CeO2ni ikintu cyingenzi cyibikoresho bidasanzwe byisi.Uwitekaisi idasanzwe ceriumifite imiterere yihariye ya elegitoroniki - 4f15d16s2.Umwihariko wacyo wa 4f urashobora kubika neza no kurekura electron, bigatuma ion cerium yitwara muri leta ya + 3 na leta ya + 4.Kubwibyo, ibikoresho bya CeO2 bifite umwobo mwinshi wa ogisijeni, kandi bifite ubushobozi buhebuje bwo kubika no kurekura ogisijeni.Guhinduranya kwa Ce (III) na Ce (IV) nabyo biha ibikoresho bya CeO2 hamwe nubushobozi budasanzwe bwa okiside-kugabanya catalitiki.Ugereranije n'ibikoresho byinshi, nano CeO2, nk'ubwoko bushya bw'ibikoresho bidakoreshwa, byitabiriwe n'abantu benshi bitewe n'ubuso bwacyo bwihariye, kubika ogisijeni nziza no kurekura, gutwara ogisijeni ion, gukora redox, hamwe n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwihuta bwa ogisijeni ikwirakwizwa. ubushobozi.Hano hari umubare munini wubushakashatsi bwakozwe hamwe nibisabwa bijyanye nano CeO2 nka catalizator, abatwara catalizator cyangwa inyongeramusaruro, ibice bikora, hamwe na adsorbents.
1. Uburyo bwo gutegura nanometerocerium oxyde
Kugeza ubu, uburyo rusange bwo gutegura nano ceria burimo uburyo bwa chimique nuburyo bwumubiri.Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwa chimique, uburyo bwa chimique burashobora kugabanywa muburyo bwimvura, uburyo bwa hydrothermal, uburyo bwa solvothermal, sol sol, uburyo bwa microemulsion nuburyo bwa electrodeposition;Uburyo bufatika nuburyo bwo gusya.
1.1 Uburyo bwo gusya
Uburyo bwo gusya bwo gutegura nano ceria muri rusange ikoresha gusya umucanga, ifite ibyiza byo kugiciro gito, kubungabunga ibidukikije, kwihuta gutunganya, hamwe nubushobozi bukomeye bwo gutunganya.Nubu nuburyo bwingenzi bwo gutunganya inganda za nano ceria.Kurugero, gutegura ifu ya nano cerium oxyde polishing ifata ifumbire mvaruganda yo kubara no gusya umucanga, kandi ibikoresho fatizo bya cerium ishingiye kuri catalizator nabyo bivangwa mbere yo kuvurwa cyangwa kuvurwa nyuma yo kubara hakoreshejwe gusya umucanga.Ukoresheje ibice bitandukanye byumucanga usya ibipimo byamasaro, nano ceria hamwe na D50 kuva kuri mirongo kugeza kuri magana nanometero irashobora kuboneka muguhindura.
1.2 Uburyo bw'imvura
Uburyo bw'imvura bivuga uburyo bwo gutegura ifu ikomeye ukoresheje imvura, gutandukana, gukaraba, kumisha, no kubara ibikoresho fatizo byashonga mumashanyarazi akwiye.Uburyo bw'imvura bukoreshwa cyane mugutegura isi idasanzwe hamwe na nanomateriali ya dope, hamwe nibyiza nkibikorwa byoroshye byo gutegura, gukora neza, hamwe nigiciro gito.Nuburyo bukunze gukoreshwa mugutegura nano ceria nibikoresho byayo byose muruganda.Ubu buryo bushobora gutegura nano ceria hamwe na morphologie nubunini butandukanye muguhindura ubushyuhe bwimvura, kwibanda kubintu, agaciro ka pH, umuvuduko wimvura, umuvuduko ukabije, inyandikorugero, nibindi. no gutegura microsperes ya nano ceria igenzurwa na citrate ion.Ubundi, cerium ion irashobora kugwa na OH - ikomoka kuri hydrolysis ya sodium citrate, hanyuma ikabikwa hanyuma ikabarwa kugirango itegure flake nka microsperes ya nano ceria.
1.3 Uburyo bwa hydrothermal na solvothermal
Ubu buryo bubiri bwerekeza ku buryo bwo gutegura ibicuruzwa ukoresheje ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe n’umuvuduko ukabije w’ubushyuhe bukabije muri sisitemu ifunze.Iyo reaction ya reaction ari amazi, byitwa hydrothermal method.Mu buryo nk'ubwo, iyo reaction solvent ari organic organic, byitwa solvothermal method.Sintezize ya nano ibice bifite ubuziranenge bwinshi, gutatanya neza hamwe nuduce tumwe, cyane cyane ifu ya nano ifite morphologie zitandukanye cyangwa igaragara mumaso idasanzwe ya kirisiti.Kuramo cerium chloride mumazi yatoboye, koga hanyuma wongeremo sodium hydroxide.Koresha hydrothermal kuri 170 ℃ mumasaha 12 kugirango utegure cerium oxyde nanorods hamwe nindege za kristu (111) na (110).Muguhindura imiterere yimyitwarire, igipimo cyindege (110) kristu yindege ya kirisiti yagaragaye irashobora kwiyongera, bikarushaho kongera ibikorwa bya catalitiki.Guhindura reaction ya solvent hamwe na ligande yo hejuru irashobora kandi kubyara nano ceria ibice bifite hydrophilicity idasanzwe cyangwa lipophilicity.Kurugero, kongeramo ion ya acetate mugice cyamazi birashobora gutegura monodisperse hydrophilic cerium oxide nanoparticles mumazi.Muguhitamo ibishishwa bidafite inkingi no kumenyekanisha aside oleic nka ligand mugihe cyo kubyitwaramo, monodisperse lipophilic ceria nanoparticles irashobora gutegurwa mumashanyarazi adafite polar.(Reba Ishusho 1)
Igishushanyo 1 Monodisperse spherical nano ceria na neria ceria imeze nkinkoni
1.4 Uburyo bwa sol gel
Uburyo bwa sol gel nuburyo bukoresha ibice bimwe cyangwa byinshi nkibibanziriza, bigakora reaction yimiti nka hydrolysis mugice cyamazi kugirango ibe sol, hanyuma ikora gel nyuma yo gusaza, amaherezo ikuma na calcine kugirango itegure ifu ya ultrafine.Ubu buryo burakwiriye cyane cyane mugutegura ibintu byinshi bikwirakwijwe cyane nano ceria igizwe na nanomateriali, nka cerium fer, cerium titanium, cerium zirconium nizindi oxyde nano oxyde, byagaragaye muri raporo nyinshi.
1.5 Ubundi buryo
Usibye uburyo bwavuzwe haruguru, hariho nuburyo bwo kwisiga mikoro, uburyo bwa synthesis ya microwave, uburyo bwa electrodeposition, uburyo bwo gutwika plasma flame, uburyo bwa ion-guhana membrane electrolysis hamwe nubundi buryo bwinshi.Ubu buryo bufite akamaro gakomeye mubushakashatsi no gukoresha nano ceria.
Gukoresha 2-nanometero cerium oxyde mugutunganya amazi
Cerium nikintu cyinshi mubintu bidasanzwe byisi, hamwe nibiciro biri hasi hamwe nibisabwa.Nanometero ceria hamwe nibiyigize byitabiriwe cyane mubijyanye no gutunganya amazi bitewe nubuso bwacyo bwihariye, ibikorwa bya catalitiki nini kandi bihamye neza.
2.1 Gushyira mu bikorwaNano Cerium Oxidemu Gutunganya Amazi hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa Adsorption
Mu myaka yashize, hamwe n’iterambere ry’inganda nk’inganda za elegitoroniki, hasohotse amazi menshi y’amazi arimo imyanda ihumanya nk’ibyuma biremereye ndetse na ioni ya fluor.Ndetse no mu kirere, birashobora kwangiza cyane ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi n’ibidukikije by’abantu.Uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa burimo okiside, flotation, revers osmose, adsorption, nanofiltration, biosorption, nibindi. Muri byo, tekinoroji ya adsorption ikoreshwa kenshi kubera imikorere yayo yoroshye, igiciro gito, hamwe nubuvuzi buhanitse.Ibikoresho bya Nano CeO2 bifite ubuso bwihariye kandi nibikorwa byo hejuru cyane nka adsorbents, kandi habaye raporo nyinshi kuri synthesis ya porous nano CeO2 hamwe nibikoresho byayo hamwe na morphologie zitandukanye kuri adsorb no gukuraho ion zangiza mumazi.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko nano ceria ifite imbaraga za adsorption kuri F - mumazi mugihe cya acide nkeya.Mu gisubizo gifite intangiriro ya F - ya 100mg / L na pH = 5-6, ubushobozi bwa adsorption kuri F - ni 23mg / g, naho igipimo cya F - ni 85,6%.Nyuma yo kuyipakira kumupira wa acide polyacrylic (amafaranga yo gupakira: 0,25g / g), ubushobozi bwo kuvanaho F - bushobora kugera kuri 99% mugihe uvura ingano ingana na 100mg / L ya F - igisubizo cyamazi;Iyo gutunganya inshuro 120 ingano, hejuru ya 90% ya F - irashobora gukurwaho.Iyo ikoreshwa kuri adsorb ya fosifate na iyode, ubushobozi bwa adsorption burashobora kugera kuri 100mg / g munsi yuburyo bwiza bwa adsorption.Ibikoresho byakoreshejwe birashobora kongera gukoreshwa nyuma yuburyo bworoshye bwa desorption no kutabogama, bifite inyungu nyinshi mubukungu.
Hariho ubushakashatsi bwinshi kuri adsorption no kuvura ibyuma biremereye bifite uburozi nka arsenic, chromium, kadmium, na gurş ukoresheje nano ceria nibikoresho byayo.Ibyiza bya adsorption pH biratandukanye kubyuma biremereye ion hamwe na leta zitandukanye.Kurugero, intege nke za alkaline hamwe no kubogama kubogamye bifite leta nziza ya adsorption kuri As (III), mugihe leta nziza ya adsorption ya As (V) igerwaho mugihe cya acide nkeya, aho ubushobozi bwa adsorption bushobora kugera kuri 110mg / g munsi yombi imiterere.Muri rusange, synthèse nziza ya nano ceria nibikoresho byayo byose birashobora kugera kuri adsorption yo hejuru no kuvanaho ibyuma bitandukanye byibyuma biremereye hejuru ya pH.
Ku rundi ruhande, cerium oxyde ishingiye kuri nanomaterial nayo ifite imikorere idasanzwe mu kwamamaza ibinyabuzima mu mazi y’amazi, nka acide orange, rhodamine B, Congo itukura, n'ibindi. ubushobozi bwa adsorption mugukuraho amarangi kama, cyane cyane mugukuraho umutuku wa congo, hamwe na adsorption ya 942.7mg / g muminota 60.
2.2 Gukoresha nano ceria murwego rwo hejuru rwa okiside
Uburyo bwiza bwa okiside (AOPs muri make) burasabwa kunoza sisitemu yo kuvura anhydrous ihari.Uburyo bwiza bwa okiside, buzwi kandi nka tekinoroji ya okiside yimbitse, burangwa no gukora hydroxyl radical (· OH), superoxide radical (· O2 -), ogisijeni imwe, nibindi bifite imbaraga za okiside.Mugihe cyimiterere yubushyuhe bwinshi nigitutu, amashanyarazi, amajwi, imirasire yumucyo, catalizator, nibindi. Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo kubyara radicals yubusa hamwe nuburyo bwo kubyitwaramo, birashobora kugabanywa mubice bya okiside ya fotokome, okiside ya catalitike, okiside ya sonochemie, ozone okiside, okiside yamashanyarazi, okiside ya Fenton, nibindi (reba Ishusho 2).
Igishushanyo 2 Gutondekanya hamwe nikoranabuhanga Gukomatanya murwego rwo hejuru rwa okiside
Nano ceriani catalogeneous catalizator ikoreshwa muburyo bugezweho bwa okiside.Bitewe nihinduka ryihuse hagati ya Ce3 + na Ce4 + ningaruka zihuse zo kugabanya okiside yazanwe no kwinjiza ogisijeni no kurekura, nano ceria ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwa catalitiki.Iyo ikoreshejwe nka catalizator iteza imbere, irashobora kandi kunoza neza ubushobozi bwa catalitiki no gutuza.Iyo nano ceria nibikoresho byayo byose bikoreshwa nka catalizator, imiterere ya catalitiki iratandukanye cyane na morphologie, ingano yingingo, hamwe nindege za kirisiti zerekanwe, ibyo bikaba aribintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumikorere no kubishyira mubikorwa.Mubisanzwe bizera ko utuntu duto duto nubunini bunini bwubuso bwihariye, urubuga rukora cyane, hamwe nubushobozi bwa catalitiki.Ubushobozi bwa catalitiki yubuso bwerekanwe bwa kirisiti, kuva bukomeye kugeza bugoyagoya, buri murutonde rwa (100) hejuru ya kirisiti> (110) hejuru ya kirisiti> (111) hejuru ya kirisiti, kandi ihame rihuye riratandukanye.
Cerium oxyde ni ibikoresho bya semiconductor.Iyo nanometero cerium oxyde irabagirana na fotone ifite ingufu zirenze icyuho cyumurongo, electroni ya valence irishima, kandi imyitwarire yinzibacyuho iba.Iyi myitwarire izamura igipimo cyo guhindura Ce3 + na Ce4 +, bikavamo ibikorwa bikomeye byo gufotora bya nano ceria.Isesengura rya Photocatalyse rishobora kugera ku kwangirika kw’ibinyabuzima kidafite umwanda wa kabiri, bityo ikoreshwa ryayo ni tekinoroji yize cyane mu bijyanye na nano ceria muri AOPs.Kugeza ubu, intego nyamukuru yibanze ku gutunganya catalitike yo kuvura amarangi ya azo, fenol, chlorobenzene, n’amazi yanduye ya farumasi ukoresheje catalizator hamwe na morphologie zitandukanye hamwe nibihimbano.Nk’uko raporo ibigaragaza, mu buryo bunoze bwo gukoresha uburyo bwa catalizike ya synthesis hamwe n’imiterere y’icyitegererezo cya catalitiki, ubushobozi bwo kwangirika kwibi bintu bushobora kugera kuri hejuru ya 80%, kandi ubushobozi bwo kuvanaho karubone yose (TOC) irashobora kugera kuri 40%.
Nano cerium oxyde catalizike yo kwangirika kwangiza imyanda nka ozone na hydrogen peroxide nubundi buhanga bwize cyane.Kimwe na Photocatalyse, yibanda kandi kubushobozi bwa nano ceria hamwe na morphologie zitandukanye cyangwa indege za kirisiti hamwe na cerium zitandukanye zishingiye kuri catalitike ya catalitike ya okiside no kwangiza imyanda ihumanya.Mubisubizo nkibi, catalizator irashobora guhagarika kubyara umubare munini wa radicals ikora kuva ozone cyangwa hydrogen peroxide, yibasira imyanda ihumanya kandi ikagera kubushobozi buke bwa okiside.Bitewe no kwinjiza okiside muri reaction, ubushobozi bwo kuvanaho ibinyabuzima byongerewe cyane.Mubisubizo byinshi, igipimo cya nyuma cyo gukuraho ibintu byateganijwe gishobora kugera cyangwa kwegera 100%, kandi igipimo cyo gukuraho TOC nacyo kiri hejuru.
Muburyo bwa electrocatalytic yateye imbere ya okiside, imiterere yibikoresho bya anode hamwe nubwihindurize bukabije bwa ogisijeni byerekana ubushobozi bwo guhitamo uburyo bwa electrocatalytic bwambere bwa okiside yo kuvura umwanda.Ibikoresho bya cathode ni ikintu cyingenzi kigena umusaruro wa H2O2, kandi umusaruro wa H2O2 ugena imikorere yuburyo bwa electrocatalytic yateye imbere yo kuvura umwanda.Ubushakashatsi bwo guhindura ibikoresho bya electrode ukoresheje nano ceria byitabiriwe cyane haba mugihugu ndetse no mumahanga.Abashakashatsi bamenyekanisha cyane cyane nano cerium oxyde hamwe nibikoresho byayo ikoresheje uburyo butandukanye bwa shimi kugirango bahindure ibikoresho bitandukanye bya electrode, batezimbere ibikorwa byabo byamashanyarazi, bityo bongere ibikorwa bya electrocatalytic nigipimo cyo gukuraho burundu.
Microwave na ultrasound akenshi ningamba zingirakamaro zifasha kubintu byavuzwe haruguru.Dufashe ubufasha bwa ultrasonic nkurugero, ukoresheje vibrasiya yijwi ryumuvuduko hamwe numurongo urenga 25kHz kumasegonda, amamiriyoni mato mato mato cyane atangwa mugisubizo cyateguwe numukozi wogusukura wabugenewe.Utubuto duto, mugihe cyo kwihuta no kwaguka, guhora bitanga ibibyimba byinshi, bigatuma ibikoresho bihanahana byihuse kandi bigakwirakwira hejuru ya catalizator, akenshi bikazamura imikorere ya catalitiki.
3 Umwanzuro
Nano ceria nibikoresho byayo byose birashobora kuvura neza ion hamwe n’imyanda ihumanya mu mazi, kandi bifite imbaraga zingenzi zo gukoresha mumirima itunganya amazi.Nyamara, ubushakashatsi bwinshi buracyari murwego rwa laboratoire, kandi kugirango tugere ku buryo bwihuse mu gutunganya amazi mu gihe kiri imbere, ibibazo bikurikira biracyakenewe gukemurwa byihutirwa:
(1) Igiciro cyo hejuru cyo gutegura igiciro cya nanoCeO2ibikoresho bishingiye bikomeje kuba ikintu cyingenzi mubenshi mubisabwa mu gutunganya amazi, bikiri mu bushakashatsi bwa laboratoire.Gutohoza uburyo buhendutse, bworoshye kandi bunoze bwo gutegura bushobora kugenga morphologie nubunini bwibikoresho bishingiye kuri nano CeO2 biracyibandwaho mubushakashatsi.
.Ibigize hamwe nibikoresho bya resin cyangwa ibikoresho bya magnetique bizaba icyerekezo cyingenzi cyubushakashatsi mugutegura ibikoresho no gukoresha tekinoroji.
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.Uburyo nyabwo bwo gutunganya imyanda akenshi burimo kubana kwanduye kwinshi, kandi umwanda ubana hamwe uzahuza nundi, bityo uhindure ibiranga ubuso hamwe nuburozi bushobora kuba bwa nanomaterial.Kubwibyo, harakenewe byihutirwa gukora ubushakashatsi bwinshi kubijyanye nabyo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-22-2023