Ama-nanomaterials omhlaba angavamile
Ama-nanomaterials omhlaba angavamile Izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile zinesakhiwo se-electronic se-4f sub layer eyingqayizivele, umzuzu omkhulu kazibuthe we-athomu, ukuhlangana okuqinile kwe-spin orbit nezinye izici, okuholela ekubonakaleni okucebile kakhulu, ugesi, kazibuthe nezinye izici.Ziyizinto zamasu ezibalulekile ukuze amazwe emhlabeni jikelele aguqule izimboni zendabuko futhi athuthukise ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu, futhi aziwa ngokuthi "indlu yomcebo yezinto ezintsha".
Ngokungeziwe ekusebenziseni kwayo emikhakheni yendabuko efana nemishini yensimbi, amakhemikhali e-petrochemicals, izitsha zobumba zengilazi, nezindwangu ezilula,imihlaba engavamilenazo ziyizinto ezibalulekile ezisekelayo emikhakheni esafufusa njengamandla ahlanzekile, izimoto ezinkulu, izimoto zamandla amasha, ukukhanya kwe-semiconductor, nezibonisi ezintsha, ezihlobene eduze nempilo yomuntu.
Ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka entuthuko, ukugxila kocwaningo oluhlobene nomhlaba ongavamile kuye kwashintsha ngokufanayo kusukela ekuncibilikeni nasekuhlukaniseni umhlaba owodwa ohlanzekile ongavamile kuya ekusebenziseni ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu bomhlaba ongavamile kumagnetism, optics, ugesi, ukugcinwa kwamandla, i-catalysis, i-biomedicine, nezinye izinkambu.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunomkhuba omkhulu obheke ezintweni eziyinhlanganisela yomhlaba ezingavamile ohlelweni lwezinto ezibonakalayo;Ngakolunye uhlangothi, igxile kakhulu ezintweni ezisezingeni eliphansi zekristalu ezisebenzayo ngokuya nge-morphology.Ikakhulukazi ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-nanoscience yesimanje, ukuhlanganisa imiphumela yosayizi omncane, imiphumela ye-quantum, imiphumela engaphezulu, kanye nemiphumela ye-interface yama-nanomaterials enezici eziyingqayizivele zesakhiwo sengqimba ye-elekthronikhi yezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba, ama-nanomaterials omhlaba abonisa izici eziningi zamanoveli ezihlukile ezintweni zendabuko, ukwandisa ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba, Futhi ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo emikhakheni yezinto zendabuko kanye nokukhiqiza okusha kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.
Njengamanje, kukhona ikakhulukazi ama-nanomaterials omhlaba athembisa kakhulu athembisayo kakhulu, okuyizinto ezingavamile zomhlaba nano luminescent, izinto ezingavamile ze-nano catalytics zomhlaba, izinto ezingavamile ze-nano magnetic,I-nano cerium oxideizinto zokuvikela i-ultraviolet, nezinye izinto zokusebenza ze-nano.
No.1Izinto ezingavamile ze-nano luminescent zomhlaba
01. I-Rare Earth organic-inorganic hybrid luminescent nanomaterials
Izinto ezihlanganisiwe zihlanganisa amayunithi ahlukene okusebenza ezingeni lamangqamuzana ukuze kuzuzwe imisebenzi ehambisanayo nethuthukisiwe.I-Organic inorganic hybrid material inemisebenzi yezingxenye ze-organic kanye ne-inorganic, ebonisa ukuzinza okuhle kwemishini, ukuguquguquka, ukuzinza okushisayo kanye nokucutshungulwa okuhle kakhulu.
Umhlaba ongavamileizakhiwo zinezinzuzo eziningi, njengokuhlanzeka kombala okuphezulu, impilo ende yesimo esijabulile, isivuno esiphezulu se-quantum, kanye nemigqa ye-spectrum ecebile ephumayo.Asetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni eminingi, njengokuboniswa, i-optical waveguide amplification, ama-laser-state aqinile, i-biomarker, kanye ne-anti-counterfeiting.Kodwa-ke, ukuzinza okuphansi kwe-photothermal kanye nokungacutshunguki kahle kwezakhiwo zomhlaba ezingavamile kuphazamisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwazo nokuphromotha.Ukuhlanganisa izakhiwo zomhlaba ezingavamile kanye no-matrices wezinto ezingaphili ezinezakhiwo ezinhle zemishini nokuzinza kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuthuthukisa izakhiwo ze-luminescent zezakhiwo zomhlaba ezingavamile.
Kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-organic organic hybrid material engajwayelekile, izitayela zabo zokuthuthuka zibonisa izici ezilandelayo:
① I-hybrid material etholwe ngendlela ye-doping yamakhemikhali inezinto ezisebenzayo ezizinzile, inani eliphezulu le-doping kanye nokusabalalisa okufanayo kwezingxenye;
② Ukuguqula kusuka ezintweni ezisebenzayo okukodwa kuya ezintweni ezisebenza ngezinto eziningi, ukuthuthukisa izinto ezisebenza ngezinto eziningi ukwenza izinhlelo zokusebenza zibe zibanzi;
③ I-matrix ihlukile, kusukela ngokuyinhloko ku-silica kuya kuma-substrates ahlukahlukene njenge-titanium dioxide, ama-polymers aphilayo, ubumba, noketshezi lwe-ionic.
02. Izinto ezikhanyayo ze-LED ezingavamile emhlabeni
Uma kuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa obukhona, imikhiqizo yokukhanyisa i-semiconductor efana ne-light-emitting diode (ama-LED) inezinzuzo ezifana nempilo ende yesevisi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kokukhanya, i-mercury free, i-UV mahhala, nokusebenza okuzinzile.Babhekwa "njengomthombo wokukhanya wesizukulwane sesine" ngemva kwamalambu e-incandescent, amalambu e-fluorescent, nezibani zokukhipha igesi ezinamandla aphezulu (ama-HID).
I-LED emhlophe yenziwe ngama-chips, substrates, phosphors, nabashayeli.Impushana ye-fluorescent yomhlaba engavamile idlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-LED emhlophe.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwenziwa inani elikhulu lomsebenzi wocwaningo kumaphosphor amhlophe e-LED futhi kwenziwe inqubekelaphambili enhle kakhulu:
① Ukuthuthukiswa kohlobo olusha lwe-phosphor ejatshuliswe i-LED eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (460m) yenze ucwaningo lwe-doping nokulungiswa kwe-YAO2Ce (YAG: Ce) esetshenziswa kuma-chips e-LED aluhlaza ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhanya nokunikezwa kombala;
② Ukwakhiwa kwezimpushana ezintsha ze-fluorescent ezijatshuliswa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (400m) noma ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (360mm) kuhlole ngokuhlelekile ukwakheka, ukwakheka, nezici zokubukeka kwezimpushana eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezikhanyayo ezibomvu neziluhlaza, kanye nezilinganiso ezihlukene zezimpushana ezintathu ze-fluorescent. ukuthola i-LED emhlophe enamazinga okushisa emibala ehlukene;
③ Umsebenzi owengeziwe wenziwe ezindabeni eziyisisekelo zesayensi ekulungiseni impushana ye-fluorescent, njengethonya lenqubo yokulungiselela ku-flux, ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokuzinza kwempushana ye-fluorescent.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhanya okumhlophe kwe-LED ngokuyinhloko kusebenzisa inqubo yokupakisha exubile ye-fluorescent powder kanye ne-silicone.Ngenxa yokushisa okungekuhle kwempushana ye-fluorescent, idivayisi izoshisa ngenxa yesikhathi eside sokusebenza, okuholela ekugugeni kwe-silicone nokwenza kube mfushane impilo yesevisi yedivayisi.Le nkinga ibucayi ikakhulukazi kuma-LED amhlophe anamandla aphezulu.Ukupakishwa kwesilawuli kude kungenye yezindlela zokuxazulula le nkinga ngokunamathisela impushana ye-fluorescent ku-substrate futhi iyihlukanise nomthombo wokukhanya we-LED eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe umthelela wokushisa okhiqizwe yi-chip ekusebenzeni kwe-luminescent kwempushana ye-fluorescent.Uma izitsha ze-ceramic ze-fluorescent zomhlaba ezingavamile zinezici zokuguquguquka okushisayo okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu, ukuzinza okuphezulu, kanye nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokuphuma kwe-optical, zingahlangabezana kangcono nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza lwe-LED emhlophe enamandla amakhulu enamandla amakhulu.Izimpushana ezincane ze-nano ezinomsebenzi ophezulu we-sintering kanye nokuhlakazeka okuphezulu sekuyinto edingekayo ebalulekile ekulungiseni ukukhanya okuphakeme okungavamile kobumba be-ceramics optical optical yomhlaba nokusebenza okuphezulu kokuphumayo.
03.Rare Earth upconversion luminescent nanomaterials
I-Upconversion luminescence iwuhlobo olukhethekile lwenqubo ye-luminescence ebonakala ngokumuncwa kwama-photon amaningi anamandla aphansi ngezinto ze-luminescent kanye nokukhiqizwa kokukhishwa kwe-photon yamandla aphezulu.Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-molecule kadayi wemvelo wendabuko noma amachashazi e-quantum, ama-nanomaterials angavamile okuguqulwa komhlaba okuguquguqukayo anezinzuzo eziningi ezifana noshintsho olukhulu lwe-anti Stokes, ibhande lokukhipha umoya eliwumngcingo, ukuzinza okuhle, ubuthi obuphansi, ukujula kokungena kwezicubu eziphakeme, kanye nokuphazanyiswa kwe-fluorescence okuzenzakalelayo okuphansi.Banamathemba abanzi okusebenza emkhakheni we-biomedical.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ama-nananomaterials okuguqula umhlaba angavamile aguqule i-luminescent enze inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile ekuhlanganiseni, ekuguquleni indawo, ekusebenzeni kobuso, nasekusetshenzisweni kwe-biomedical.Abantu bathuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-luminescence yezinto ngokuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwazo, isimo sesigaba, usayizi, njll. ku-nanoscale, kanye nokuhlanganisa isakhiwo esiyinhloko/igobolondo ukuze kuncishiswe isikhungo sokucisha i-luminescence, ukuze kwandiswe amathuba oshintsho.Ngokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali, sungula ubuchwepheshe obunokuvumelana okuhle kwe-biocompatibility ukuze kuncishiswe ubuthi, futhi kuthuthukiswe izindlela zokucabanga zokuguqula amaseli aphilayo e-luminescent kanye ne-vivo;Yakha izindlela zokuhlanganisa eziphilayo ezisebenzayo neziphephile ezisekelwe ezidingweni zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene (amaseli okuthola amasosha omzimba, i-invivo fluorescence imaging, ukwelashwa kwe-photodynamic, ukwelashwa kwe-photothermal, izidakamizwa ezikhishwayo ezilawulwa yisithombe, njll.).
Lolu cwaningo lunamandla amakhulu okufaka isicelo kanye nezinzuzo zezomnotho, futhi lunokubaluleka okubalulekile kwesayensi ekuthuthukisweni kwe-nanomedicine, ukukhuthazwa kwempilo yabantu, kanye nenqubekelaphambili yomphakathi.
No.2 Izinto ezingavamile ze-nano magnetic
Izinto zikazibuthe zomhlaba ezingavamile zidlule ezigabeni ezintathu zokuthuthuka: SmCo5, Sm2Co7, kanye ne-Nd2Fe14B.Njengempushana kazibuthe ecisha ngokushesha ye-NdFeB yezinto zikazibuthe eziboshelwe unomphela, usayizi wokusanhlamvu usukela ku-20nm kuya ku-50nm, okwenza kube yizinto ezijwayelekile zikazibuthe ezingavamile emhlabeni.
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-nanomagnetic zomhlaba ezingavamile zinezici zosayizi omncane, isakhiwo sesizinda esisodwa, nokuphoqelela okuphezulu.Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokuqopha kazibuthe kungathuthukisa isilinganiso sesignali-kuya-nomsindo kanye nekhwalithi yesithombe.Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncane nokuthembeka okuphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezinhlelweni zezimoto ezincane kuyisiqondiso esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kwesizukulwane esisha sezindiza, i-aerospace, kanye nezinjini zasolwandle.Ngenkumbulo kazibuthe, uketshezi kazibuthe, izinto zokumelana ne-Giant Magneto Resistance, ukusebenza kungathuthukiswa kakhulu, kwenze amadivayisi asebenze kakhulu futhi enziwe kancane.
No.3Umhlaba ongavamile nanoizinto ze-catalytic
Izinto zokwakha ezingavamile zomhlaba zihlanganisa cishe konke ukusabela kwe-catalytic.Ngenxa yemiphumela engaphezulu, imiphumela yevolumu, nemiphumela yosayizi we-quantum, i-nanotechnology yomhlaba engavamile iye yanda kakhulu ukunaka.Ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali amaningi, ama-catalysts angavamile emhlabeni asetshenziswa.Uma kusetshenziswa ama-nanocatalysts omhlaba angavamile, umsebenzi we-catalytic kanye nokusebenza kahle kuzothuthukiswa kakhulu.
Ama-nanocatalysts omhlaba angavamile ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ekwelashweni kwe-petroleum catalytic cracking kanye nokuhlanza kokukhipha umoya wezimoto.Izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezingavamile emhlabeni nanocatalytic yileziCeO2futhiLa2O3, engasetshenziswa njengama-catalysts nabagqugquzeli, kanye nabathwali be-catalyst.
No.4I-Nano cerium oxideizinto zokuvikela i-ultraviolet
I-Nano cerium oxide yaziwa njenge-ejenti yokuhlukanisa i-ultraviolet yesizukulwane sesithathu, enomthelela omuhle wokuhlukanisa kanye nokudluliswa okuphezulu.Ezimonyoni, umsebenzi ophansi we-catalytic i-nano ceria kufanele isetshenziswe njenge-ejenti ehlukanisayo ye-UV.Ngakho-ke, ukunaka kwemakethe nokuqashelwa kwe-nano cerium oxide ultraviolet izinto zokuvikela kuphezulu.Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokuhlanganiswa kwesifunda okuhlanganisiwe kudinga izinto ezintsha zezinqubo zokukhiqiza ama-chip wesifunda.Izinto ezintsha zinezidingo eziphakeme zokupholisha uketshezi, futhi uketshezi lokupholisha umhlaba olungavamile lwe-semiconductor ludinga ukuhlangabezana nale mfuneko, ngesivinini esisheshayo sokupholisha kanye nevolumu encane yokupholisha.Izinto zokupholisha umhlaba ezingavamile ze-Nano zinemakethe ebanzi.
Ukwanda okuphawulekayo kobunikazi bezimoto kubangele ukungcoliswa komoya okubi kakhulu, futhi ukufakwa kwezisusa zokuhlanza imfucumfucu yezimoto kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokulawula ukungcola kombhobho.I-Nano cerium zirconium composite oxides idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izinga lokuhlanzwa kwegesi yomsila.
No.5 Ezinye izinto zokusebenza ze-nano
01. Izinto ezingavamile zomhlaba ze-nano ceramic
I-Nano Ceramic powder inganciphisa kakhulu izinga lokushisa le-sintering, eliphansi ngo-200 ℃~300 ℃ kunalelo le-non-nano ceramic powder enokwakheka okufanayo.Ukwengeza i-nano CeO2 kuma-ceramics kunganciphisa izinga lokushisa le-sintering, kuvimbele ukukhula kwe-lattice, futhi kuthuthukise ukuminyana kwezitsha zobumba.Ukwengeza izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile njengeY2O3, I-CeO2, or La2O3 to ZrO2ingavimbela ukuguqulwa kwesigaba sezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokufiphala kwe-ZrO2, futhi ithole ukuguqulwa kwesigaba se-ZrO2 okuqinile kwesakhiwo se-ceramic.
I-ceramics kagesi (izinzwa zikagesi, izinto ze-PTC, izinto ze-microwave, ama-capacitor, ama-thermistors, njll.) ezilungiselelwe kusetshenziswa i-ultrafine noma i-nanoscale CeO2, Y2O3,Nge2O3, Sm2O3, njll. ziye zathuthukisa izici zikagesi, ezishisayo, neziqinile.
Ukwengeza izinto eziyinhlanganisela ye-photocatalytic eyenziwe yasebenza yomhlaba kwifomula ecwebezelayo kungalungisa izitsha zobumba ezilwa namagciwane zomhlaba ezingavamile.
02.Izinto ezingavamile zefilimu enano emhlabeni
Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, izidingo zokusebenza kwemikhiqizo ziya ngokuya ziba nzima, ezidinga ukucwengeka kakhulu, ukuzacile kakhulu, ukuminyana okuphezulu kakhulu, kanye nokugcwaliswa okuphezulu kwemikhiqizo.Njengamanje, kunezigaba ezintathu ezinkulu zamafilimu e-nano omhlaba ayivelakancane athuthukisiwe: amafilimu e-nano ayinkimbinkimbi yomhlaba, amafilimu e-nano oksidi yomhlaba ayivelakancane, namafilimu ayivelakancane e-nano alloy.Amafilimu e-nano omhlaba angavamile nawo adlala indima ebalulekile embonini yolwazi, i-catalysis, amandla, ezokuthutha, kanye nemithi yokuphila.
Isiphetho
I-China iyizwe elikhulu elinemithombo yomhlaba engavamile.Ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-nanomaterials omhlaba angavamile kuyindlela entsha yokusebenzisa kahle izinsiza zomhlaba ezingavamile.Ukuze kwandiswe ububanzi bokusetshenziswa komhlaba ongavamile futhi kukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezintsha ezisebenzayo, kufanele kusungulwe uhlelo olusha lwethiyori ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zocwaningo ku-nanoscale, kwenze ama-nanomaterials angavamile emhlabeni abe nokusebenza okungcono, futhi enze ukuvela. wezakhiwo ezintsha nemisebenzi engenzeka.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-29-2023