Gadolinium, gawo 64 la tebulo la nthawi.
Lantanide mu tebulo la nthawi ndi banja lalikulu, ndipo mankhwala awo amapangira zinthu zofanana kwambiri, motero ndizovuta kuwalekanitsa. Mu 1789, katswiri wa Chinema John Godolin adapeza zitsulo oxide ndipo adapeza woyamba wa oxide -YNTRIum (III) OxideChifukwa chowunikira, kutsegula mbiri yapezeka kwa zinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi. Mu 1880, Demedist Wasayansi Demediak adapeza zinthu ziwiri zatsopano, imodzi mwazomwe zidatsimikiziridwa kutimhamarium, ndipo winayo adazindikiridwa mwadongosolo ngati chinthu chatsopano, gadolinium, atayeretsedwa ndi Debuwa Bode Bode.
Gadolinium demesics yochokera ku silicon beryllium gadolinium Ore, yomwe imakhala yotsika mtengo, yofewa pakupanga, zabwino mu kutentha kwa file, ndipo ndi chinthu chogwira ntchito padziko lapansi. Imakhala yokhazikika mu mpweya wowuma, koma kutaya chinyezi chambiri, ndikupanga ma floke komanso mosavuta. Mukawotchedwa mlengalenga, imatha kutulutsa ma oxide oyera. Gadolinium amatenga pang'onopang'ono ndi madzi ndipo amatha kusungunuka mu asidi kuti apange mchere wopanda utoto. Mankhwala ake ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi ena lantanide, koma matsenga ake ndi maginito ake ndi osiyana pang'ono. Gadolinium ndi paramagnetism pa kutentha kwa firiji ndi Ferromagnetic pambuyo pozizira. Makhalidwe ake atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza maginito okhazikika.
Pogwiritsa ntchito paramagnetism ya Gadolinium, wa gadolinium wopangidwa wakhala wochita bwino kwa NMR. Kafukufuku wodziyesa wa magicleyar wamatsenga wa nyukiliya wayambitsidwa, ndipo pakhala pali njira 6 Nobel yogwirizana ndi izo. Kubwezeretsa maginito Kutengera mafunde a elekitomaagnetic omwe amapezeka ndi osiyanasiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana, maudindo ndi mtundu wa zigawo za atomiki zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chinthu ichi chitha kutsimikizika, ndipo chithunzi cha chinthu chamkati chitha kujambulidwa. Pochita zamatsenga, chizindikiro cha ukadaulo wamatsenga wa nyukiliya umachokera ku spin ya edclio, monga haidrojeni m'madzi. Komabe, izi zimaponya mizere ya rf m'munda wa maginito, zofanana ndi uvuni wa microwave, zomwe zimachepetsa chizindikiro cha ukadaulo wamatsenga. Gadolinium ion samangokhala ndi mphindi yamagetsi yokhathamiritsa, yomwe imathandiza kupindika kwa nyukiliya, imawongolera kuthekera kwa matenda osokoneza bongo, komanso zimakhazikika mozizwitsa. Komabe, Gadolinium ali ndi zoopsa zina, komanso zamankhwala, kubera magigands kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika ma ionsteaum kuti alepheretse kulowa tino.
Gadolinium ali ndi mphamvu yamphamvu yam'madzi kutentha kwa firiji, ndipo kutentha kwake kumasiyanasiyana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, yomwe imabweretsa ntchito yosangalatsa - firiji ya Magnetic. Pakampaniyi, chifukwa chotsatira magnetic dip dipole, maginito adzatenthetsa pamavuto ena akunja. Maginito akachotsedwa ndi kuthiridwa, kutentha kwakuthwa kumachepa. Kuzizira kwamtunduwu kumatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito firiji monga Freen ndikuzizira pansi mwachangu. Pakadali pano, dziko likuyesera kukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito gadolinium ndi ma enkos ake m'munda uno, ndikupanga maginito ochepa komanso ogwira ntchito bwino. Pogwiritsa ntchito gadolinium, kutentha kochepa kwambiri kumatheka, chifukwa cha gadolinium amadziwikanso kuti "zitsulo zozizira kwambiri padziko lapansi".
Gadolinium isotopes GD-155 ndi GD-157 Khalani ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri la ma isotropes pakati pa azonotopines, ndipo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito gadolunium kuti muchepetse ntchito yanyukiliya. Chifukwa chake, madzi a gadolinium okwera pamadzi ndipo ndodo ya gadolinium yowongolera adabadwa, yomwe imatha kusintha chitetezo cha nyukiliya pochepetsa mtengo.
Gadolinium ilinso ndi katundu wabwino kwambiri ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga owoneka owoneka owoneka bwino, ofanana ndi malo okhala m'mabwalo, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ndi malo okhala owala. Mtundu wamtunduwu wosawoneka bwino sungolola kuunika kudutsa mbali imodzi, komanso kumawunikiranso chiwonetsero chazomwe zimapangitsa kuti kufalitsa kuzindikiritso ndi kusintha mawonekedwe a mafunde opepuka. Gadolinium gallium Garnet ndi imodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri zopangira mawola a Opata.
Post Nthawi: Jul-06-2023