Umhlaba onqabileyo nama-nanomaterials Izinto zomhlaba eziRare zine-4f sub layer ye-electronic structure, i-atomic magnetic moment enkulu, i-spin orbit coupling eyomeleleyo kunye nezinye iimpawu, ezikhokelela kubutyebi bokukhanya, umbane, imagnethi nezinye iimpawu.Zizinto eziyimfuneko ezicwangcisiweyo kumazwe kwihlabathi liphela ukuba aguqule amashishini emveli kwaye aphuhlise ubuchwephesha obuphezulu, kwaye zaziwa ngokuba "yindlu yobuncwane bezinto ezintsha".
Ukongeza kwizicelo zayo kwiinkalo zemveli ezinje ngoomatshini betsimbi, iikhemikhali zepetroli, iiseramikhi zeglasi, kunye nelaphu elikhanyayo,imihlaba enqabileyonazo ziyizinto eziphambili ezixhasayo kwiinkalo ezivelayo ezifana namandla acocekileyo, izithuthi ezinkulu, izithuthi zamandla amatsha, ukukhanya kwe-semiconductor, kunye neziboniso ezintsha, ezinxulumene ngokusondeleyo nobomi bomntu.
Emva kwamashumi eminyaka yophuhliso, ugqaliselo lophando olunxulumene nomhlaba olunqabileyo luye lwatshintsha ngokuhambelanayo ukusuka ekunyibilikeni kunye nokwahlulwa komhlaba omnye ococekileyo onqabileyo ukuya kusetyenziso oluphezulu lwetekhnoloji yomhlaba onqabileyo kumagnetism, optics, umbane, ukugcinwa kwamandla, i-catalysis, i-biomedicine, kunye neminye imimandla.Kwelinye icala, kukho umkhwa omkhulu obhekiselele kwimathiriyeli enqabileyo yomhlaba edityanisiweyo kwinkqubo yezinto;Ngakolunye uhlangothi, igxininise ngakumbi kwizinto eziphantsi zekristale ezisebenzayo ngokwemigaqo ye-morphology.Ngokukodwa kunye nophuhliso lwe-nanoscience yanamhlanje, ukudibanisa imiphumo yobungakanani obuncinci, imiphumo ye-quantum, imiphumo yobuso, kunye nefuthe le-nanomaterials kunye neempawu ze-electronic ezikhethekileyo zesakhiwo sezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, ii-nanomaterials zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zibonisa iipropathi ezininzi zenoveli ezahlukeneyo kwizinto zemveli, ukwandisa ukusebenza okugqwesileyo kwemathiriyeli yomhlaba enqabileyo, Kwaye ukwandise ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiinkalo zemathiriyeli yemveli kunye nemveliso entsha yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.
Okwangoku, kukho ezi zinto zilandelayo zithembisa kakhulu ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, ezizezi izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba nano luminescent, izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba nano catalytic, izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba nano magnetic,nano cerium oxideizixhobo zokukhusela i-ultraviolet, kunye nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo ze-nano.
No.1Izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba nano luminescent
01. Umhlaba onqabileyo we-organic-inorganic hybrid luminescent nanomaterials
Izinto ezidibeneyo zidibanisa iiyunithi ezisebenzayo ezahlukeneyo kwinqanaba le-molecular ukuphumeza imisebenzi ehambelanayo kunye neyongezelelweyo.I-Organic inorganic hybrid material inemisebenzi yezinto eziphilayo kunye ne-inorganic components, ebonisa ukuzinza okulungileyo komatshini, ukuguquguquka, ukuzinza kwe-thermal kunye nokuqhubekeka okugqwesileyo.
Umhlaba onqabileyoiicomplexes zineengenelo ezininzi, ezinje ngokusulungeka kombala ophezulu, ubomi obude bemeko echulumancisayo, isivuno esikhulu somthamo, kunye nemigca etyebileyo yespectrum.Zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi, ezinje ngomboniso, i-optical waveguide amplification, ii-laser zombuso oqinileyo, i-biomarker, kunye ne-anti-counterfeiting.Nangona kunjalo, uzinzo oluphantsi lwefotothermal kunye nokungaqhubeki kakuhle kwezakhiwo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zithintela kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwazo kunye nonyuselo.Ukudibanisa ii-complexes ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kunye ne-matrices ye-inorganic kunye neempawu ezintle zoomatshini kunye nokuzinza kuyindlela esebenzayo yokuphucula iimpawu ze-luminescent ze-rare earth complexes.
Ukusukela ekuphuhlisweni kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ze-organic inorganic hybrid, iindlela zabo zophuhliso zibonisa ezi mpawu zilandelayo:
① Izinto ezixutyiweyo ezifunyenwe ngendlela yedoping yeekhemikhali zineziqendu ezizinzileyo ezisebenzayo, isixa esikhulu sedoping kunye nokuhanjiswa okufanayo kwamalungu;
② Ukutshintsha ukusuka kwisixhobo esisodwa esisebenzayo ukuya kwizinto ezininzi, ukuphuhlisa izinto ezininzi ezisebenzayo ukwenza izicelo zabo zibe zibanzi;
③ I-matrix yahlukile, ukusuka ikakhulu kwi-silica ukuya kwii-substrates ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-titanium dioxide, iipholima eziphilayo, udongwe, kunye nolwelo lwe-ionic.
02. I-LED emhlophe yezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezikhanyayo
Xa kuthelekiswa nobuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa obukhoyo, iimveliso zokukhanyisa i-semiconductor ezifana ne-light-emitting diodes (i-LEDs) zineenzuzo ezifana nobomi benkonzo ende, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, ukukhanya okuphezulu okukhanyayo, i-mercury free, i-UV yamahhala, kunye nokusebenza okuzinzileyo.Zijongwa "njengomthombo wokukhanya wesizukulwana sesine" emva kwezibane ze-incandescent, izibane ze-fluorescent, kunye nezibane zokukhutshwa kwegesi ephezulu (HIDs).
I-LED emhlophe yenziwe ngeechips, substrates, phosphors, kunye nabaqhubi.Umgubo onqabileyo we-fluorescent womhlaba udlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwe-LED emhlophe.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inani elikhulu lomsebenzi wophando lwenziwe kwiiphosphors ze-LED ezimhlophe kunye nenkqubela phambili egqwesileyo yenziwe:
① Ukuphuhliswa kohlobo olutsha lwephosphor evuyiswa yi-LED eluhlaza (460m) yenze uphando lwe-doping kunye nohlengahlengiso kwi-YAO2Ce (YAG: Ce) esetyenziswe kwiitshiphusi ze-LED eziluhlaza ukuphucula ukukhanya kunye nokunikezelwa kombala;
② Ukuphuhliswa komgubo omtsha we-fluorescent ovuyiswe kukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (400m) okanye ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (360mm) kufunde ngokucwangcisiweyo ukubunjwa, ukwakheka, kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo zomgubo obomvu kunye nohlaza oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kunye neereyishini ezahlukeneyo zomgubo ezintathu ezikhanyayo. ukufumana i-LED emhlophe enemibala eyahlukeneyo yobushushu;
③ Umsebenzi othe kratya uye wenziwa kwimiba esisiseko yenzululwazi kwinkqubo yokulungiselela umgubo wefluorescent, njengempembelelo yenkqubo yokulungiselela kwi-flux, ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokuzinza komgubo we-fluorescent.
Ukongeza, ukukhanya okumhlophe kwe-LED ikakhulu kuthatha inkqubo yokupakisha exubeneyo ye-fluorescent powder kunye ne-silicone.Ngenxa yokungahambi kakuhle kwe-thermal powder ye-fluorescent, isixhobo siya kutshisa ngenxa yexesha elide lokusebenza, okukhokelela ekugugeni kwe-silicone kunye nokunciphisa ubomi benkonzo yesixhobo.Le ngxaki ibaluleke kakhulu kwii-LED zokukhanya ezimhlophe ezinamandla aphezulu.Ukupakishwa okukude yindlela enye yokusombulula le ngxaki ngokufaka umgubo we-fluorescent kwi-substrate kunye nokuwuhlula kumthombo wokukhanya ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka we-LED, ngaloo ndlela unciphisa impembelelo yobushushu obuveliswa yi-chip ekusebenzeni kwe-luminescent ye-fluorescent powder.Ukuba iiseramics zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ze-fluorescent zineempawu zokuqhuba kwe-thermal ephezulu, ukuxhathisa okuphezulu kwe-corrosion, uzinzo oluphezulu, kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo kokuphuma kwe-optical, banokuhlangabezana ngcono neemfuno zesicelo se-LED enamandla aphezulu kunye noxinano lwamandla aphezulu.I-Micro nano powders ezinomsebenzi ophezulu we-sintering kunye nokusabalalisa okuphezulu kuye kwaba yinto efunekayo ebalulekileyo ekulungiseleleni ukukhanya okuphezulu okunqabileyo komhlaba okubonakalayo kweekeramics ezisebenzayo kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-optical output.
03.I-Rare Earth upconversion luminescent nanomaterials
I-Upconversion luminescence luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwenkqubo ye-luminescence ebonakaliswe ngokuxutywa kweefotoni ezininzi zamandla aphantsi ngezinto zokukhanya kunye nokuveliswa kwe-photon ephezulu yamandla.Xa kuthelekiswa neemolekyuli zedayi zendalo okanye amachaphaza e-quantum, i-rare earth upconversion luminescent nanomaterials ineenzuzo ezininzi ezifana ne-anti Stokes shift enkulu, ibhendi yokukhupha emxinwa, uzinzo oluhle, ubuthi obuphantsi, ubunzulu bokungena kwezicubu eziphezulu, kunye nokuphazamiseka okuphantsi kwe-fluorescence ephantsi.Banamathemba okusebenza ngokubanzi kwintsimi ye-biomedical.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuguqulwa komhlaba okunqabileyo kwe-luminescent ama-nanomaterials kwenze inkqubela phambili ebonakalayo kwi-synthesis, ukuguqulwa komphezulu, ukusebenza komphezulu, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-biomedical.Abantu baphucula ukusebenza kwe-luminescence yezixhobo ngokulungisa ukubunjwa kwabo, imeko yesigaba, ubukhulu, njl njl kwi-nanoscale, kunye nokudibanisa isiseko / isakhiwo segobolondo ukunciphisa iziko lokucima i-luminescence, ukwenzela ukwandisa amathuba okutshintsha.Ngokuguqulwa kweekhemikhali, ukuseka itekhnoloji enokuhambelana kakuhle kwe-biocompatibility yokunciphisa ubutyhefu, kunye nokuphuhlisa iindlela zokucinga zokuguqula iiseli eziphilayo ze-luminescent kunye ne-vivo;Phuhlisa iindlela ezisebenzayo nezikhuselekileyo zebhayoloji yokudibanisa ngokusekwe kwiimfuno zezicelo ezahlukeneyo (iiseli zokubona amajoni omzimba, kwi-vivo fluorescence imaging, i-photodynamic therapy, unyango lwe-photothermal, iziyobisi ezikhutshwayo ezilawulwa yifoto, njl.njl.).
Olu phononongo lunamandla amakhulu okusebenza kunye neenzuzo zezoqoqosho, kwaye lunokubaluleka kwenzululwazi ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwe-nanomedicine, ukukhuthazwa kwempilo yabantu, kunye nenkqubela phambili yentlalo.
No.2 Izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba nano magnetic
Izinto zemagnethi ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zidlule kwizigaba ezintathu zophuhliso: SmCo5, Sm2Co7, kunye ne-Nd2Fe14B.Njengomgubo wemagnethi ocinywa ngokukhawuleza we-NdFeB wezinto ezizibuthe ezidityanisiweyo ezisisigxina, ubungakanani beenkozo busuka kwi-20nm ukuya kwi-50nm, buyenza ibe yinto eqhelekileyo ye-nanocrystalline enqabileyo yomhlaba imagnethi esisigxina.
Izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ze-nanomagnetic zineempawu zobukhulu obuncinci, ubume besizinda esinye, kunye nokunyanzeliswa okuphezulu.Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokurekhoda zamagnetic kunokuphucula umlinganiselo wesignali ukuya kwingxolo kunye nomgangatho womfanekiso.Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncinci kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiinkqubo zeemoto ezincinci lisikhokelo esibalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwesizukulwana esitsha sokubhabha, i-aerospace, kunye neenjini zaselwandle.Kwimemori yamagnetic, ulwelo lwamagnetic, izixhobo zokuNxhathisa iMagneto enkulu, ukusebenza kunokuphuculwa kakhulu, ukwenza izixhobo zibe zisebenza kakhulu kwaye zenziwe zincinci.
No.3Umhlaba onqabileyo nanoimathiriyeli ye-catalytic
Iimathiriyeli ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zibandakanya phantse zonke iintshukumo ze-catalytic.Ngenxa yeziphumo ezingaphezulu, iziphumo zevolumu, kunye neziphumo zobungakanani bobungakanani, i-nanotechnology yomhlaba enqabileyo iye yatsala umdla ngakumbi.Kwiimeko ezininzi zemichiza, ii-catalysts zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zisetyenziswa.Ukuba i-nanocatalysts enqabileyo yomhlaba isetyenzisiweyo, umsebenzi we-catalytic kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kuya kuphuculwa kakhulu.
Iinanocatalysts zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-petroleum catalytic cracking kunye nokucocwa konyango lokukhupha iimoto.Ezona zinto ziqhele ukusetyenziswa ezinqabileyo zomhlaba nanocatalytic imathiriyeliCeO2kwayeLa2O3, enokusetyenziswa njenge-catalysts kunye nabakhuthazi, kunye nabathwali be-catalyst.
No.4Nano cerium oxideizinto zokukhusela i-ultraviolet
I-Nano cerium oxide yaziwa ngokuba sisizukulwana sesithathu se-ultraviolet isolation agent, enesiphumo esihle sokuzihlukanisa kunye nokuhanjiswa okuphezulu.Kwizinto zokuthambisa, umsebenzi ophantsi we-catalytic i-nano ceria kufuneka isetyenziswe njengearhente yokwahlula i-UV.Ngoko ke, ingqalelo yemarike kunye nokuqatshelwa kwe-nano cerium oxide ultraviolet izinto zokukhusela ziphezulu.Ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kokuhlanganiswa kweesekethe ezidibeneyo kufuna izinto ezintsha kwiinkqubo ezidibeneyo zokwenziwa kwe-chip yesekethe.Izixhobo ezitsha zineemfuno eziphezulu zokupholisha ulwelo, kunye ne-semiconductor ezinqabileyo zokupholisha ulwelo kufuneka zihlangabezane nale mfuneko, ngesantya esikhawulezayo sokupolisha kunye nomthamo omncinci wokupolisha.I-Nano izinto ezinqabileyo zokugulisa umhlaba zinemarike ebanzi.
Ukwanda okuphawulekayo kobunini bemoto kubangele ukungcoliseka komoya okunzulu, kwaye ukufakwa kwee-catalysts zokucoca umbhobho wemoto yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokulawula ukungcoliseka kombhobho.I-Nano cerium zirconium composite oxides idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni umgangatho wokucocwa kwegesi yomsila.
No.5 Ezinye izinto ezisebenzayo ze-nano
01. Izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba nano ceramic
I-Nano ceramic powder inokunciphisa kakhulu ubushushu be-sintering, obuyi-200 ℃ ~ 300 ℃ ngaphantsi kwe-non-nano ye-ceramic powder enokwakheka okufanayo.Ukongeza i-nano CeO2 kwi-ceramics kunokunciphisa ubushushu be-sintering, inqanda ukukhula kwe-lattice, kunye nokuphucula ukuxinana kwee-ceramics.Ukongeza izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezifanaY2O3, CeO2, or La2O3 to ZrO2inokuthintela ukuguquka kwesigaba sobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokuhombisa i-ZrO2, kwaye ufumane inguqu yesigaba se-ZrO2 eqiniswe kwizinto zokwakha ze-ceramic.
I-ceramics ze-elektroniki (i-electronic sensors, izinto ze-PTC, izinto ze-microwave, i-capacitors, i-thermistors, njl.) ezilungiselelwe usebenzisa i-ultrafine okanye i-nanoscale CeO2, Y2O3,Nd2O3, Sm2O3, njl. baye baphucula iimpawu zombane, i-thermal, kunye nokuzinza.
Ukongeza umhlaba onqabileyo owenziweyo we-photocatalytic wezinto ezihlanganisiweyo kwifomula yeglaze kunokulungisa iiseramikhi ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezilwa ne-antibacterial.
02.Izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba nano obhityileyo film
Ngophuhliso lwenzululwazi kunye nethekhinoloji, iimfuno zokusebenza kweemveliso ziya ziba ngqongqo ngakumbi, zifuna i-ultra-fine, i-ultra-thin, i-ultra-high density, kunye nokuzaliswa kwemveliso.Okwangoku, kukho iindidi ezintathu eziphambili zeefilimu zenano zomhlaba ezinqabileyo eziphuhlisiwe: iifilimu ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ezintsonkothileyo ze-nano, iifilimu ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ze-nano oxide, kunye neefilimu ezinqabileyo zomhlaba nano alloy.Iifilimu ze-nano zomhlaba ezinqabileyo nazo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwishishini lolwazi, i-catalysis, amandla, ukuthutha, kunye neyeza lobomi.
Ukuqukumbela
I-China lilizwe eliphambili kubutyebi bomhlaba obunqabileyo.Uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-nanomaterials yomhlaba enqabileyo yindlela entsha yokusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo izibonelelo zomhlaba ezinqabileyo.Ukuze ukwandise umda wesicelo somhlaba onqabileyo kunye nokukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwezinto ezintsha zokusebenza, inkqubo entsha yethiyori kufuneka isekwe kwithiyori yezixhobo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zophando kwi-nanoscale, ukwenza umhlaba onqabileyo wama-nanomaterials ube nokusebenza okungcono, kwaye wenze ukuvela. yeepropati ezintsha kunye nemisebenzi enokwenzeka.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-29-2023