalisa ukukwazi ukucoca izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo. Ngo-1901, isiFrentshi Eugene De Marsseille safunyanwaI-Europium. Ngo-1907-1908, i-Austrian Wilsbach kunye nesiFrentshi Ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo zibonelela ngesiseko esibalulekileyo sophando lwezenzululwazi olulandelayo.
Kwisayensi yale mihla kunye neTekhnoloji, ukusetyenziswa kweYttrium kuya kuqhubeka ngakumbi nangakumbi. Ngokuqhubela phambili phambili kwezenzululwazi netekhnoloji, ukuqonda kwethu nokusetyenziswa kwe-Yttrium kuya kuba bunzulu ngakumbi.
Amasimi esetyenziswayo ye-Yttrium Ament
1.Iglasi ye-optical kunye ne-ceramics:I-Yttrium isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekwenzeni iglasi yokukhanya kunye ne-ceramics, ikakhulu ekwenzeni i-ceramic ye-ceramics ebonakalayo kunye neglasi yokukhanya. Iikhomputer zayo zinezinto ezibonakalayo ezibalaseleyo kwaye zinokusetyenziselwa ukwenza amacandelo ee-lars, i-fiber-optic of kunye nezinye izixhobo.
2. Iiphosphors:I-YTTRIUM compompors idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-phosphors kwaye inokuthi ikhuphe i-fluorescence, ngoko ke zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukwenza izikrini zeTV, izixhobo zokubeka iliso kunye nezixhobo zokukhanyisa.Yttrium oxideKwaye ezinye iikhomputer zihlala zisetyenziswa njengezinto ze-luminescececececececececececececent ukuphucula ukuqaqamba kunye nokuchazwa kokukhanya.
I-3. I-alloy yongezwa: Kwimveliso ye-Alloys yensimbi, i-yttrium ihlala isetyenziswa njengesongezo ukuphucula iipropathi zoomatshini kunye nokunganyangeki kwezinyithi.Yttrium alloyszihlala zisetyenziselwa ukwenza intsimbi ephakamileyo yentsimbi kwayeI-Aluminium Waloys, ukubangela ukuba ubushushu buxhathise kunye nokunganyangeki.
I-4. I-Catalysts: I-Yttrium Matlands idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwezinye i-catalysts kwaye inokukhawulezisa umgangatho wokuphendula kweekhemikhali. Zisetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo zokucoca iimoto kunye ne-cataights kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa imizi-mveliso, ukuncedisa ukunciphisa ukuphuma kwezinto eziyingozi.
5. Itekhnoloji yokucinga yonyango: I-Yttrium isotopes isetyenziswa kwitekhnoloji yokucinga yezonyango ukuze ilungiselele isotopes ye-radiopes, enjengokutsala i-radiaphang radiaphactives kunye nokuchonga imvakalelo yonyango yenyukliya.
6. Itekhnoloji ye-laser:I-YTTRIUM ion i-Laser eqinileyo-yombuso eqinileyo esetyenziswa kuphando ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi, iyeza lase-laser kunye nezicelo zemveliso. Ukwenziwa kwezi zithuthi kufuna ukusetyenziswa kweempompo ezithile ze-Yttrium njengezinto eziqinisekileyoI-.yttrium yezintoKwaye izithintelo zazo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiSayensi yanamhlanje neTekhnoloji kunye neMicimbi emininzi efana ne-optics, inzululwazi yezixhobo, kwaye zenze igalelo elifanelekileyo kwinkqubela phambili yoluntu.
Iipropathi zomzimba ze-yttrium
Inombolo yeatomic yeyttriumNgaba ngu-39 kunye nophawu lwayo lweekhemikhali ngu-y.
1. Imbonakalo:I-Yttrium yi-Sillove-inyithi emhlophe.
I-2. Ukuxinana:Ukuxinana kwe-Yttrium ngu-4.47 g / cm3, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yenye yezona zinto zinzima emhlabeni.
I-3. Indawo yokunyibilika:Indawo yokunyibilika ye-yttrium yi-1522 degrees celsius (i-2782 degrees fahrede), ebhekisele kwiqondo lokushisa apho i-Yttrium itshintsha khona kwi-subrmation.
I-4. Inqaku lokubila:Indawo yokubila ye-yttrium yi-3336 degrees Celsius (6037 degrees fahrede), ebhekisele kubushushu apho i-Ytrium iguquka kwirhasi ephantsi kwegesi phantsi kweemeko zerhasi.
5. Isigaba:Kubushushu begumbi, i-yttrium ikwimo eqinileyo.
I-6. Ukuqhutywa:IYttrium ngumqhubi olungileyo wombane ngokuphunyezwa okuphezulu, ngenxa yoko ineenkqubo ezithile kwi-elektroniki isixhobo sokwenza i-elektroniki kunye netekhnoloji yesekethe.
I-7. I-Magneting:I-Yttrium yindawo ye-paramagnetic kwiqondo lobushushu legumbi, oko kuthetha ukuba ayinampendulo ecacileyo yemagnetic kumabala e-magnetic.
8. Ubume be-crystal: I-Yttrium ikhona kwi-hexagonal enesikrista esineekristale.
I-9. Ithamsa yeatomic:Umthamo weatom ye-Yttrium yi-19.8 Iisentimitha ze-cuic ngemole, ebhekisele kwi-ivoramu ephelelwe yi-mole enye ye-yttrium atom.
I-Yttrium yindawo yentsimbi enobungqungquthela okuphezulu kunye nokunyibilika, kwaye inomgangatho ofanelekileyo, ngoko inesicelo esibalulekileyo kwi-elektroniki, isayensi yezixhobo. Kwangelo xesha, iYttrium ikwayinto eqhelekileyo enqabileyo, edlala indima ebalulekileyo kolunye itekhnoloji kunye nezicelo zeshishini.
Iipropathi zeekhemikhali ze-yttrium
I-1. Isimboli yekhemikhali kunye neqela: Umqondiso wekhemikhali yeYttrium yi-Y, kwaye ibekwe kwisithuba setafile yesihlanu, iqela lesithathu, elifana nezinto ze-lanthen.
I-2. Ubume be-elektroniki: Ubume be-elektroniki ye-Yttrium 2s² 2s² 2P⁶ 3s² 3P⁶ 4D¹⁰ 4s² 4F⁶ 4f¹⁴ 5F² 5F¹⁴ 5F² 5F² 5F² 5F² 5F² 5F² 5F² 5F² 5F² 5F² 5F² 5F² 5F² 5F² 5F² 5F² 5F² 5F² 5F² 5F² 5F². Kwi-Electron yase-Electroni, i-yttrium inee-elektroniki ze-Electroni.
I-3. I-Galence State: I-Yttrium ihlala ibonisa imeko ye-valence ye-+3, yeyona meko ixhaphakileyo, kodwa inokubonisa imvakalelo ye-vayer ye-+2 ne- +1.
4. Ukuhlawulwa kwakhona: IYttrium sisinyithi esizinzileyo, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe i-axiving xa ityhilwe xa ityhilwe ngumoya, yakha ungqimba lwe-oxide kumphezulu. Oku kubangela iYttrium ukuphulukana ne-luster yayo. Ukukhusela i-yttrium, idla ngokugcinwa kwindawo eyomileyo.
5. Ukuphendula ngee-oxis: I-Yttrium Reads ngee-oxides ukwenza imidibaniso eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanyayttrium oxide(Y2o3). I-Yttrium oxide ihlala isetyenziselwa ukwenza iphosphorrs kunye ne-ceramics.
I-6. ** Impendulo kunye ne-Acids **: IYttrium inokusabela nge-asidi eyomeleleyo ukuba ivelise ii-SET ezihambelanayo, njengeyttrium hloride (Ycl3) okanyeyttrium sulfate (Y2 (I-SO4) 3).
7. Ukuphendula ngamanzi: I-Yttrium ayiphenduli ngokuthe ngqo ngamanzi phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, kodwa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, inokusabela ngomphunga wamanzi ukuvelisa i-hydrogen kunye ne-yttrim oxide.
8. Ukuphendula kunye ne-sulfides kunye ne-carbrides: I-Yttrium inokusabela nge-sulfides kunye ne-carbides ukwenza amakhowa ahambelana ne-Yttrium Sulfide (YC2). I-9. Isokoti: IYttrium ine-isotopes ezininzi, ezona zizinza zeYettrium-89 (^ 89y), enesiqingatha sobomi benyukliya kwaye isetyenziselwa iilebheli.
I-Yttrium yindawo eqingqiweyo enemifanekiso enamazwe amaninzi e-valence kunye namandla okusabela kunye nezinye izinto ukwenza amakhowa. Inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ezichwetheza, inzululwazi yezixhobo, amayeza kunye nezemveliso, ingakumbi kwimveliso, i-ceramic, kunye netekhnoloji ye-laser.
Ipropathi yebhayoloji ye-yttrium
Iipropathi zebhayoloji zeyttriumKwizinto eziphilayo zinqongophele.
1. Ubukho kunye nokuGqibezela: Nangona uYutrium ayisiyonto ibalulekileyo ebomini, i-trace izixa ze-yttrium inokufumaneka kwindalo, kubandakanya umhlaba, amatye, namanzi. Izinto eziphilayo zinokufaka umkhondo wexabiso le-yttrium ngekhonkco lokutya, zihlala emhlabeni kunye nezityalo.
I-2 .Ukufunyanwa: I-biaaaaaiff ye-Yttrium iphantsi, oko kuthetha ukuba izinto eziphilayo zinobunzima ngokubanzi zinengxaki yokufumana kwaye isebenzise i-yttrim ngokufanelekileyo. Uninzi lweekhawuntari zeYttrium azithathelwa lula kwizinto eziphilayo, ngoko ke zidla ngokupheliswa.
3. Ukuhanjiswa kwezinto eziphilayo: Kanye kwilungu lezinto, i-yttrium ikakhulu ihanjiswa ikakhulu kwizicubu ezinje ngesibindi, izintso, imiphunga kunye namathambo. Ngokukodwa, amathambo anengxaki ye-yttrium.
I-4. I-metabolism kunye nokuncwina: Imetabolism ye-Yttrium emzimbeni womntu incinci kuba ihlala ishiya ilungu lezinto. Uninzi lwayo lupheliswe ngumchamo, kwaye inokukhutshwa ngendlela yokwahlula.
I-5. Ityhefu: Ngenxa yebhayili yayo ephantsi, iYttrium ayihlali iqokelele kwimigangatho eyingozi kwizinto eziqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuvezwa kwe-nettrium ephezulu kunokuba nefuthe eliyingozi kwizinto eziphilayo, ezikhokelela kwiziphumo zetyhefu. Le meko ihlala yenzeka kunqabile ukuba i-Yttrium yobuxakeka kwindalo ihlala iphantsi kwaye ayisebenzi kakhulu okanye ayifumaneki kwi-Oltisms.Iziimpawu ze-biologis ze-biologiss zibonakaliswa kakhulu kubomi. Nangona inganayo impembelelo ebonakalayo kwizinto eziphilayo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, ukuvezwa kwe-nettrium ephezulu kunokubangela iingozi zempilo. Ke ngoko, uphando lwenzululwazi kunye nokubeka iliso kusabalulekile kwifuthe lokhuseleko kunye nebhayoloji ye-Ytrium.
Ukuhanjiswa kwe-yttrium kwindalo
IYttrium yindawo enqabileyo yomhlaba esasazwa ngokubanzi kwindalo, nangona ingekho kwifom ecocekileyo.
1. Ukuvela kuMhlaba oMhlaba woMhlaba: Ubuninzi beYettrium kwi-rust yomhlaba busezantsi, kunye nokuxinana okuphakathi kwama-33 mg / kg. Oku kwenza i-yttrium yenye yezinto ezinqabileyo.
I-Yttrium ikakhulu ikhona kwifom yezimbiwa, ihlala kunye nezinye izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo. Ezinye iiminerals ezinkulu ze-yttrium zibandakanya i-Yttrium ye-iron gagnet (yig) kunye ne-yttrium oxilate (Y2 (C24) 3).
2. Ukuhanjiswa kweNdalo: Iidipozithi ze-Yttrium zisasazwa kwihlabathi liphela, kodwa ezinye iindawo zinokuba sisityebi eYttrium. Ezinye iidipozithi ezinkulu ze-yttrium zingafumaneka kule mimandla ilandelayo: I-Australia, iChina, eRashiya, i-India, i-India, i-Scavinavia, njl njl. Oku kudla ngokubandakanya ukwenza i-achid leaching kunye neenkqubo zokwahlula kwemichiza ukufumana i-yttrity yettrium ephezulu.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezinje nge-Yttrium ayihlali ikho ngohlobo lwezinto ezinyulu, kodwa zixutywe nezinye izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo. Ke ngoko, ukukhutshwa kwe-chaity ephezulu ye-yttrium kufuna ukuqhubekeka kweekhemikhali kunye neenkqubo zokwahluka. Ukongeza, ukuhanjiswa kweizinto ezinqabileyo zomhlabaInqunyelwe, ke ukuqwalaselwa kolawulo lwazo lwezixhobo kunye nokuzinza kwendalo kubalulekile.
Ukugoba, ukuthumelwa kunye nokunyibilikisa into ye-yttrium
I-Yttrium yindawo enqabileyo yomhlaba ehlala ingabikho kwifom yeYttrium, kodwa kwi-Ytrium Ore. Oku kulandelayo yintshayelelo eneenkcukacha kwiMigodi kunye nenkqubo yokuphucula into ye-yttrium
I-1. Imigodi ye-yttrium ore:
Ukuhlola: Okokuqala, oochwephesha kunye neenjineli zemigogo baqhuba umsebenzi wokuphononongwa ukuze ufumane iidipozithi eziqukethe i-yttrium. Oku kudla ngokubandakanya izifundo zeJomological, ukuhlolwa kwe-geophysical, kunye nohlalutyo lweesampula. Ukugonywa: Nje ukuba idiphozithi ifunyenwe i-Yttrium ifunyenwe, i-ore imbiwe. Ezi diphozithi zihlala zibandakanya i-ores oxide efana ne-yttrium pagnet (yig) okanye i-yttrium oxilate (y2 (c24) 3). Ukutyunyuzwa: Emva kwemigodi, i-ore ihlala iphulwe kwiziqwenga ezincinci zokwenza.
2. Ukukhupha ittrium:I-Chemicanting Leach: I-ore etyhefu idla ngokuthunyelwa kwi-smelter, apho i-yttrium ikhutshwe ngokulandela iikhemikhali. Le nkqubo idla ngokusebenzisa isisombululo sokufumana i-achidic, njenge-sulfuric acid, ukunyibilikisa i-yttrium ukusuka kwi-ore. Ukwahlula: Nje ukuba iYttrium ichithwe, ihlala ixutywe nezinye izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kunye nokungcola. Ukukhupha iYttrium wobunyulu obuphezulu, inkqubo yokwahlula iyafuneka, ihlala isebenzisa ukukhutshelwa kweSolvent, i-ion yokutshintshiselana okanye ezinye iindlela zekhemikhali. I-PREPUPER: IYTTRIUM yahlulwa kwezinye izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ngokuthatha izinto ezifanelekileyo zekhemikhali zokwenza iimpuphu eziqaqambileyo zeYttrium. Ukomisa kunye nokuhlawuliswa: I-Incrium efunyenweyo i-Jttrium ihlala inyanzelekile kwaye ingabalekele ukususa umswakama kunye nokungcola ukuba ekugqibeleni ifumane isinyithi esicocekileyo okanye isinyithi.
Iindlela zokufumanisa ze-yttrium
Iindlela zokufunyanwa eziqhelekileyo ze-Yttrium ikakhulu zibandakanya i-atomic yokufundela i-atomic spectroscopy (AAS), i-ICP-MS), i-ICP-MS), i-X-ray rusorescence spectrascopy (xrf), njlf.
I-1. I-Atomic Atomucy Spektroscopy (AAS):I-AAS yinto eqhelekileyo yokuhlaziya indlela esetyenziswayo isetyenziswe kakuhle ngokumisela umxholo we-Yttrium kwisisombululo. Le ndlela isekwe kwi-phenomenon yokufakelwa xa into ekujoliswe kuyo kwisampulu iqinisekisa ukukhanya kwesaphulelo. Okokuqala, isampulu iguqulwa ibe yindlela yokulinganisa ngokusebenzisa amanyathelo athile anjengokuphambana kwegesi kunye nokuma kweqondo eliphezulu. Emva koko, ukukhanya okuhambelana ne-wavelength yento ekujoliswe kuyo idluliselwa kwisampulu, ukuqina kokukhanya okulinganiswa nesampulu kubalwa ngokuthelekisa isisombululo se-Ytrium esemgangathweni.
I-2. I-Inburmass Spect Spectrometry (ICP-MS):I-ICP-NS yindlela enobuthathaka kakhulu bohlalutyo olufanelekileyo ngokumisela umxholo we-yttrium kwi-allit kunye neesampulu eziqinileyo. Le ndlela iguqula isampulu ibe ngamasuntswana abizelweyo aze asebenzise i-spectrameter enkulu yohlalutyo lwesininzi. I-ICP-Nks inoluhlu olubanzi lobubanzi kunye nesisombululo esiphezulu, kwaye sinokumisela umxholo wezinto ezininzi ngexesha elinye. Ukufunyanwa kwe-yttrium, i-ICP-MS inokubonelela ngemida yokufunyanwa ephantsi kakhulu kunye nokuchaneka okuphakathi.
I-3. I-X-Ray FluoresceT Spectuctrometry (xrf):I-XRF ngumntu ongenamandla ohlalutyo ofanelekileyo ofanelekileyo ekugqityweni komxholo we-Yttrium kwiisampulu eziqinileyo nezilo lwamanzi. Le ndlela ichaza umxholo wenqaku ngokunkcenkceshela umphezulu wesampulu kunye ne-X-rays kunye nokulinganisa ubunzulu be-faksm ye-facoresm kwisampulu. I-XRF ineengenelo zesantya esikhawulezayo, ukusebenza okulula, kunye nokukwazi ukumisela izinto ezininzi ngaxeshanye. Nangona kunjalo, i-XRF inokudityaniswa kuhlalutyo lwe-Yttrium ephantsi, ikhokelela kwiimpazamo ezinkulu.
I-4. I-Incull Apped Plassion Ext Spectrometry (i-ICP-OE):I-PRASMA YOKUGQIBELA I-PRASMA YOKUGQIBELA I-SPROPRY SPRECTROMETRY yindlela enobuthathaka kwaye isetyenziswa ngendlela efanelekileyo yohlalutyo. Iyikhupha isampulu kwaye iyifake iplasma yokulinganisa i-wavelength ekhethekileyo kunye nobunzulu bof yttriumukuphuma kwi-spectrometer. Ukongeza kwezi ndlela zingasentla, zikho iindlela ezisetyenziswayo zokuchongwa kweYttrium, kubandakanya indlela ye-electrochemical, i-Special Repmometry, njl.
Ukusetyenziswa okuthile kwe-Ytrium ye-Atomic Atomic
Kwinqanaba lemilinganiselo, ngokungagungqiyo kwi-Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) yindlela enobuthathaka kakhulu kwaye idla ngokuchonga ukufumanisa ukugxininiswa kwezinto, kubandakanya i-yttrium. Oku kulandelayo yinkqubo eneenkcukacha zokuvavanya iYttrium kwi-ICP-Nks:
I-1. Ukulungiselela isampulu:
Isampulu ihlala inyibilikisiwe okanye ichithwe kwifom yolwelo yohlalutyo lwe-ICP-MD. Oku kungenziwa ngokuchithwa kwemichiza, ukufudumeza ukugaya okanye ezinye iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokulungiselela.
Ukulungiswa kwesampulu kufuna iimeko ezicocekileyo kakhulu zokuthintela ungcoliseko lwezinto zangaphandle. Ilabhoratri kufuneka ithathe amanyathelo ayimfuneko okuphepha ungcoliseko lwesampulu.
2. Isizukulwana se-ICP:
I-ICP iveliswa ngokwazisa i-argon okanye irhasi ye-argon-yeoksijini kwi-plasma ye-plasma evaliweyo. Ukuqhekeka okuphezulu kwemvula ivelisa idangatye lasePlasma eliqatha, esiyindawo yokuqala yohlalutyo.
Iqondo lobushushu leplasma limalunga ne-8000 ukuya kwi-10000 degrees Celsius, ephakamileyo ngokwaneleyo ukuba iguqule izinto kwisampulu ye-Ionic.
3. I-Ionstion kunye nokwahlukana:Nje ukuba isampulu ingena kwiPlasma, izinto ezikuyo zenziwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba ii-atom zilahlekelwa yi-elektroni enye okanye ezingaphezulu, zenza i-IDIATION. I-ICP-Nks isebenzisa i-spectrometer enkulu yokwahlula ii-ions zezinto ezahlukeneyo, zihlala zingu-Mass-to-racio ratio (m / z). Oku kuvumela ii-ion zezinto ezahlukeneyo ukuba zihlukane kwaye zahlalutya emva koko.
4. I-Spectrimetry ye-4I-ion ye-ions ehambileyo ingena kwi-spectrometer enkulu, ihlala i-quadrrupole i-quadcrometer okanye i-magnetic scanmen spectrometer. Kwisithuba se-mass, ii-Ions zezinto ezahlukeneyo zahlukaniswe kwaye zifunyenwe ngokwemilinganiselo yazo yokuhlawula. Oku kuvumela ubukho kunye nokugxininiswa kwento nganye ekufuneka igqitywe. Enye yeenzuzo ze-Plasma e-Spesma ye-Plasma eNtshatsheli sisigqibo esiphezulu, esikwenza ukuba sibone izinto ezininzi ngaxeshanye.
5. Ukulungiswa kwedatha:Idatha eveliswe yi-ICP-Nks ihlala kufuneka iqhubeke kwaye ihlaziywe ukumisela uxinzelelo lwezinto kwisampulu. Oku kubandakanya ukuthelekisa umqondiso wokufunyanwa kwimigangatho yogxininiso eyaziwayo, kunye nokulungiswa.
6. Iziphumo zengxelo:Iziphumo zokugqibela zinikezelwa njengoxinzelelo okanye ipesenti yobuninzi yento. Ezi ziphumo zinokusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya iSayensi yoMhlaba, uhlalutyo lwendalo, uvavanyo lokutya, uphando lwezonyango, njl.
I-ICP-Nni yindlela echanekileyo kwaye enobuthathaka ilungele uhlalutyo lwezinto ezininzi, kubandakanya i-yttrium. Nangona kunjalo, ifuna isixhobo esinobunzima kunye nobuchule, ke ngoko idla ngokwenziwa kwelebhu okanye kwiZiko loHlahlelo lokuSebenza. Ngokwenyani, kuyafuneka ukukhetha indlela efanelekileyo yokulinganisa ngokweemfuno ezithile zendawo. Ezi ndlela zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuhlalutyo kunye nokufunyanwa kwe-Ytterbium kwilebhu kunye namashishini.
Emva kokushwankathela oku kungasentla, sinokugqiba kwelokuba yttrium yindawo enomdla kakhulu yekhemikhali enezinto ezizodwa zomzimba kunye neepropathi zekhemikhali, ezibaluleke kakhulu kuPhando lwezeNzululwazi kunye neMicimbi yesicelo. Nangona senze inkqubela phambili ekuqondeni kwethu, imibuzo emininzi efuna ezinye iintlobo zophando kunye nokuhlola. Ndiyathemba ukuba intshayelelo yethu inokunceda abafundi baqonde ngcono le nto inomdla kwaye ikhuthaze uthando lomntu wonke kunye nomdla wokufumana umdla.
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I-Post Time: I-Nov-28-2024