Ukusetyenziswa komhlaba onqabileyo kwilizwe elinqabileyo kunokusetyenziselwa ukumisela inqanaba leshishini. Nakuphi na ukuphakama, kuchanekile, kunye nezinto eziphezulu, izinto kunye nezixhobo azikwazi ukwahlulwa kwizinyithi ezinqabileyo. Kutheni le nto intsimbi enye iyenza abanye abantu bazimele ngakumbi kunawe? Ngaba isixhobo esifanayo soomatshini sincipha ukuba abanye baqinile kwaye sichanekile kunawe? Ngaba ikwayikristale enye yokuba abanye bakwazi ukufikelela kubushushu obuphezulu ongu-1650 ° C? Kutheni le nto iglasi yomnye umntu inesalathiso esiphezulu sokwenza i-Recoc? Kutheni le nto i-toyota ifikelela kweyona nto iphakamileyo yehlabathi isebenza nge-41%? Zonke ezi zinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kweentsimbi ezinqabileyo.
I-Rure Sourtals, ekwabizwa ngokuba yimimandla enqabileyo yomhlaba, ligama elihlanganyelweyo lezinto ezili-17 zeIsikali, yttrium. I-Scandium kunye ne-yttrium ithathelwa ingqalelo izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kuba zihlala zithanda izinto ze-lanthanaide ezikwiidipozithi zeMineral kwaye zineempawu ezifanayo zeekhemikhali.
Ngokungafaniyo negama layo lithetha, ubuninzi beempawu zomhlaba ezinqabileyo (ngaphandle kwe-prometium) kwi-crust iphezulu kakhulu, nge-cirium ye-Wirium ye-Wirium ye-Wirium yezinto ezixineneyo, i-Accounting ye-0.0068% (kufutshane ne-Copper). Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeepropathi zayo ze-geochemical, izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba azifane zityetywe kwinqanaba lokuqhekeka kwezoqoqosho. Igama lezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zithathwe kukunqongophala kwabo. Umhlaba wokuqala onqabileyo wafunyanwa ngabantu yayiyi-silicon bericon ye-Berryllium Yttrium Ore kwilali yase-Itebi, eSweden, apho amagama amaninzi anqabileyo avela khona.
Amagama abo kunye neesimboli zekhemikhaliSc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Yb, and Lu. I-Atomic yabo ye-Atomic ngama-21 (i-SC), 39 (y), 57 (LA) ukuya kwi-71 (Lu).
Imbali yembali yezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba
Ngo-1787, uSweden Ca Shefunius wafumana umhlaba ongaqhelekanga womhlaba onqabileyo we-ore emnyama kwidolophu encinci ye-Ytterby kufutshane neStocholm. Ngo-1794, iFinnish J. Gadolin yedwa into entsha kuyo. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva (1797), iSweden Askeberg iqinisekisile le nto kwaye yathiywa igama elitsha yeYttria (iYttrium And) emva kwendawo eyafunyanwa kuyo. Emva kwexesha, kwimemori yeGadolinin, olu hlobo lwe-ore lwalubizwa ngokuba nguGadolinite. Ngo-1803, iJamani iSweproth, iSweden Chemists Jj Berzelius, kwaye u-W. Ngo-1839, iSwede CG Mousander yafumanisa i-lanthanum. Ngo-1843, i-termium yafumanisa i-Terbium kunye ne-erbium kwakhona. Ngo-1878, uSwitzerland Marinac wafumanisa i-YTTERBIUM. Ngo-1879, iSamarium efunyenwe iSarium, iSweden yafunyanwa i-wlimium ne-gulium, kunye neSwedium efunyenweyo Scandium. Ngo-1880, uSwitzerland Marinac wafumanisa iGadalinium. Ngo-1885, uAustrian A. von wels bhaphe wafumanisa i-rasehedymuum kunye ne-neodimuum. Ngo-1886, iBouvabadrand ifunyenwe idysprosium. Ngo-1901, indoda yaseFransi yase-Ea Dedearcay yafumana i-Europium. Ngo-1907, indoda yaseFransi G. Urban ifunyenwe i-Lutertitium. Ngo-1947, amaMelika anje ngeJa Marinsky afumene i-promelethium ukusuka kwiimveliso ze-Uranium. Kuthathe ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-150 ukwahlukana kwe-Yttrium Africtor nguGadalin ngo-1794 kwimveliso yeprometium ngo-1947.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba
Izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlababaziwa ngokuba "ziivithamini zemizi-mveliso" kwaye zinezinto ezingacocekanga ze-manytic arnetic, i-ony, kunye nezakhiwo ezibonakalayo, ukudlala indima enkulu ekuphuculeni intsebenzo yemveliso, kunye nokuphuculwa kwempumelelo kwimveliso. Ngenxa yesiphumo esikhulu sayo kunye nedosi ephantsi, umhlaba onqabileyo ube yinto ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ulwakhiwo lwemveliso, ukwanda komxholo wetekhnoloji, kunye nokukhuthaza inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji. Basetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimimandla efana ne-metaltorgy, emkhosini, i-petrochemical, i-ceramics yeglasi, ezolimo kunye nezinto ezintsha.
Ishishini le-metrical
Umhlaba onqabileyoisetyenzisiwe kwicandelo le-mentellical ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30, kwaye lenze itekhnoloji yeqonga kunye neenkqubo. Ukusetyenziswa komhlaba onqabileyo kwiintsimbi zentsimbi kunye nezingafikelelekiyo yintsimi enkulu nebanzi enamathemba apheleleyo. Ukongezwa kweentsimbi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, i-fluors, kunye nezilonda zentsimbi kunokudlala indima ekucoceni, ukususwa, ukulungisa inyibilikisileyo yokunyibilika, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwentsimbi; I-rare yomhlaba yentsimbi ye-Iron Alloy kunye ne-FARD TALD LINICON ALMOLY ALTESS isetyenziswa njengabaphengululi be-spresiding ukuba bavelise i-iron enqabileyo. Ngenxa yokufaneleka kwabo okhethekileyo ekuveliseni iinxalenye zentsimbi ezinzima ezineemfuno ezizodwa, olu hlobo lwentsimbi lusetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwimizi mveliso yoomatshini njengeemoto, iitrektara, kunye neenjini zedizili; Ukongeza izinyithi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kwizilwanyana ezingengabi nazilwanyana ezinjenge-magnesium, i-aluminium, u-Copcper, iZinc, kunye ne-NCEPRERTER enokuphucula ubushushu begumbi kunye ne-proper yegumbi kunye nobushushu beqondo eliphezulu.
Intsimi yasemkhosini
Ngenxa yepropathi yayo ebalaseleyo ebalaseleyo efana nefoto kunye ne-magnetism, umhlaba onqabileyo unokwenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezintsha kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo kwaye uphucule kakhulu umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kwezinye iimveliso. Ke ngoko, yaziwa ngokuba yi "golide endlini". Okokuqala, ukongezwa kwemihlaba enqabileyo kunokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwentsimbi, i-Aluminium Alloys, Alneys, kunye ne-Alneys Alloys, kunye ne-Always Alloys esetyenziswa ekwenzeni iitanki, inqwelo moya, kunye nemijukujelwa. Ukongeza, umhlaba onqabileyo unokusetyenziswa njengezicelo ezininzi ze-Tech-teknoloji enama-othane, i-lars, ishishini lenyukliya, kunye ne-SuperClondUnity. Nje ukuba iteknoloji yomhlaba idlwengule emkhosini, iya kuzisa i-theap kwitekhnoloji yasemkhosini. Ngengqondo ethile, ulawulo olugqithisileyo lwe-US kumkhosi wase-US kwiimfazwe zamakhaya emva kweMfazwe ebandayo, kunye nokwazi kwayo ukubulala iintshaba ngokungekho mthethweni, ezinjengeSuperman.
Ishishini le-Petrochemical
Izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zinokusetyenziselwa ukwenza i-sutaly suku le-molerler kwishishini le-petrochemical kwishishini, ngenzuzo efana nomsebenzi ophezulu, ukukhetha okuhle, kunye nokungaxhathisi kakhulu ityhefu yentsimbi yentsimbi. Ke ngoko, batshintshe i-alticom ye-batalyss ye-catalys ye-petroleum ye-petroleum ye-petroleum; Kwinkqubo yemveliso ye-ammonia, inani elincinci le-nitrate isetyenziswa njengecoctalyst, kwaye umthamo wayo wegesi ngamaxesha angama-1.5 amatyeli kune-aluminim ye-Aluminim Catalyst; Kwinkqubo yokutshintsha i-CIS-1,4-i-polybutadiene irabha kunye nerabha ye-isoprene, imveliso ifunyenwe isebenzisa i-aluminium ye-aluminium ye-cyperyorest ye-cypelobnak ye-cycloalkate ye-Cypersing, enokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo yokunyanga; I-Ox Sound Souds Ososide ye-Oxide ikwanokusetyenziswa njenge-cataights yokucoca igesi engapheliyo kwinjini yokudibana yangaphakathi, kunye ne-cerium naphthenate inokusetyenziswa njengearhente yokomisa.
Iglasi-ceramic
Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kwiglasi ye-China kunye ne-ceramic inyuke ngomgangatho we-25% ukusukela ngo-1600 i-ceramics ye-ceiramics ayizizo kuphela i-curtied the frity. I-ox yomhlaba onqabileyo okanye umhlaba onqabileyo ugxile kakhulu unokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengamapolo ohamba ngeglasi, iilebhu ze-hibs, i-tubes, i-Oscillocope Toblewawa, iplastiki, kunye ne-platine yetafile; Kwinkqubo yeglasi yokunyibilika, i-cerium diokside inokusetyenziselwa ukuba nefuthe elinamandla le-oxidation kwi-iron, ukunciphisa umxholo wentsimbi kwiglasi kunye nokufezekisa umbala oluhlaza kwiglasi; Ukongeza i-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide yeglasi kunye neglasi ekhethekileyo ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya iglasi enokuthi ifumane i-ultraviolet rays, iglasi kunye neglasi ye-Acid kunye neglasi yokunganyangeki, i-X-Grand; Ukongeza izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kwi-ceramic kunye ne-porcelain i-porcelain inokunciphisa ukwahlula-hlulwa kweeglasi kwaye zenze iimveliso zasondeza imibala eyahlukeneyo kunye neeglosi, ezenza basebenzise kakhulu kwishishini le-ceramic.
Ezolimo
Iziphumo zophando zibonisa ukuba izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zinokunyusa i-chlorophyll yezityalo, ukuphucula i-photosynthesis, ukukhuthaza uphuhliso lweengcambu, kwaye unyuse ukufunxa kwesondlo ziingcambu. Izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zinokukhuthaza ukukhula kwembewu, ukunyusa inqanaba lokukhulisa imbewu, kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula kwembewu. Ukongeza kwimisebenzi ephambili ekhankanywe apha ngasentla, ikwanakho ukuphucula isifo, ukunganyangeki okubandayo, kunye nokuxhathisa imbalela yezityalo ezithile. Izifundo ezininzi zibonakalise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweendlela ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kunokukhuthaza ukufunxwa, inguqu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezakha mzimba zizityalo. Ukutshiza izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kunokubangela umxholo we-VC, umxholo weswekile opheleleyo, kunye ne-acidi ye-acid yeswekile ye-Apple kunye ne-citrus, ukukhuthaza imibala yeziqhamo kunye nokuvuthwa kwemibala kunye nokuvuthwa kweziqhamo kunye nokuvuthwa kweziqhamo kunye nokuvuthwa kweziqhamo kunye nokuvuthwa kweziqhamo. Kwaye inokucinezela ubukhulu becala ngexesha lokugcina nokunciphisa inqanaba lokubola.
Indawo entsha yezixhobo
I-suremium ye-neodium ye-geney-i-bitnet ye-boron i-hight, enoxolo oluphezulu, i-coritys ephezulu, kunye nemveliso yamandla e-magnetic, isetyenziswa ngamashishini e-elektroniki kunye ne-aerospace kwimizi-mveliso ye-elektroniki (ngakumbi i-pubble yomoya); I-Garnet Testrite Ferrite i-crystals kunye neepolycrystals eziyenziwe ngokudityaniswa kwe-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide ye-oxide kunye ne-ferric oxide kwimizi-mveliso ye-microwave kunye ne-elektroniki; I-Yttrium Alumnum Garnet kunye ne-Neodmium ye-Neodmium eyenziwe nge-neodymium ecocekileyo ye-neodium ecocekileyo inokusetyenziswa njengezixhobo eziqinileyo; I-hextariderd yasemhlabeni inqabile inokusetyenziswa njengezixhobo ze-Moushode zokukhutshwa kwe-elektroni; I-LanthanUm i-Nickel intsimbi yindawo entsha yokugcina i-hydrogen ye-hydrogen kwiminyaka yoo-1970; I-Lanthanum chromate yindawo eneqondo lobushushu le-thermoelectric; Okwangoku, amazwe kwihlabathi liphela ayenze zaphuhliswa ekuphuhlisweni kwezinto ezisisiseko ze-oxiels eziguqulwe yi-Barium Ytttrium Popper Copper, enokufumana ii-supercondours kuluhlu lobushushu beitrogen. Ukongeza, umhlaba onqabileyo usetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimithombo yokukhanya ukukhanya ngeendlela ezifana ne-fluorescent powder, i-scrioresced powder, kwaye ikhuphe imimandla ye-fluorescent, kwaye ikhuphe imimandla ye-Fluorescent, kunye neemveliso ze-elektroniki ezinjengeempawu ze-elektroniki ezifana ne-temications, kunye neetafile; Ezolimo, ukusebenzisa izixa zendlela enqabileyo yomhlaba onqabileyo ukuya kwizityalo zensimun zinokongeza isivuno sabo nge-5-10%; Kumzi-mveliso we-pile yokukhanya, umhlaba onqabileyo we-chlolor ukhululwe kakhulu xa ungcungcutheke, ukudaya ngoboya, ukuDibana ngoboya, kunye ne-chago yekhaphethi; Izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zinokusetyenziswa kuCocemotic of Peatalytic oguquguqukayo ukuze aguqule i-poltutars enkulu ibe yimingxunya enganetyhefu ngexesha lokupheliswa kwenjini.
Ezinye iinkqubo
Izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba ziyafakwa nakwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo zedijithali, kubandakanya nezixhobo zonxibelelwano, kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano, ezihlangabezana neemfuno ezininzi ezifana, zikhawulezayo, ixesha elide, kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla. Kwangelo xesha, ikwasetyenziswa nakwimimandla emininzi efana namandla aluhlaza, ukhathalelo lwempilo, ukucocwa kwamanzi, kunye nezothutho.
I-Post Time: Aug-16 ukuya ku-2023