Izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamileizinto zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile zokukhiqiza izinto zokugcina i-hydrogen, izinto zikazibuthe ze-NdFeB ezihlala unomphela, izinto ze-magnetostrictive, njll. Zibuye zisetshenziswe kabanzi ezimbonini zensimbi ezingenayo ayoni nezimboni zensimbi.Kodwa umsebenzi wayo wensimbi unamandla kakhulu, futhi kunzima ukuwukhipha kuma-compounds awo usebenzisa izindlela ezijwayelekile ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile.Emkhiqizweni wezimboni, izindlela eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswayo i-electrolysis kasawoti encibilikisiwe kanye nokunciphisa ukushisa ukuze kukhiqizwe izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile kusuka kuma-chloride omhlaba angavamile, ama-fluoride, nama-oxides.I-electrolysis kasawoti encibilikisiwe iyindlela eyinhloko yezimboni yokukhiqiza izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile ezinamaphoyinti aphansi ancibilikayo, kanye nenye.izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamilefuthiizingxube zomhlaba ezingavamilenjengei-lanthanum, i-cerium, i-praseodymium, futhii-neodymium.Inezici zesilinganiso esikhulu sokukhiqiza, asikho isidingo sokuncishiswa kwama-ejenti, ukukhiqiza okuqhubekayo, nomnotho oqhathaniswayo kanye nokwenza lula.
Ukukhiqizwa kweizinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamilekanye nama-alloys nge-electrolysis kasawoti encibilikisiwe ingenziwa ezinhlelweni ezimbili zikasawoti ezincibilikisiwe, okungukuthi uhlelo lwe-chloride kanye nesistimu ye-fluoride oxide.Owokuqala unendawo encibilikayo ephansi, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezingabizi, nokusebenza okulula;Lokhu kokugcina kunokwakheka kwe-electrolyte okuzinzile, akulula ukumunca umswakama kanye ne-hydrolyze, futhi kunezinkomba zobuchwepheshe eziphakeme ze-electrolysis.Kancane kancane ithathe indawo yokuqala futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini.Nakuba lezi zinhlelo ezimbili zinezici zenqubo ezihlukene, imithetho yetiyori ye-electrolysis ngokuyisisekelo iyahambisana.
Ukuze esindayoizinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamilengamaphoyinti aphezulu okuncibilika, indlela yokunciphisa ukushisa kwe-distillation isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza.Le ndlela inezinga elincane lokukhiqiza, ukusebenza kwezikhawu, kanye nezindleko eziphakeme, kodwa ingathola imikhiqizo ehlanzekile ngokusebenzisa i-distillation eminingi.Ngokwezinhlobo zama-agent okunciphisa, kukhona indlela yokunciphisa i-calcium, indlela yokunciphisa ukushisa kwe-lithium, indlela yokunciphisa ukushisa kwe-lanthanum (cerium), indlela yokunciphisa ukushisa kwe-silicon, indlela yokunciphisa i-carbon thermal, njll.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-28-2023