Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu osowa m'dziko lapansi kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwake. Chowoneka bwino, cholondola komanso chapamwamba komanso chapamwamba komanso chapamwamba, zigawo zikuluzikulu, ndi zida sizingalekanitsidwa ndi zitsulo zosowa. Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani zitsulo zomwezo zimapangitsa ena kukhala ochulukirapo kuposa inu? Kodi ndi chipangizo chofananira chomwe chinatulutsa kuti ena akhale olimba komanso omasuka kuposa inu? Kodi ndi malo amodzi osonyeza kuti ena amatha kufikira kutentha kwambiri kwa 1650 ° C? Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani galasi la munthu wina lili ndi mndandanda wambiri wotere? Chifukwa chiyani Toyota ingathe kukwaniritsa mphamvu yapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ya 41%? Izi zonse ndizokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zosowa.
Nyama zapadziko lapansi, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ndi zinthu zambiri zapadziko lapansi, ndi gawo limodzi la zinthu 17 zasinandium, YNTrium, ndi mndandanda wa Lantanide mu tebulo la nthawi ya IIIB, lomwe limayimira r kapena re. Scandarium ndi YthTrium amadziwika kuti ndi zinthu zachilengedwe padziko lapansi chifukwa nthawi zambiri amalumikizana ndi zinthu za Lantanide m'madina a Lantanide ndipo ali ndi zinthu zofananira.
Mosiyana ndi dzina lake likutanthauza, zinthu zochuluka padziko lapansi (kupatula Promethium) mu kutumphuka ndi mmwamba kwambiri, ndi cerium yomwe ili ndi cerium yomwe ili ndi cerium yomwe ili ndi zinthu zambiri 25.0068% (pafupi ndi mkuwa). Komabe, chifukwa cha mtundu wake wapadziko lapansi, zinthu zachilengedwe padziko lapansi sizimadziwika bwino kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwachuma. Dzina la zinthu zam'mtundu wina padziko lapansi limachokera ku kusowa kwawo. Dziko loyambirira laikulu lidapezeka ndi anthu anali Sicon Beryllium Yttrium ORTRLAIum ORTRIum ORTRIum ORTRIum ORERIum ORERINE MINE CODBI, Sweden, komwe mayina ambiri adachokera.
Mayina awo ndi zizindikiro za mankhwala ndiSC, y, La, CE, pr, ng, sm, eu, gd, dy, yb, yb, ndi lu. Manambala awo atomiki ndi 21 (sc), 39 (y), 57 (LA) mpaka 71 (Lu).
Kupeza Zinthu Zapadziko Lonse Lapansi
Mu 1787, Sweden Ca arhethenius adapeza dziko lapansi lachilendo lazida zakuda kwambiri m'tauni yaying'ono ya yTerby pafupi ndi Stockholm. Mu 1794, Finnish J. Gadolin adapatula chinthu chatsopano. Patatha zaka zitatu (1797), a A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A AGberge adatsimikizira izi ndikutchedwa New GTTRA (YNTRIum lapansi) atapezeka kuti idapezeka. Pambuyo pake, kukumbukira kwa GASLOLA, mtundu uwu wa ore unali wotchedwa GAdofamu. Mu 1803, katswiri wa Katswiri wa acidman MH Klaroth, akatswiri a katswiri wazomwe a Swedelius Jj, ndi W. Heringer adapeza chinthu chatsopano - cholembera ore. Mu 1839, spride clide cide cider adapeza Lanthanum. Mu 1843, astander adapeza Terbium ndi Erbium kachiwiri. Mu 1878, Swiss Marinac adapeza Yotterbium. Mu 1879, Samarium adazindikira kuti a Holium adapeza a Holmium ndi Thrium, ndipo Swedenda adazindikira. Mu 1880, Swiss Marinac adapeza gadolinium. Mu 1885, Austria A. Von Wels Bach adapeza Prasedymium ndi Newdmium. Mu 1886, Bouvabadrand adapeza Dysprium. Mu 1901, bambo wa ku France Ea Demorcay adapeza europium. Mu 1907, bambo wa ku France G. Urban adapeza lutetium. Mu 1947, aku America monga Jan Marinsky adalandira promethium kuchokera ku zinthu za uraum. Zinatenga zaka zoposa 150 kuchokera pakupatukana kwa Yttrium lapansi ndi Gadolin mu 1794 kuti promethium mu 1947.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe zapadziko lapansi
Zinthu zachilengedwe zapadziko lapansiamadziwika kuti "mavitamini opanga mafakitale" ndipo alibe katundu wabwino kwambiri, wamaso, ndi zamagetsi, kusewera gawo lalikulu pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito, kumakulitsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana, ndikuwongolera mphamvu yopanga. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake komanso mlingo wotsika, anthu osowa kwambiri akhala chinthu chofunikira pokonzanso kapangidwe kake, ndikuwonjezera maluso, ndi kulimbikitsa ntchito yopititsa patsogolo ntchito zamakampani. Agwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'minda monga metalmwargy, asitikali, petrochemical, magalasi agalasi, ulimi, ndi zida zatsopano.
Makampani A Metallical
Dziko lapansiwagwiritsidwa ntchito pampando wachitsulo kwazaka zopitilira 30, ndipo wapanga matekinoloje okhwima komanso njira. Kugwiritsa ntchito zachilengedwe kwaikulu mu zitsulo zosalala komanso zosakhalapo ndi gawo lalikulu komanso lalikulu. Zowonjezera za zitsulo zapadziko lapansi, fluoridedes, ndi osalala kuti zikhale ndi gawo pakuyeretsa, kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kukonzanso malo osokoneza bongo, ndikusintha magwiridwe antchito a chitsulo; Zosowa za Suricon Inchiron Inloy ndi Milrer Aildicon magnesium alloy amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati othandizira akunjenjemera kuti apange chitsulo chomera cha padziko lapansi. Chifukwa cha kufunika kwawo kwa kupanga zitsulo zazitsulo ndi zofunikira zapadera, chitsulo chamtunduwu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani opanga zopangira monga matepumile, mapepala, ndi mainjini sekulu; Kuphatikiza zitsulo zapadziko lonse lapansi zomwe sizinali zoopsa monga magnesium, aluminiyamu, mkuwa, zinc, ndi nicker ya zitsulo, komanso kuwonjezera kutentha kwa chipinda.
Gawo lankhondo
Chifukwa cha zinthu zake zabwino monga ma playlartricity ndi magineramu, zolengedwa zapadziko lonse zimatha kupanga zinthu zatsopano zokhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndikuwongolera bwino komanso magwiridwe antchito ena. Chifukwa chake, amadziwika kuti "golide wa mafakitale". Choyamba, kuwonjezera kwa dziko lapansi zoipitsa kumatha kusintha mwanzeru magwiridwe antchito a chitsulo, aluminiyamu overlos, magnesium emows, ndi ma rosoys assoys amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma tanks, ndege, ndi zida. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu oipiraipira amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta ambiri ogwira ntchito zapamwamba monga zamagetsi, lasers, malonda anyukiliya, komanso wapamwamba. Ukadaulo wapadziko lonse lapansi utagwiritsidwa ntchito pasisitikali, zimalepheretsa kudumphadumpha mwa ankhondo. Mwanjira inayake, kuwongolera kwakukulu kwa usilikari ku US m'magawo angapo a komweko atangomenya nkhondo, komanso kukhoza kupha adani, kumachokera ku ukadaulo wake wapadziko lapansi, monga Wapamwamba.
Makampani opanga ma petrochemical
Zinthu zapadziko lapansi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zokongoletsera za maole a petrochemical mu malonda a Perrochemical, ali ndi zabwino monga zochitika zapamwamba, kusankha kwamphamvu, komanso kukana mwamphamvu poizoni wavala wanyama. Chifukwa chake, asinthanitsa aluminiyamu silika ya petroleum catalytic. Mukupanga ma amntia opanga, kuchuluka kochepa kwambiri padziko lapansi kwa nitrate kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cocatalyst, ndipo magesi ake ophatikizira ndi 1.5 nthawi yayikulu kuposa a rickel aluminiyumu; Mukugwiritsa ntchito ma Cis-1,4-polybutadine rabara ndi isoprene rabara, malonda omwe amapezeka kuti aluminiyan aluminium ali ndi zida zopindika, komanso njira zazifupi. Woyeserera wowoneka bwino kwambiri ma okosi ena amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati othandizira kuyeretsa mpweya wamagetsi kuchokera ku injini za mkati mwa mkati, ndipo natero naphthenate amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wowuma utoto.
Galasi lagalasi
Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zam'madzi padziko lapansi ku China ndi Ceramic Fakitala zachuluka 25% kuyambira 1988, kufikira matani pafupifupi 1600 mu 1998. Dziko loipa la oxides kapena kukonzanso dziko lapansi limatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ufa wa mapira, magalasi owoneka bwino, pulasitiki, ndi miyala yachitsulo; Pakukonzekera galasi losungunuka, cerium dioxide ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukhala ndi maxidation amphamvu amayambitsa chitsulo, kuchepetsa zitsulo mugalasi ndikukwaniritsa cholinga chochotsa utoto wobiriwira kuchokera pagalasi; Kuonjezera dziko lapansi ma okoma omwe amatha kupanga galasi ma opyacal ndi galasi lapadera losiyanasiyana, acid ndi galasi logonjetsedwa, ndi galasi losagonjetsedwa, etc. Kuonjezera zinthu zamtundu wambiri padziko lapansi kumatha kuchepetsa kugawanika kwa glazis ndikupanga zinthu kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikukoka, kuwapangitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito bwino malonda.
Ulimi
Zotsatira zakufufuza zikuwonetsa kuti zinthu zachilengedwe padziko lapansi zimatha kuwonjezera chlorophyll yokhala ndi chlorophyll yomwe ilipo, imathandizira photosyntheji, ndikuwonjezera kuyamwa mizu. Zinthu zam'mlengalenga zitha kulimbikitsa kumera kumera, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mbewu, ndikulimbikitsa kukula kwamera. Kuphatikiza pa ntchito zazikulu zomwe zanenedwa pamwambapa, zimakhalanso ndi kuthekera kowonjezera matenda kukana, kukana kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso chilala china. Maphunziro ambiri asonyezanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zowoneka bwino kwambiri padziko lapansi kumatha kulimbikitsa mayamwidwe, kusintha, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito michere yazomera. Kuthira mbewu zachilengedwe padziko lapansi kumatha kuwonjezera zomwe zili mu vc, shuga onse a acid, ndi zipatso za acid a apulo ndi zipatso, kulimbikitsa mitundu yokongola. Ndipo imatha kupolila mphamvu yopumira panthawi yosungirako ndikuchepetsa kuvunda.
Ndondomeko yatsopano
Zachilendo za Newdymium Chitsulo Boron chokha cha Magnet, chokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, komanso zolimba zamagetsi, komanso zopangidwa ndi magetsi am'munsi. Garnet Mtundu wa ma crystals ndi ma polycrystals opangidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa nthaka yoyipa ndi ferric oxide ingathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mafilimuve ndi magetsi; YNTrium Aluminium Garnet ndi galasi la Ninedmium yopangidwa ndi nedymium oxide kwambiri imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zolimba; Dziko lapansi la Ahenaborides lingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati cattoode zida zamagetsi zamagetsi; Chitsulo cha Lantanum Nickel Chickel Chizindikiro cha haidrojeni chatsopano cha hydrogen chosungira mu 1970s; Lanthanum chromate ndi zinthu zotentha kwambiri za thermoelertc; Pakadali pano, mayiko padziko lonse lapansi agwedeza zida zapamwamba pogwiritsa ntchito ma barcondeum cytconden kutentha kwa madzi a nayitrogeni. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu osowa kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zopepuka zopepuka kudzera mu fluorescent ufa wa fluorescent ufa wa fluorescent ufa wa fluorescent yochepa ngati mapiritsi am'matawa ndi mapiritsi; Palima, kutsatira kuchuluka kwa dziko lapansi zopanda pake kwa mbewu zam'munda kumatha kuwonjezera zokolola zawo pofika 5-10%; Pakupanga mafakitale owoneka bwino, nthaka yoyipa ya chlorider imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri mu ubweya wofufuta, ubweya wamafuta, ubweya wa ubweya, ndi utoto; Zinthu zamitundu yapadziko lapansi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito potembenuza ma caalytic otembenuka kuti asinthe zodetsa zodetsa kuzinthu zomwe sizikuyenda bwino pa injini.
Ntchito Zina
Zinthu zamtundu wina padziko lapansi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana za digito, kuphatikizapo autograaly, kujambula, ndi zida zoyankhulirana, nthawi yayitali, yopepuka, ndi nthawi yayitali, komanso kuteteza mphamvu. Nthawi yomweyo, yaikidwanso paminda yambiri monga mphamvu zobiriwira, zaumoyo, kuyeretsedwa kwamadzi, ndi mayendedwe.
Post Nthawi: Aug-16-2023