Nanomaterials naadirka ah ee dhulka naadirka ah waxay leeyihiin qaab-dhismeed elegroonig ah oo lakabka hoose ah oo 4f ah, daqiiqad weyn oo atomamka magnetic, isku xidhka wareega wareega xooggan iyo sifooyin kale, taasoo keentay in aad hodan u ah indhaha, koronto, magnetic iyo sifooyin kale.Waxay yihiin agab istaraatiijiyadeed oo aan lagama maarmaan u ah waddamada adduunka si ay u beddelaan warshadaha dhaqanka una horumariyaan tignoolajiyada sare, waxaana loo yaqaanaa "guriga khasnadda ee agabka cusub".
Marka lagu daro codsiyadeeda dhinacyada dhaqanka sida mishiinada birta, kiimikooyinka petrochemicals, ceramics galaas, iyo dunta fudud,dhul dhif ahsidoo kale waa agab muhiim ah oo taageeraya meelaha soo baxaya sida tamarta nadiifka ah, baabuurta waaweyn, baabuurta tamarta cusub, nalalka semiconductor, iyo bandhigyo cusub, oo si dhow ula xiriira nolosha aadanaha.
Tobannaan sano oo horumarineed ka dib, diiradda cilmi-baarista dhifka ah ee la xidhiidha dhulka ayaa si isku mid ah uga soo wareegtay dhalaalidda iyo kala-soocidda dhulalka dhifka ah ee nadiifka ah ilaa codsiyada farsamada sare ee dhulalka dhifka ah ee magnetism, optics, koronto, kaydinta tamarta, catalysis, biomedicine, iyo goobo kale.Dhinaca kale, waxaa jira isbeddel weyn oo ku wajahan walxaha isku dhafan ee naadirka ah ee habka maadiga ah;Dhanka kale, waxa ay aad diirada u saaran tahay agabka crystal functional cabbir hooseeya marka loo eego qaab-dhismeedka.Gaar ahaan horumarinta nanoscience casriga ah, isku darka saamaynta cabbirka yar yar, saamaynta quantum, saamaynta dusha sare, iyo saamaynta interface ee nanomaterials oo leh qaab dhismeedka lakabka elektarooniga ah ee gaarka ah ee walxaha dhifka ah ee dhulka, nanomaterials dhul dhif ah ayaa soo bandhigaya hanti cusub oo ka duwan qalabka dhaqanka, sare u qaadida waxqabadka ugu fiican ee alaabta dhulka naadir ah, Oo sii ballaariyo codsigeeda ee dhinacyada qalabka dhaqanka iyo wax soo saarka cusub ee farsamada sare.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxaa inta badan jira kuwan soo socda ee nanomaterials dhif ah ee nanomaterials dhulka, kuwaas oo dhif ah Earth nano luminescent alaabta, Earth nano katalytic qalab dhif ah, Earth nano magnetic magnetic,nano cerium oxideagabka ilaalinta ultraviolet, iyo agabka kale ee nano shaqeeya.
No.1Alaabta naadirka dhulka nano luminescent
01. Dhulka naadir nanomaterials organic-aan-organic hybrid luminescent nanomaterials
Qalabka isku dhafan waxay isku daraan unugyo shaqeynaya oo kala duwan oo ah heerka molecular si loo gaaro hawlo dhammaystiran oo la hagaajiyay.Walxaha isku-dhafka ah ee dabiiciga ah waxay leeyihiin shaqooyinka qaybaha dabiiciga ah iyo kuwa aan dabiiciga ahayn, oo muujinaya xasillooni farsamo oo wanaagsan, dabacsanaan, xasillooni kuleyl ah iyo hab-socodka aad u fiican.
Dhul naadir ahdhismooyinku waxay leeyihiin faa'iidooyin badan, sida nadiifnimada midabka sare, nolosha dheer ee xaalad xamaasad leh, wax-soo-saarka tirada badan, iyo khadadka qiiqa sii daaya.Waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa meelo badan, sida bandhiga, kor u qaadida waveguide indhaha, leysarka gobolka adag, biomarker, iyo ka hortagga been-abuurka.Si kastaba ha noqotee, xasilloonida kuleylka kuleylka hooseeya iyo habsami-u-socodka liita ee dhismooyinka dhulku waxay si dhab ah u carqaladeynayaan codsigooda iyo dhiirrigelintooda.Isku darka dhismooyinka naadirka ah ee dhulka iyo maaddooyinka aan organic ahayn ee leh sifooyin farsamo oo wanaagsan iyo xasillooni waa hab wax ku ool ah oo lagu wanaajiyo sifooyinka iftiinka ee dhismayaasha dhulka naadir ah.
Tan iyo markii ay soo ifbaxday wax-soo-saarka organic-ga ah ee naadirka ah, isbeddellada horumarintooda ayaa muujinaya sifooyinka soo socda:
① Qalabka isku-dhafka ah ee lagu helo habka doping kiimikaad wuxuu leeyahay qaybo firfircoon oo deggan, qadar sare oo doping ah iyo qaybinta isku midka ah ee qaybaha;
② U beddelashada walxaha hal-abuurka ah ee hal-abuurka leh una beddela qalabyo badan, horumarinta qalabyo kala duwan si ay codsiyadooda uga dhigaan kuwo ballaadhan;
③ Matrixku waa kala duwan yahay, laga bilaabo ugu horrayn silica ilaa substrates kala duwan sida titanium dioxide, polymers organic, dhoobo, iyo dareerayaasha ionic.
02. Caddaan LED naad dhif ah alaabta
Marka la barbar dhigo tignoolajiyada nalka ee jira, alaabada nalalka semiconductor-ka ah sida diode-yada iftiinka-bixiya (LEDs) waxay leeyihiin faa'iidooyin sida nolol adeeg oo dheer, isticmaalka tamarta yar, waxtarka iftiinka sare, meerkuri bilaash ah, UV bilaash ah, iyo hawlgal xasilloon.Waxaa loo tixgaliyaa inay yihiin "Ilaha iftiinka jiilka afraad" ka dib nalalka ifaya, nalalka dhaadheer, iyo nalalka dheecaanka gaaska ee xoogga badan (HIDs).
LED-ka cad wuxuu ka kooban yahay chips, substrates, phosphor, iyo darawallo.Budada fluorescent ee dhifka ah waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaartaa waxqabadka LED-ka cad.Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, shaqo badan oo cilmi baaris ah ayaa lagu sameeyay fosfooraska LED-ka iyo horumar aad u wanaagsan ayaa la sameeyay:
① Horumarinta nooc cusub oo fosfoor ah oo ku faraxsan LED buluug (460m) waxay samaysay cilmi-baaris doping iyo wax ka beddel ah YAO2Ce (YAG: Ce) oo loo isticmaalo chips-ka buluugga ah ee buluugga ah si loo hagaajiyo waxtarka iftiinka iyo bixinta midabka;
② Horumarinta budo cusub oo fluorescent ah oo ay ku faraxsan yihiin iftiinka ultraviolet (400m) ama iftiinka ultraviolet (360mm) ayaa si nidaamsan u bartay qaabka, qaab-dhismeedka, iyo sifooyinka muuqaalka ah ee budada fluorescent ee casaanka iyo cagaarka ah, iyo sidoo kale saamiyada kala duwan ee saddexda budada fluorescent. si loo helo LED cad oo leh heerkul midab kala duwan;
③ Shaqo dheeraad ah ayaa lagu qabtay arrimaha sayniska aasaasiga ah ee habka diyaarinta ee budada fluorescent, sida saameynta habka diyaarinta ee qulqulka, si loo hubiyo tayada iyo xasiloonida budada fluorescent.
Intaa waxaa dheer, iftiinka cad ee LED wuxuu inta badan qaataa habka baakadaha isku dhafan ee budada fluorescent iyo silicone.Iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay kulaylka liidata ee budada fluorescent, qalabku wuu kululaan doonaa sababtoo ah wakhtiga shaqada oo dheeraaday, taas oo horseedaysa gabowga silikoon oo gaabinaya nolosha adeegga qalabka.Dhibaatadani waxay si gaar ah halis ugu tahay nalalka cadcad ee tamarta sare leh.Baakadaha fog waa hal dariiqo oo lagu xalliyo dhibaatadan iyada oo lagu dhejiyo budada fluorescent substrate-ka oo laga soocayo isha buluuga ah ee iftiinka LED, taas oo yareyneysa saameynta kulaylka uu dhaliyo chip ee waxqabadka luminescent ee budada fluorescent.Haddii dhoobada dhoobada naadirka ah ee dhulku ay leeyihiin sifooyinka kuleylka kuleylka sarreeya, caabbinta daxalka sare, xasilloonida sare, iyo waxqabadka wax soo saarka indhaha ee aad u fiican, waxay si fiican u buuxin karaan shuruudaha codsiga LED-cad cad oo leh cufnaanta tamarta sare.Budada Micro nano oo leh dhaqdhaqaaq sare oo sintering ah iyo kala firidhsan sare ayaa noqday shuruud muhiim ah oo loogu talagalay diyaarinta hufnaanta sare ee naadirka naadirka ah ee dhulka oo leh wax soo saar sare oo muuqaal ah.
03.Nanomaterials luminescent kor u kaca dhulka dhif ah
Iftiinka kor u kaca waa nooc gaar ah oo geeddi-socod iftiin ah oo lagu garto nuugista sawir-qaadayaal badan oo tamar yar oo ay adeegsadaan agabka iftiinka iyo soo saarista tamarta sare ee sawirka.Marka la barbar dhigo molecules dheeha dabiiciga ah ee dabiiciga ah ama dhibcaha quantum, nanomaterials nanomaterials ee naadirka ah ee isbeddelka dhulka ayaa leh faa'iidooyin badan sida isbeddelka Stokes weyn, band qiiqa cidhiidhiga ah, xasilloonida wanaagsan, sunta hoose, qoto dheer ee unugyada unugyada sare, iyo faragelin hoose oo iskeed ah.Waxay leeyihiin rajooyin codsi oo ballaadhan oo ku saabsan qaybta biomedical.
Sanadihii ugu dambeeyay, nanomaterials nanomaterials-ka beddeshay dhulka naadir ayaa horumar la taaban karo ka sameeyay isku-dhafka, wax ka beddelka dusha sare, shaqeynta dusha sare, iyo codsiyada cilmiga noolaha.Dadku waxay wanaajiyaan waxqabadka iftiinka ee agabka iyagoo wanaajinaya hal-abuurkooda, marxaladda marxaladda, cabbirka, iwm. ee nanoscale, iyo isku darka qaab dhismeedka xudunta/ qolofta si loo yareeyo xarunta deminta iftiinka iftiinka, si loo kordhiyo suurtagalnimada kala-guurka.Beddelka kiimikaad, samee tignoolajiyada leh bayoloji wanaagsan si loo yareeyo sunta, iyo horumarinta hababka sawirida ee kor u qaadida unugyada noolaha iftiinka iyo in vivo;Samee habab iskuxiran oo bayooloji ah oo hufan oo badbaado leh oo ku saleysan baahida codsiyada kala duwan (unugyada ogaanshaha difaaca jirka, sawir-qaadista iftiinka vivo, daawaynta sawir-qaadista, daawaynta kuleylka, dawooyinka la sii daayo ee la xakameeyey, iwm.).
Daraasadani waxay leedahay faa'iidooyin codsi oo aad u weyn iyo faa'iidooyin dhaqaale, waxayna leedahay muhiimad cilmiyeed oo muhiim u ah horumarinta nanomedicine, horumarinta caafimaadka aadanaha, iyo horumarka bulshada.
No.2 Nano qalabka magnetic Earth Nano dhif ah
Alaabta birlabeedka joogtada ah ee dhulku waxay soo mareen saddex marxaladood oo horumarineed: SmCo5, Sm2Co7, iyo Nd2Fe14B.Sida degdega ah loo demiyo budada magnetka ee NdFeB ee agabka birlabeedka joogtada ah ee xidhan, cabbirka hadhuudhku waxa uu u dhexeeyaa 20nm ilaa 50nm, taas oo ka dhigaysa nanocrystalline naadir ah oo dhulka naadirka ah walxo magnet joogto ah.
Alaabta naadirka ah ee nanomagnetic waxay leeyihiin sifooyin cabbir yar, qaab dhismeed hal meel ah, iyo xoog xoog badan.Isticmaalka alaabta duubista birlabku waxay wanaajin kartaa saamiga calaamad-ilaa-sanqa iyo tayada sawirka.Iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay cabbirkeeda yar iyo isku halaynta sare, isticmaalka nidaamyada matoorada yaryar ayaa ah jihada muhiimka ah ee horumarinta jiilka cusub ee duulista, hawada, iyo matoorada badda.Xusuusta magnetic, dareeraha magnetic, Qalabka Resistance Giant Magneto, waxqabadka si weyn ayaa loo horumarin karaa, samaynta aaladaha waxay noqdaan kuwo tayo sare leh oo la yareeyey.
No.3Nano dhulka naadirwalxaha kataliska ah
Maaddooyinka aadka u naadirka ah ee dhulka waxay ku lug leeyihiin ku dhawaad dhammaan falcelinta kicinta.Saamaynta dusha sare awgeed, saamaynta mugga, iyo saamaynta cabbirka quantum, nanotechnology dhul dhif ah ayaa si isa soo taraysa u soo jiidatay dareenka.Falcelin kiimikaad oo badan, kiciyayaasha dhulka naadir ayaa la isticmaalaa.Haddii nanocatalyst-ka dhulka dhifka ah la isticmaalo, firfircoonida firfircoonida iyo waxtarka ayaa si weyn loo horumarin doonaa.
Nanocatalysts-ka naadirka ah ee dhulka ayaa guud ahaan loo adeegsadaa dildilaaca kicinta batroolka iyo daawaynta sifaynta qiiqa baabuurta.Qalabka nanocatalytic earth ee inta badan la isticmaalo waaCeO2iyoLa2O3, kaas oo loo isticmaali karo kicin iyo dhiirrigeliye, iyo sidoo kale sidayaal kicinta.
No.4Nano cerium oxidewalxaha difaaca ultraviolet
Nano cerium oxide waxaa loo yaqaannaa jiilka saddexaad ee ultraviolet wakiilka, oo leh saameyn go'doomin wanaagsan iyo gudbin sare.Waxyaabaha la isku qurxiyo, nano ceria firfircoonida firfircoonida hoose waa in loo istcimaalaa sidii wakiilka go'doominta UV.Sidaa darteed, dareenka suuqa iyo aqoonsiga nano cerium oxide ultraviolet maaddooyinka gaashaanka ayaa sarreeya.Horumarka joogtada ah ee isku dhafka wareegga wareegga wuxuu u baahan yahay qalab cusub oo loogu talagalay hababka wax-soo-saarka qalabka isku-dhafka ah.Alaabta cusubi waxay leeyihiin shuruudo sare oo loogu talagalay dareerayaasha polishing, iyo semiconductor dhif ah dareeraha polishing dhulku waxay u baahan yihiin inay buuxiyaan shuruudahan, oo leh xawaare dhalaalid degdeg ah iyo mugga dhalaalid yar.Nano alaabta naadirka dhulka ayaa leh suuq balaadhan.
Korodhka weyn ee lahaanshaha baabuurka ayaa sababay wasakhowga hawada halis ah, iyo rakibidda qalabka nadiifinta qiiqa baabuurka ayaa ah habka ugu waxtarka badan ee lagu xakameyn karo wasakhowga qiiqa.Nano cerium zirconium oxides composite oxides ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaara hagaajinta tayada nadiifinta gaaska dabada.
No.5 Agabka kale ee nano shaqeeya
01. Alaabta dhoobada nano ee naadirka ah
Budada dhoobada Nano waxay si weyn u yarayn kartaa heerkulka sintering, kaas oo ah 200 ℃ ~ 300 ℃ ka hooseeya kan budada dhoobada nano ee aan isku mid ahayn.Ku darida nano CeO2 ee dhoobada waxay yarayn kartaa heerkulka qulqulaya, waxay joojin kartaa korriinka dhogorta, waxayna hagaajin kartaa cufnaanta dhoobada.Ku darista curiyeyaasha dhulka dhifka ah sidaY2O3, CeO2, or La2O3 to ZrO2waxay ka hortagi kartaa isbeddelka wejiga heerkulka sare iyo is-beddelka ZrO2, oo waxay heli kartaa isbeddelka wejiga ZrO2 ee adag ee qalabka dhismaha.
dhoobada elektarooniga ah (dareemaha elektiroonigga ah, agabka PTC, qalabka mikrowave, capacitors, thermistors, iwm.) oo lagu diyaariyay ultrafine ama nanoscale CeO2, Y2O3,Nd2O3, Sm2O3, iwm. waxay hagaajiyeen sifooyinka korantada, kulaylka, iyo xasiloonida.
Ku darista qalabka naadirka ah ee firfircoonida ee firfircoon ee kakatalytic ee caanaha dhalada waxay diyaarin kartaa dhoobada bakteeriyada naadirka ah ee dhulka.
02.Rare earth nano walxaha filim khafiif ah
Horumarinta sayniska iyo tignoolajiyada, shuruudaha wax qabad ee alaabadu waxay noqonayaan kuwo adag, una baahan ultra-fine, ultra- khafiif ah, cufnaanta aadka u sarreeya, iyo aadka u buuxinaya alaabta.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxaa jira saddex qaybood oo waaweyn oo ah filimaan nano dhul ah oo naadir ah oo la sameeyay: filimaanta nano-ka-gan ee dhulku naadirka ah, filimada nano oksijiinta nano ee naadir, iyo filimada nano-gaabka dhulka naadir ah.Aflaanta naadirka ah ee dhulka nano waxay sidoo kale door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan warshadaha macluumaadka, kicinta, tamarta, gaadiidka, iyo daawada nolosha.
Gabagabo
Shiinaha waa waddan weyn oo leh kheyraad dhulka naadir ah.Horumarinta iyo adeegsiga nanomaterials naadirka dhulka waa hab cusub oo si wax ku ool ah looga faa'iidaysto kheyraadka dhulka naadir ah.Si loo ballaariyo baaxadda codsiga ee dhulka naadir ah oo kor loogu qaado horumarinta qalabka cusub ee shaqeynaya, nidaam cusub oo aragti ah waa in lagu sameeyaa aragtida agabka si loo daboolo baahiyaha cilmi-baarista ee nanoscale, samee nanomaterials nanomaterials-ka naadir ah ayaa leh waxqabad wanaagsan, oo ka dhigaya soo bixitaanka. ee guryaha cusub iyo hawlaha suurto gal.
Waqtiga boostada: Meey-29-2023