Osowa padziko lapansi nanomatadium
Rare earth nanomaterials Zosowa zapadziko lapansi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera a 4f sub layer electronic, mphindi yayikulu ya ma atomiki, kulumikizana mwamphamvu kwa orbit ndi mawonekedwe ena, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zowoneka bwino, zamagetsi, maginito ndi zina.Ndizinthu zofunikira kwambiri kuti mayiko padziko lonse lapansi asinthe mafakitale azikhalidwe komanso kukhala ndiukadaulo wapamwamba, ndipo amadziwika kuti "nyumba yachuma yazinthu zatsopano".
Kuphatikiza pa ntchito zake m'magawo azikhalidwe monga makina azitsulo, mafuta a petrochemicals, zoumba zamagalasi, ndi nsalu zopepuka,mayiko osowazilinso zofunikira zothandizira m'magawo omwe akutuluka monga mphamvu zoyera, magalimoto akuluakulu, magalimoto atsopano amphamvu, kuunikira kwa semiconductor, ndi zowonetsera zatsopano, zogwirizana kwambiri ndi moyo waumunthu.
Pambuyo pa chitukuko cha zaka makumi ambiri, chidwi cha kafukufuku wosowa padziko lapansi chinasintha mofanana ndi kusungunula ndi kupatukana kwa dziko limodzi lopanda chiyero chapamwamba kupita ku ntchito zamakono zapadziko lapansi zachilendo mu magnetism, optics, magetsi, yosungirako mphamvu, catalysis, biomedicine, ndi minda ina.Kumbali imodzi, pali njira yayikulu yopita kuzinthu zosawerengeka zapadziko lapansi m'dongosolo lazinthu;Kumbali inayi, imayang'ana kwambiri pazinthu zotsika kwambiri zamakristalo malinga ndi morphology.Makamaka ndi chitukuko cha nanoscience yamakono, kuphatikiza kukula kwazing'ono, zotsatira za kuchuluka, zotsatira za pamwamba, ndi mawonekedwe a nanomaterials okhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera amagetsi amtundu wa zinthu zapadziko lapansi, osowa earth nanomaterials amawonetsa zinthu zambiri zatsopano zosiyana ndi zipangizo zamakono, kukulitsa magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri azinthu zosowa zapadziko lapansi, Ndikulitsanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwake pazinthu zachikhalidwe komanso kupanga zatsopano zamakono.
Pakalipano, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimalonjeza kwambiri zapadziko lapansi nanomatadium, zomwe ndi zachilendo zapadziko lapansi za nano luminescent, zosowa zapadziko lapansi nano catalytic, zosowa zapadziko lapansi nano maginito,nano cerium oxideZida zoteteza ku ultraviolet, ndi zida zina zogwirira ntchito za nano.
No.1Zosowa zapadziko lapansi nano luminescent zida
01. Zosowa zapadziko lapansi organic-inorganic hybrid luminescent nanomaterials
Zida zophatikizika zimaphatikiza magawo osiyanasiyana ogwirira ntchito pamlingo wa maselo kuti akwaniritse ntchito zowonjezera komanso zokongoletsedwa.Organic inorganic hybrid zinthu zili ndi ntchito za organic ndi organic, kuwonetsa kukhazikika kwamakina, kusinthasintha, kukhazikika kwamafuta komanso kusinthika kwabwino.
Dziko lapansi losowaMaofesiwa ali ndi zabwino zambiri, monga kuyera kwamtundu wapamwamba, moyo wautali wachisangalalo, zokolola zambiri, komanso mizere yochuluka yotulutsa sipekitiramu.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ambiri, monga mawonedwe, kukulitsa mawonekedwe a waveguide, ma lasers olimba, ma biomarker, ndi anti-counterfeiting.Komabe, kutsika kwa kutentha kwa kutentha komanso kusasunthika bwino kwa malo osowa padziko lapansi kumalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo ndi kukwezedwa kwawo.Kuphatikiza ma complexes asomwe padziko lapansi okhala ndi ma matrices okhala ndi zida zabwino zamakina komanso kukhazikika ndi njira yabwino yopititsira patsogolo zowunikira zamitundu yosowa padziko lapansi.
Kuyambira kupangidwa kwa zinthu zosawerengeka zapadziko lapansi zosawerengeka, zomwe zikuchitika zikuwonetsa izi:
① Zinthu zosakanizidwa zomwe zimapezedwa ndi njira ya mankhwala a doping zimakhala ndi zinthu zokhazikika, kuchuluka kwa doping komanso kugawa kofanana kwa zigawo;
② Kusintha kuchokera kuzinthu zogwirira ntchito imodzi kupita kuzinthu zambiri, kupanga zida zogwirira ntchito zambiri kuti ntchito zawo zikhale zambiri;
③ Matrix ndi osiyanasiyana, kuchokera makamaka silika kupita ku magawo osiyanasiyana monga titaniyamu woipa, ma polima achilengedwe, dongo, ndi zakumwa za ayoni.
02. White LED yosowa padziko lapansi luminescent zakuthupi
Poyerekeza ndi matekinoloje owunikira omwe alipo, zowunikira za semiconductor monga ma light-emitting diode (ma LED) ali ndi zabwino monga moyo wautali wautumiki, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, kuwala kowala kwambiri, mercury free, UV free, komanso kugwira ntchito mokhazikika.Amatengedwa ngati "gwero la kuwala kwa m'badwo wachinayi" pambuyo pa nyali za incandescent, nyali za fulorosenti, ndi nyali zamphamvu kwambiri zotulutsa mpweya (HIDs).
White LED imapangidwa ndi tchipisi, magawo, phosphors, ndi madalaivala.Ufa wosawerengeka wa fulorosenti wapadziko lapansi umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kwa LED yoyera.M'zaka zaposachedwa, ntchito yayikulu yofufuza yachitika pa ma phosphor oyera a LED ndipo kupita patsogolo kwabwino kwachitika:
① Kukula kwa mtundu watsopano wa phosphor wosangalatsidwa ndi buluu wa LED (460m) wachita kafukufuku wa doping ndi kusintha pa YAO2Ce (YAG: Ce) yogwiritsidwa ntchito mu tchipisi tabuluu ta LED kuti apititse patsogolo kuwala komanso kutulutsa mitundu;
② Kapangidwe ka ufa watsopano wa fulorosenti wokondwa ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet (400m) kapena kuwala kwa ultraviolet (360mm) adaphunzira mwadongosolo mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe, ndi mawonekedwe a ufa wofiira ndi wobiriwira wabuluu wa fulorosenti, komanso mareyitidwe osiyanasiyana a fulorosenti atatu ufa. kupeza LED yoyera yokhala ndi kutentha kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana;
③ Ntchito inanso yachitika pazinthu zoyambira zasayansi pokonzekera ufa wa fulorosenti, monga mphamvu yakukonzekera pakuyenda, kuonetsetsa kuti fulorosenti ya fulorosenti ndi yokhazikika komanso yokhazikika.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuwala koyera kwa LED kumatengera njira yophatikizira yophatikizika ya ufa wa fulorosenti ndi silikoni.Chifukwa cha kusayenda bwino kwamafuta a ufa wa fulorosenti, chipangizocho chimawotcha chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti silikoni ikalamba ndikufupikitsa moyo wautumiki wa chipangizocho.Vutoli ndi lalikulu kwambiri pa ma LED amphamvu amphamvu kwambiri.Kuyika kwakutali ndi njira imodzi yothetsera vutoli mwa kuyika ufa wa fulorosenti ku gawo lapansi ndikulekanitsa ndi gwero la kuwala kwa buluu la LED, potero kuchepetsa mphamvu ya kutentha kopangidwa ndi chip pa ntchito ya luminescent ya fulorosenti ya ufa.Ngati zoumba zadothi za fulorosenti zachilendo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a kutentha kwapamwamba, kukana kwa dzimbiri, kukhazikika kwapamwamba, komanso kutulutsa bwino kwa kuwala, amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira za LED yoyera yamphamvu kwambiri yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri.Ma ufa ang'onoang'ono a nano okhala ndi ntchito zambiri za sintering komanso kubalalitsidwa kwakukulu kwakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pokonzekera zoumba zowoneka bwino zapadziko lapansi zowoneka bwino zokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kwambiri.
03.Rare Earth upconversion luminescent nanomaterials
Upconversion luminescence ndi mtundu wapadera wa luminescence womwe umadziwika ndi kuyamwa kwa ma photon angapo otsika mphamvu ndi zida za luminescent komanso kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwamphamvu kwa photon.Poyerekeza ndi mamolekyu amtundu wamtundu wachilengedwe kapena madontho amtundu, ma rare earth upconversion luminescent nanomaterials ali ndi zabwino zambiri monga kusintha kwakukulu kwa anti Stokes, bandi yopapatiza, kukhazikika bwino, kawopsedwe kakang'ono, kuya kwakuya kwa minofu, komanso kusokoneza kwapang'onopang'ono kwa fluorescence.Iwo ali ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri m'munda wa biomedical.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, kusinthika kwapadziko lapansi kosowa kuwala kowala kwa nanomaterials kwapita patsogolo kwambiri pakuphatikizika, kusinthika kwapadziko lapansi, magwiridwe antchito, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito biomedical.Anthu kusintha luminescence ntchito zipangizo ndi optimizing zikuchokera, gawo gawo, kukula, etc. pa nanoscale, ndi kaphatikizidwe pachimake/chipolopolo dongosolo kuchepetsa luminescence quenching likulu, pofuna kuonjezera mwayi kusintha.Mwa kusintha kwa mankhwala, khazikitsani matekinoloje okhala ndi biocompatibility yabwino kuti muchepetse kawopsedwe, ndikupanga njira zofananira zosinthira ma cell amoyo okhala ndi luminescent ndi mu vivo;Pangani njira zolumikizirana bwino komanso zotetezeka zachilengedwe potengera zosowa zamagwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana (ma cell ozindikira chitetezo chamthupi, kujambula mu vivo fluorescence, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, mankhwala otulutsa zithunzi, etc.).
Kafukufukuyu ali ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri komanso phindu pazachuma, ndipo ali ndi tanthauzo lasayansi pakupanga nanomedicine, kulimbikitsa thanzi la anthu, komanso kupita patsogolo kwa anthu.
No.2 Zosowa zapadziko lapansi nano maginito
Zosowa padziko lapansi okhazikika maginito zipangizo zadutsa magawo atatu chitukuko: SmCo5, Sm2Co7, ndi Nd2Fe14B.Monga kudya kuzimitsidwa NdFeB maginito ufa kwa womangidwa okhazikika maginito zipangizo, kukula kwa tirigu ranges ku 20nm kuti 50nm, kupanga izo mmene nanocrystalline osowa dziko okhazikika maginito zakuthupi.
Zosowa zapadziko lapansi za nanomagnetic zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono, mawonekedwe amtundu umodzi, komanso kukakamiza kwambiri.Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zojambulira maginito kumatha kusintha chiŵerengero cha ma signal-to-noise ndi khalidwe la zithunzi.Chifukwa chakuchepa kwake komanso kudalirika kwakukulu, kugwiritsa ntchito kwake mumayendedwe ang'onoang'ono amagalimoto ndi njira yofunikira pakukula kwa m'badwo watsopano wamagalimoto apanyanja, ndege, ndi ma mota apanyanja.Pakukumbukira maginito, maginito amadzimadzi, Giant Magneto Resistance zida, magwiridwe antchito amatha kusintha kwambiri, kupanga zida kukhala zogwira ntchito kwambiri komanso zocheperako.
No.3Dziko lapansi losowa nanozida zothandizira
Zinthu zosowa zapadziko lapansi zimatengera pafupifupi machitidwe onse othandizira.Chifukwa cha zotsatira zapamtunda, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, komanso kukula kwa kuchuluka, nanotechnology yosowa padziko lapansi yakopa chidwi kwambiri.Muzochitika zambiri zamakhemikolo, zopangira zapadziko lapansi zosowa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.Ngati ma nanocatalysts osowa padziko lapansi agwiritsidwa ntchito, ntchito yothandiza komanso yogwira ntchito bwino idzayenda bwino.
Ma nanocatalysts osowa padziko lapansi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta opangira mafuta komanso kuyeretsa utsi wamagalimoto.Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lapansi nanocatalytic zida ndiCeO2ndiLa2O3, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zolimbikitsa ndi zolimbikitsa, komanso zonyamula zonyamula.
No.4Nano cerium oxideultraviolet choteteza zinthu
Nano cerium oxide imadziwika kuti m'badwo wachitatu wa ultraviolet isolation agent, wokhala ndi mphamvu yodzipatula komanso kufalikira kwakukulu.Mu zodzoladzola, otsika othandizira ntchito nano ceria ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati UV kudzipatula.Chifukwa chake, chidwi chamsika ndikuzindikirika kwa zida zotchingira za nano cerium oxide ultraviolet ndizokwera.Kuwongolera kosalekeza kwa kuphatikiza kophatikizana kwa dera kumafuna zida zatsopano zopangira njira zopangira zida zophatikizika.Zatsopano ndi zofunika apamwamba kupukuta madzimadzi, ndi semiconductor osowa dziko kupukuta madzimadzi ayenera kukwaniritsa chofunika ichi, ndi liwiro kupukuta mofulumira ndi kupukuta voliyumu zochepa.Nano osowa nthaka kupukuta zipangizo ndi yotakata msika.
Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa umwini wagalimoto kwadzetsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mpweya, ndipo kukhazikitsa zida zoyeretsera utsi wagalimoto ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yothanirana ndi kuipitsidwa kwa utsi.Nano cerium zirconium composite oxides amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuyeretsa mpweya wa mchira.
No.5 Zida zina zogwirira ntchito za nano
01. Zosowa zapadziko lapansi nano ceramic zipangizo
Nano ceramic ufa amatha kuchepetsa kutentha kwa sintering, komwe ndi 200 ℃ ~ 300 ℃ kutsika kuposa ufa wa nano ceramic womwe uli nawo.Kuwonjezera nano CeO2 ku ceramics kumatha kuchepetsa kutentha kwa sintering, kuletsa kukula kwa lattice, ndikuwongolera kachulukidwe kazoumba.Kuwonjezera zinthu zachilendo padziko lapansi mongaY2O3, CeO2, or La2O3 to ZrO2chingalepheretse mkulu-kutentha gawo kusintha ndi embrittlement wa ZrO2, ndi kupeza ZrO2 gawo kusintha toughened ceramic structural zipangizo.
Zida zamagetsi zamagetsi (masensa amagetsi, zida za PTC, zida za microwave, ma capacitors, thermistors, ndi zina) zokonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ultrafine kapena nanoscale CeO2, Y2O3,Nd2O3, Sm2O3, ndi zina zotero zasintha mphamvu zamagetsi, kutentha, ndi kukhazikika.
Kuphatikizira zinthu zamtundu wa photocatalytic pakupanga glaze kumatha kukonza zoumba za antibacterial zosowa padziko lapansi.
02.Rare lapansi nano woonda filimu zipangizo
Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo, zofunikira pazantchito zikuchulukirachulukira, zomwe zimafuna kuti zinthu zikhale zabwino kwambiri, zowonda kwambiri, zowonda kwambiri, komanso kudzaza kwazinthu zambiri.Pakalipano, pali magulu atatu akuluakulu a mafilimu osowa padziko lapansi a nano omwe apangidwa: mafilimu osowa padziko lapansi a nano, mafilimu osowa padziko lapansi a oxide nano, ndi mafilimu osowa padziko lapansi a nano alloy.Makanema osowa padziko lapansi a nano amakhalanso ndi gawo lofunikira mumakampani azidziwitso, catalysis, mphamvu, mayendedwe, ndi mankhwala amoyo.
Mapeto
China ndi dziko lalikulu lomwe lili ndi chuma chosowa padziko lapansi.Kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma nanomatadium osowa padziko lapansi ndi njira yatsopano yogwiritsira ntchito bwino zinthu zapadziko lapansi.Pofuna kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito zapadziko lapansi osowa ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko cha zida zatsopano zogwirira ntchito, njira yatsopano yophunzirira iyenera kukhazikitsidwa mwaukadaulo wazinthu kuti ikwaniritse zosowa za kafukufuku pa nanoscale, kupanga ma nanomaterials osowa padziko lapansi kukhala ndi magwiridwe antchito abwinoko, ndikupanga kutuluka. za katundu watsopano ndi ntchito zotheka.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-29-2023