Kugwiritsa ntchito kwadziko losowamu kuponyera zotayidwa aloyi inachitika kale kunja.Ngakhale China idayamba kufufuza ndikugwiritsa ntchito gawoli m'zaka za m'ma 1960, idakula mwachangu.Ntchito yochuluka yachitika kuchokera ku kafukufuku wamakina kupita ku ntchito zothandiza, ndipo zina zapindula zapangidwa.Ndi kuwonjezera kwa zinthu zosawerengeka zapadziko lapansi, zida zamakina, zida zoponyera ndi magetsi azitsulo za aluminiyamu zasinthidwa kwambiri. zida zatsopano, zowoneka bwino, zamagetsi ndi maginito za zinthu zosawerengeka zapadziko lapansi zimagwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga zida zamphamvu zamaginito zapadziko lapansi, zosowa zapadziko lapansi zotulutsa kuwala, zosungirako za hydrogen, etc.
◆ ◆ Njira yogwirira ntchito ya dziko losowa kwambiri mu aluminiyamu ndi aluminiyumu alloy ◆ ◆
Dziko lapansi losawerengeka limakhala ndi zochita zambiri zamakhemikolo, kuthekera kocheperako komanso makonzedwe apadera a ma elekitironi, ndipo amatha kulumikizana ndi pafupifupi zinthu zonse.lanthanum), Ce (cerium), Y (yttriumndi Sc (scandium).Nthawi zambiri amawonjezeredwa mumadzimadzi a aluminiyamu okhala ndi zosintha, ma nucleating agents ndi degassing agents, omwe amatha kuyeretsa kusungunuka, kukonza kapangidwe kake, kuyenga mbewu, ndi zina zambiri.
01Kuyeretsedwa kwa dziko losowa
Monga kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi oxide inclusions (makamaka haidrojeni, mpweya ndi nayitrogeni) adzabweretsedwa pa kusungunuka ndi kuponyera aloyi zotayidwa, pinholes, ming'alu, inclusions ndi zina zolakwika zidzachitika poponya (onani Chithunzi 1a), kuchepetsa mphamvu ya aluminium alloy.The kuyeretsedwa kwa osowa dziko lapansi makamaka akuwonetseredwa mu kuchepetsa zoonekeratu za hydrogen zili mu chitsulo chosungunula zotayidwa, kuchepetsa pinhole mlingo ndi porosity (onani Chithunzi 1b), ndi kuchepetsa inclusions ndi zinthu zoipa. Chifukwa chake n'chakuti dziko lapansi losowa lili ndi chiyanjano chachikulu ndi haidrojeni, yomwe imatha kuyamwa ndikusungunula haidrojeni mochuluka ndikupanga zinthu zokhazikika popanda kupanga thovu, motero kuchepetsa kwambiri haidrojeni ndi porosity ya aluminiyamu; makamaka amachotsedwa mu mawonekedwe a slag mu smelting ndondomeko, kuti akwaniritse cholinga kuyeretsa zotayidwa madzi.
Zochita zatsimikizira kuti dziko losowa lili ndi zotsatira zochepetsera zomwe zili mu haidrojeni, okosijeni ndi sulfure mu aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zotayidwa.Kuonjezera 0.1% ~ 0.3% RE mumadzimadzi a aluminiyamu kumathandiza kuchotsa bwino zonyansa, kuyeretsa zonyansa kapena kusintha maonekedwe awo, kuti athe kuyeretsa ndi kugawa mbewu mofanana; RES, REAs, ndi REPb, zomwe zimadziwika ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri, kachulukidwe kochepa, ndi mankhwala okhazikika, ndipo amatha kuyandama kuti apange slag ndi kuchotsedwa, motero amayeretsa madzi a aluminiyumu; mbewu.
Chithunzi cha 1 SEM Morphology ya 7075 Aloyi yopanda RE ndi w (RE)=0.3%
a.RE sichiwonjezedwa;b.Onjezani w (RE)=0.3%
02Metamorphism ya dziko losowa
Kusintha kwapadziko lapansi kosowa kumawonekera makamaka pakuyenga mbewu ndi ma dendrites, kuletsa mawonekedwe a coarse lamellar T2 gawo, ndikuchotsa gawo lalikulu lomwe limagawidwa mu gawo loyambira la kristalo ndikupanga gawo lozungulira, kotero kuti mizere ndi zidutswa zomwe zili pamalire ambewu zimachepetsedwa kwambiri. (onani Chithunzi 2) .Nthawi zambiri, utali wa atomu wapadziko lapansi wosowa kwambiri ndi wokulirapo kuposa wa atomu ya aluminiyamu, ndipo zinthu zake zimakhala zogwira ntchito.Kusungunuka mumadzimadzi a aluminiyumu ndikosavuta kudzaza zolakwika zamtundu wa aloyi, zomwe zimachepetsa kusamvana kwapakati pa mawonekedwe pakati pa magawo atsopano ndi akale, komanso kumapangitsanso kukula kwa kristalo phata; filimu yogwira ntchito pakati pa njere ndi madzi osungunuka kuti ateteze kukula kwa mbewu zomwe zimapangidwira ndikuyeretsa mawonekedwe a alloy (onani Chithunzi 2b).
Chithunzi cha 2 Microstructure of Alloys ndi Different RE Addition
a.Mlingo wa RE ndi 0;b.RE kuwonjezera ndi 0.3%;c.Zowonjezera RE ndi 0.7%
Pambuyo powonjezera zinthu zosowa zapadziko lapansi Mbewu za (Al) gawo zinayamba kukhala zazing'ono, zomwe zidathandiza pakuyenga njereα(Al) kusandulika kukhala duwa laling'ono kapena ndodo, pomwe zomwe zili mu nthaka yosowa ndi 0.3%αKukula kwa mbewu za (Al) ) gawo ndi laling'ono kwambiri, ndipo pang'onopang'ono limawonjezeka ndi kuwonjezereka kwina kwa zinthu zachilendo zapadziko lapansi. Dziko lapansi losowa lidzakhala ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri mu metamorphism.Kuonjezera apo, chiwerengero cha crystal nuclei ya mankhwala opangidwa ndi aluminiyamu ndi dziko losowa kwambiri limakula kwambiri pamene chitsulo chimanyezimira, chomwe chimapangitsanso kuti mapangidwe a alloy ayeretsedwe. kusintha mphamvu pa aluminiyumu aloyi.
03 Microalloying zotsatira za osowa lapansi
Dziko losowa kwambiri limapezeka mu aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zotayidwa m'mitundu itatu: njira yolimba mu matrixα (Al); Kugawanika kumalire a gawo, malire a tirigu ndi malire a dendrite; Njira yolimba mkati kapena mu mawonekedwe a pawiri. zitsulo za aluminiyamu makamaka zimaphatikizapo kulimbikitsa kukonzanso kwambewu, kulimbikitsa njira zotsirizira ndi gawo lachiwiri kulimbikitsa zosakaniza zapadziko lapansi.
Maonekedwe a dziko lapansi osowa mu aluminiyamu ndi aloyi ya aluminiyamu amagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwake.Nthawi zambiri, zinthu za RE zikakhala zosakwana 0.1%, ntchito ya RE imakhala yolimbikitsa kwambiri mbewu komanso kulimbikitsa njira zotha; RE zomwe zili 0.25% ~ 0.30%, RE ndi Al zimapanga ndodo yambiri yozungulira kapena yaifupi ngati ma intermetallic compounds. , zomwe zimagawidwa m'malire a tirigu kapena tirigu, ndipo chiwerengero chachikulu cha zowonongeka, zowonongeka bwino za tirigu spheroidized ndi omwazika osowa padziko lapansi mankhwala amaoneka, amene adzatulutsa micro alloying zotsatira monga gawo lachiwiri kulimbikitsa.
◆ ◆ Zotsatira za dziko losowa pa katundu wa aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zotayidwa ◆◆
01 Mphamvu ya dziko osowa pa mabuku mawotchi katundu aloyi
The mphamvu, kuuma, elongation, kuthyoka kulimba, kuvala kukana ndi zina mabuku mawotchi katundu aloyi akhoza bwino powonjezera oyenerera lapansi osowa lapansi.0.3% RE ndi anawonjezera kuponya zotayidwa ZL10 mndandanda alloyσbkuchokera 205.9 MPa mpaka 274 MPa, ndi HB kuchokera 80 mpaka 108; Kuwonjezera 0.42% Sc mpaka 7005 alloyσbchawonjezeka kuchoka pa 314MPa kufika ku 414MPa, p0.2chinawonjezeka kuchokera ku 282MPa kufika ku 378MPa, pulasitiki inakula kuchoka pa 6.8% kufika pa 10.1%, ndipo kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwakukulu kunawonjezeka kwambiri; La ndi Ce akhoza kusintha kwambiri superplasticity ya alloy.Kuwonjezera 0.14% ~ 0.64% La kuti Al-6Mg-0.5Mn aloyi kumawonjezera superplasticity kuchokera 430% mpaka 800% ~ 1000%; Kafukufuku mwadongosolo Al Si aloyi akusonyeza kuti zokolola mphamvu ndi mtheradi mphamvu kolimba aloyi kungakhale kwambiri. bwino powonjezera kuchuluka koyenera kwa Sc.Fig.3 ikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a SEM a kupasuka kwamphamvu kwa Al-Si7-Mg0.8aloyi, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti ndi mmene Chimaonekera cleavage fracture popanda RE, pamene pambuyo 0,3% RE anawonjezedwa, zoonekeratu dimple kamangidwe kamapezeka fracture, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti ali ndi kulimba bwino ndi ductility.
Chithunzi cha 3 Tensile Fracture Morphology
a.Osalumikizana ndi RE;b.Onjezani 0.3% RE
02Zotsatira za Rare Earth Pakutentha Kwambiri Katundu wa Alloys
Kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwadziko losowamu zotayidwa aloyi akhoza bwino kusintha mkulu-kutentha makutidwe ndi okosijeni kukana zotayidwa aloyi.Kuwonjezera 1% ~ 1.5% osakaniza osowa dziko lapansi ndi kuponyedwa Al Si eutectic aloyi kumawonjezera kutentha mphamvu ndi 33%, mkulu kutentha kuphulika mphamvu (300 ℃, Maola a 1000) ndi 44%, ndipo kukana kuvala ndi kukhazikika kwa kutentha kumakhala bwino kwambiri; Kuwonjezera La, Ce, Y ndi mischmetal kuti apange ma alloys a Al Cu amatha kusintha kutentha kwa ma aloyi; The Al-8.4% yolimba kwambiri Fe-3.4% Ce alloy amatha kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali pansi pa 400 ℃, kuwongolera kwambiri kutentha kwa aluminium alloy; Sc ndikuwonjezedwa ku Al Mg Si aloyi kuti apange Al3Sc particles kuti n'kosavuta coarsen pa kutentha ndi kugwirizana ndi masanjidwewo kuti pini malire tirigu, kuti aloyi amakhalabe unrecrystallized dongosolo pa annealing, ndipo kwambiri bwino mkulu-kutentha zimatha aloyi.
03 Zotsatira za Rare Earth pa Optical Properties of Alloys
Kuonjezera dziko losowa mu zitsulo zotayidwa aloyi akhoza kusintha mawonekedwe ake pamwamba oxide okusayidi filimu, kupanga pamwamba kuwala kwambiri ndi kukongola.Pamene 0.12% ~ 0.25% RE ndi anawonjezera aloyi zotayidwa, reflectivity wa oxidized ndi akuda mbiri 6063 ndi mpaka 92%; Pamene 0.1% ~ 0.3% RE iwonjezeredwa ku Al Mg cast aluminiyamu alloy, alloy amatha kupeza mapeto abwino kwambiri komanso kukhazikika kwa gloss.
04 Zotsatira za Rare Earth pa Zamagetsi Zamagetsi za Alloys
Kuwonjezera RE ku aluminiyamu yoyera kwambiri ndi yovulaza ku conductivity ya aloyi, koma ma conductivity akhoza kusintha mpaka pamlingo wina powonjezera RE yoyenera ku mafakitale oyera aluminium ndi Al Mg Si conductive alloys.Zotsatira zoyesera zimasonyeza kuti conductivity ya aluminiyamu zitha kusinthidwa ndi 2% ~ 3% powonjezera 0.2% RE.Kuwonjezera pang'ono yttrium olemera a rare lapansi mu Al Zr alloy kumatha kupititsa patsogolo ma conductivity a aloyi, omwe atengedwa ndi mafakitale ambiri apanyumba; ku aluminiyumu yoyera kwambiri kuti apange Al RE zojambulazo capacitor.Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito muzinthu za 25kV, chiwerengero cha capacitance chikuwonjezeka kawiri, mphamvu pa voliyumu ya unit ikuwonjezeka ndi nthawi 5, kulemera kumachepetsedwa ndi 47%, ndipo mphamvu ya capacitor imachepetsedwa kwambiri.
05Zotsatira za Rare Earth pa Corrosion Resistance of Alloy
M'malo ena ogwira ntchito, makamaka pamaso pa ayoni a chloride, ma aloyi amatha kuwonongeka, kuwonongeka kwa ming'alu, kupsinjika kwamphamvu komanso kutopa kwa dzimbiri.Zapezeka kuti kuwonjezera kuchuluka koyenera kwa nthaka yosowa ku ma aluminiyamu aloyi kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kukana kwawo kwa dzimbiri. Zitsanzo zopangidwa powonjezera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthaka yosakanikirana (0.1% ~ 0.5%) ku aluminiyamu idaviikidwa mu brine ndi madzi a m'nyanja ochita kupanga katatu motsatizana. zaka.Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti kuwonjezera pang'ono za nthaka yosowa ku aluminiyamu kumatha kukulitsa kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa aluminiyamu, ndipo kukana kwa dzimbiri mumadzi am'madzi am'madzi ndi am'nyanja ochita kupanga ndi 24% ndi 32% kuposa a aluminiyamu, motsatana; Kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya nthunzi yamankhwala ndikuwonjezera osowa lapansi Mipikisano chigawo olowera (La, Ce, etc.), wosanjikiza wa osowa dziko kutembenuka filimu akhoza kupangidwa padziko 2024 aloyi, kupanga pamwamba ma elekitirodi kuthekera zotayidwa aloyi kukhala yunifolomu, ndi kuwongolera kukana intergranular dzimbiri ndi nkhawa dzimbiri; Kuwonjezera La kuti mkulu Mg zotayidwa aloyi akhoza kwambiri kusintha odana nyanja dzimbiri luso aloyi; Kuwonjezera 1.5% ~ 2.5% Nd kuti zotayidwa kaloti zotayidwa kungathandize kwambiri kutentha ntchito, zolimba mpweya ndi dzimbiri kukana dzimbiri. ma alloys, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zida zammlengalenga.
◆ ◆ Kukonzekera luso la osowa dziko lapansi aluminiyamu aloyi ◆ ◆
Dziko lapansi losowa limawonjezedwa kwambiri mu mawonekedwe a zinthu zotsatizana ndi ma aluminiyamu aloyi ndi ma aloyi ena.Dziko losowa kwambiri limakhala ndi zochita zambiri zamakhemikolo, malo osungunuka kwambiri, ndipo ndi losavuta kutulutsa okosijeni ndikuwotchedwa pakatentha kwambiri.Izi zadzetsa zovuta zina pokonzekera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito aloyi osowa dziko lapansi.Mu kafukufuku woyesera kwa nthawi yayitali, anthu akupitiriza kufufuza njira zokonzekera zazitsulo za aluminiyamu zapadziko lapansi. ndi njira yosakaniza, njira yosungunuka yamchere ya electrolysis ndi njira yochepetsera ya aluminothermic.
01 Kusakaniza njira
Njira yosakanikirana yosungunuka ndikuwonjezera nthaka yosowa kapena chitsulo chosowa chapadziko lapansi mumadzi otentha kwambiri a aluminiyamu molingana kuti apange aloyi kapena aloyi yogwiritsira ntchito, ndiyeno kusungunula aloyiyo ndi aluminiyumu yotsalayo molingana ndi gawo lowerengeka pamodzi, kugwedeza kwathunthu ndikuyenga. .
02 Electrolysis
The wosungunuka mchere electrolysis njira ndi kuwonjezera osowa nthaka okusayidi kapena osowa nthaka mchere mu mafakitale zotayidwa electrolytic selo ndi electrolyze ndi okusayidi zotayidwa kupanga osowa dziko lapansi zotayidwa aloyi aloyi.Kusungunula mchere electrolysis njira yayamba ndi mofulumira ku China.Nthawi zambiri, pali njira ziwiri, zomwe ndi njira yamadzimadzi cathode ndi electrolytic eutectoid njira.Pakalipano, zapangidwa kuti mankhwala osowa padziko lapansi akhoza kuwonjezeredwa mwachindunji ku maselo a aluminiyamu a electrolytic a mafakitale, ndipo ma aloyi amtundu wa aluminiyamu osowa padziko lapansi amatha kupangidwa ndi electrolysis ya kloride imasungunuka ndi njira ya eutectoid.
03 Aluminothermic kuchepetsa njira
Chifukwa aluminium ali ndi mphamvu yochepetsera mphamvu, ndipo aluminiyumu imatha kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya intermetallic ndi nthaka yosowa, aluminiyumu ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chochepetsera kukonzekera ma alloys amtundu wa aluminiyamu osowa padziko lapansi.
RE2O3+ 6Al→ 2zenizeni2+ Al2O3
Pakati pawo, osowa dziko okusayidi kapena osowa dziko lapansi olemera slag angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati osowa nthaka zopangira; The kuchepetsa wothandizila akhoza kukhala mafakitale koyera zotayidwa kapena pakachitsulo zotayidwa; The kuchepetsa kutentha ndi 1400 ℃ ~ 1600 ℃. Kumayambiriro, izo ananyamulidwa kuchokera pansi pa chikhalidwe cha kukhalapo kwa chotenthetsera ndi kutentha, ndi kuchepetsa kutentha kwakukulu kungayambitse mavuto ambiri; M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ofufuza apanga njira yatsopano yochepetsera aluminothermic.Pa kutentha kochepa (780 ℃), kutsika kwa aluminothermic kumatsirizidwa mu dongosolo la sodium fluoride ndi sodium chloride, zomwe zimapewa mavuto omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu.
◆ ◆ Ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito aloyi a aluminiyamu osowa padziko lapansi ◆ ◆
01 Kugwiritsa ntchito aloyi amtundu wa aluminiyamu wamba mumakampani amagetsi
Chifukwa cha ubwino wa conductivity yabwino, mphamvu yaikulu yonyamula panopa, mphamvu zambiri, kukana kuvala, kukonza kosavuta ndi moyo wautali wautumiki, aloyi a aluminiyamu amtundu wamtundu wamtundu wa alloy angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zingwe, mizere yotumizira pamwamba, zingwe zamawaya, mawaya otsetsereka ndi mawaya opyapyala. zolinga zapadera.Kuwonjezera pang'ono RE mu dongosolo la Al Si alloy kungathe kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe kake, chifukwa chakuti silicon muzitsulo za aluminiyamu ndi chinthu chonyansa chokhala ndi zinthu zambiri, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri magetsi.Kuonjezera chiwerengero choyenera cha dziko losowa kungathandize kusintha kapangidwe kamene kaliko ndi kagayidwe ka silicon mu aloyi, yomwe ingathe kusintha mphamvu zamagetsi za aluminiyamu; Kuwonjezera pang'ono yttrium kapena yttrium wolemera wosakanikirana wachilendo padziko lapansi mu waya wosagwira kutentha kwa aluminiyamu. sangangokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri komanso kuwongolera madulidwe; Dziko losawerengeka limatha kuwongolera mphamvu zamakokedwe, kukana kutentha ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa dongosolo la aluminium alloy.Zingwe ndi ma kondakitala opangidwa ndi aloyi ya aluminiyamu osowa padziko lapansi amatha kuwonjezera kutalika kwa nsanja ya chingwe ndikukulitsa moyo wautumiki wa zingwe.
02Kugwiritsa ntchito aloyi wa aluminiyamu osowa padziko lapansi pantchito yomanga
Aluminiyamu 6063 aloyi ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito yomanga.Kuwonjezera 0.15% ~ 0.25% osowa dziko akhoza kwambiri kusintha monga kuponyedwa kapangidwe ndi processing dongosolo, ndipo akhoza kusintha extrusion ntchito, zotsatira kutentha mankhwala, makina katundu, kukana dzimbiri, ntchito mankhwala pamwamba ndi mtundu tone. makamaka kufalitsidwa mu 6063 zotayidwa aloyi aloyi-Al neutralizes gawo malire, malire tirigu ndi interdendritic, ndipo kusungunuka mu mankhwala kapena kukhalapo mu mawonekedwe a mankhwala kuyenga dongosolo dendrite ndi mbewu, kotero kuti kukula kwa undissolved eutectic ndi kukula. a dimple m'dera dimple amakhala ang'onoang'ono kwambiri, kugawa ndi yunifolomu, ndipo kachulukidwe kumawonjezeka, kotero kuti katundu osiyanasiyana aloyi ndi bwino ku madigiri osiyanasiyana.Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu ya mbiriyo imachulukitsidwa ndi 20%, elongation imachulukitsidwa ndi 50%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa dzimbiri kumachepetsedwa kawiri, makulidwe a filimu ya oxide amawonjezeka ndi 5% ~ 8%, ndipo malo opaka utoto amawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi 3%.Choncho, mbiri yomanga alloy RE-6063 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
03Kugwiritsa ntchito aloyi wosowa padziko lapansi wa aluminiyamu pazinthu zatsiku ndi tsiku
Kuwonjeza dziko lapansi losowa ku aluminiyamu yoyera ndi ma Al MG mndandanda wa aluminiyamu kuti mugwiritse ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku zinthu za aluminiyamu zimatha kusintha kwambiri makina, zojambula zakuya komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri. Zothandizira mipando ya aluminiyamu, njinga za aluminiyamu, ndi zida zapanyumba zopangidwa ndi Al MG RE aloyi zili ndi mphamvu zochulukirapo kuwirikiza kawiri kukana dzimbiri, 10% ~ 15% kuchepetsa kulemera, 10% ~ 20% zokolola, 10% ~ 15% kuchepetsa mtengo wopanga, ndi kujambula kozama kwambiri ndi ntchito yozama kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zinthu za aluminiyamu za alloy popanda osowa earth.At panopa, zosowa za tsiku ndi tsiku za aloyi zamtundu wa aluminiyamu zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo zogulitsazo zawonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo zimagulitsidwa bwino m'misika yapakhomo ndi yakunja. .
04 Kugwiritsa ntchito aloyi ya aluminiyamu yamtundu wina pazinthu zina
Kuonjezera masauzande angapo a dziko losowa mu mndandanda wa Al Si womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kungathe kupititsa patsogolo makina a alloy.Mitundu yambiri yazinthu zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu ndege, zombo, magalimoto, injini za dizilo, njinga zamoto ndi magalimoto onyamula zida (pistoni, gearbox, silinda, zida ndi mbali zina) . kukhathamiritsa kapangidwe ndi katundu wa zotayidwa aloyi.Ili ndi kulimbitsa kwambiri kubalalitsidwa, kulimbitsa kwambewu, kulimbitsa yankho ndi kulimbitsa ma microalloy pa aluminiyamu, ndipo imatha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu, kuuma, kulimba, kulimba, kukana dzimbiri, kukana kutentha, ndi zina zambiri za alloys.Sc Al alloys akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mafakitale apamwamba monga zakuthambo, zombo, masitima othamanga kwambiri, magalimoto opepuka, etc.C557Al Mg Zr Sc mndandanda wa scandium aluminium alloy opangidwa ndi NASA ali ndi mphamvu zapamwamba komanso kutentha kwambiri komanso kukhazikika kwa kutentha kochepa ndipo wagwiritsidwa ntchito ku fuselage ya ndege ndi ndege. mbali zomangika; Aloyi ya 0146Al Cu Li Sc yopangidwa ndi Russia yagwiritsidwa ntchito ku tanki yamafuta ya cryogenic ya spacecraft.
Kuchokera ku Volume 33, Nkhani 1 ya Rare Earth yolembedwa ndi Wang Hui, Yang An ndi Yun Qi
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-05-2023