Ngo-1788, uKarl Arrhenius, igosa laseSweden owayengumfunda-mateur owafunda i-chemistry kunye ne-mineralogy kunye nokuqokelela ores, wafumana amaminerali amnyama anembonakalo ye-asphalt namalahle kwidolophana yaseYtterby ngaphandle kweStockholm Bay, ebizwa ngokuba yiYtterbit ngokwegama lendawo.
Kwi-1794, i-chemist yaseFinland uJohn Gadolin wahlalutya le sampuli ye-Itebite.Kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukongeza kwi-oxides ye-beryllium, i-silicon, kunye nentsimbi, i-oxide equkethe i-38% yezinto ezingaziwayo ibizwa ngokuba "ngumhlaba omtsha".Ngowe-1797, usokhemisti waseSweden uAnders Gustaf Ekeberg wawungqina lo “mhlaba mtsha” waza wawuthiya ngokuba ngumhlaba oyi-yttrium (okuthetha ukuba yioxide yeyttrium).
Yttriumsisinyithi esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunye nolu setyenziso lulandelayo.
(1) Izongezo zentsimbi kunye ne-non-ferrous alloys.I-alloys ye-FeCr ngokuqhelekileyo iqulethe i-0.5% ukuya kwi-4% ye-yttrium, enokuphucula ukuxhathisa i-oxidation kunye ne-ductility yezi zinsimbi ezingenasici;Emva kokongeza inani elifanelekileyo le-yttrium etyebileyo kumxube womhlaba onqabileyo kwi-MB26 ingxubevange, ukusebenza ngokubanzi kwealloyi kuphuculwe kakhulu, okunokuthi kuthathe indawo yealloyi zamandla aphakathi ukuze zisetyenziswe kumacandelo athwele inqwelomoya;Ukongeza inani elincinci le-yttrium ecebileyo yomhlaba onqabileyo kwi-Al Zr alloy inokuphucula ukuqhutyelwa kwe-alloy;Le alloy yamkelwe ngobuninzi beefektri zocingo zasekhaya;Ukongeza i-yttrium kwii-alloys zethusi kuphucula i-conductivity kunye namandla omatshini.
(2) I-silicon nitride izinto ze-ceramic eziqulethe i-6% yttrium kunye ne-2% ye-aluminium ingasetyenziselwa ukuphuhlisa amacandelo e-injini.
(3) Sebenzisa i-400W neodymium yttrium aluminiyam garnet laser beam ukwenza inkqubo ngoomatshini njengokugrumba, ukusika, kunye nokuwelda kumacandelo amakhulu.
(4) Isikrini se-electron microscope fluorescent screen eyenziwe nge-Y-A1 garnet ye-crystal wafers enye inokukhanya okuphezulu kwe-fluorescence, ukufunxa okuphantsi kokukhanya okuthe saa, ukumelana kakuhle nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokunxitywa koomatshini.
(5) I-alloys yesakhiwo esiphezulu se-yttrium equkethe ukuya kwi-90% ye-yttrium ingasetyenziselwa ukuhamba ngeenqwelomoya kunye nezinye izicelo ezifuna ubuninzi obuphantsi kunye neqondo eliphezulu lokunyibilika.
(6) Okwangoku, i-yttrium doped SrZrO3 yobushushu obuphezulu beproton itsale ingqalelo enkulu, ebaluleke kakhulu ekuvelisweni kweeseli ze-fuel, i-electrolytic cell kunye ne-gas sensors ezifuna ukunyibilika kwe-hydrogen ephezulu.Ukongeza, i-yttrium ikwasetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokutshiza esimelana nobushushu obuphezulu, idiluent yamafutha ereactor yenyukliya, isongezo semagnethi esisigxina kunye ne-getter kushishino lombane.
Yttrium metal ineendlela ezininzi zokusetyenziswa, kunye ne-yttrium aluminium garnet esetyenziswa njengesixhobo se-laser, i-yttrium iron garnet esetyenziselwa iteknoloji ye-microwave kunye nokudluliselwa kwamandla omsindo, kunye ne-europium doped yttrium vanadate kunye ne-europium doped yttrium oxide esetyenziswa njenge-phosphors kumabonakude wombala.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-21-2023