I-CEO2kuyingxenye ebalulekile yezinto zokwakha ezingavamile. Le khasiinto yomhlaba engavamile umrintshiinesakhiwo se-elekthronikhi esingaphandle esiyingqayizivele - 4F15D16S2. Usendlalelo wayo okhethekile we-4F angagcina ngempumelelo futhi akhiphe ama-elektroni, okwenza ama-cellium ion aphatha ngo-3 uValence State kanye + noValence State. Ngakho-ke, izinsiza ze-CEO2 zinezimbobo eziningi ze-oksijini, futhi zinekhono elihle lokugcina nokukhipha umoya-mpilo. Ukuguqulwa kwe-Mutual of CE (III) ne-CE (iv) futhi kunikeze ama-CEO we-CEO ane-oxidation-redtic amakhono. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto zokwenziwa ngobuningi, i-NANO CEO2, njengohlobo olusha lwezinto ezibonakalayo, ithole ukunakwa okubanzi ngenxa yendawo yayo ephezulu yendawo, ukugcinwa kwe-oksijini, ukusebenza kabusha kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu, kanye nokushisa okushisa kwe-opygen Njengamanje kunenombolo enkulu yemibiko yocwaningo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlobene zisebenzisa i-NANO CEO2 njengama-catalysts, abathwali be-catalyst noma izithasiselo, izingxenye ezisebenzayo, kanye nama-adtorbents.
1. Ukulungiselela indlela ye-nanometerI-Cerrium Oxide
Njengamanje, izindlela ezivamile zokulungiselela zeNano Ceriaria ikakhulukazi zifaka indlela yamakhemikhali nendlela yomzimba. Ngokwezindlela ezahlukahlukene zamakhemikhali, izindlela zamakhemikhali zingahlukaniswa ngendlela yezulu, indlela ye-hydrothermal, indlela ye-solvothermal, indlela ye-sol gel, indlela ye-microusision kanye nendlela ye-electrodeposition; Indlela yenyama ikakhulukazi indlela yokugaya.
1.1 Indlela yokugaya
Indlela yokugaya yokulungiselela i-nano ceria ngokuvamile isebenzisa ukugaya kwesihlabathi, okunezinzuzo zezindleko eziphansi, ubungane bezemvelo, ijubane lokucubungula ngokushesha, nekhono elinamandla lokucubungula, nekhono lokucubungula eliqinile. Okwamanje kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokucubungula embonini yaseNano Ceria. Isibonelo, ukulungiswa kwe-nano certium oxium polishing polylishing powder ngokuvamile ukwamukela ukuhlanganiswa nokugaya kwesihlabathi, futhi izinto ezingavuthiwe ze-cortium distenient ama-catalysts nazo zihlanganiswa nokwelashwa kwangaphambi noma ukuphathwa ngemuva kwe-carving usebenzisa ukugaya kwesihlabathi. Ngokusebenzisa usayizi ohlukile wezinhlayiyana usayizi wokugaya izilinganiso ze-bead ratios, i-nano ceria ene-D50 esukela emashumiyaya kumakhulu ama-nanometers angatholakala ngokulungiswa.
1.2 Indlela Yezokuvakasha
Indlela yemvula isho indlela yokulungiselela i-powder eqinile ngokuhlukana, ukwahlukana, ukugeza, ukomisa, nokuzondla kwezinto zokwakha ezincibilikisiwe kuma-solvents afanele. Indlela yemvula isetshenziswa kabanzi lapho kulungiswa umhlaba ongavamile futhi idonswe ama-nanomatadium, nezinzuzo ezifana nenqubo elula yokulungiselela, ukusebenza kahle okuphansi, kanye nezindleko eziphansi. Kuyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu yokulungiselela i-nano ceria nezinto zayo ezihlanganisiwe embonini. Le ndlela ingalungiselela i-nano ceria ene-morphology ehlukene nge-morphology eguqukayo ngokushintsha izinga lokushisa kwezulu, ukugxila kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ijubane lemvula, ijubane lemvula, ijubane le-nano ceriari microsheres lilawulwa yiCitorte Ions. Ngenye indlela, ama-centium ion angahle anqotshwe ngu-Oh - akhiqizwa kusuka ku-hydrolysis ye-sodium citrate, bese efakwa afakwe futhi ahlolwe ukulungiselela ama-flake afana nama-nano ceriari microspherees.
1.3 Hydrothermal kanye nezindlela zeSolvothermal
Lezi zindlela ezimbili zibhekisela endleleni yokulungiselela imikhiqizo ngokushisa okuphezulu nokucindezela okukhulu ekushiseni okubucayi ohlelweni oluvaliwe. Lapho ukusabela kwe-solvent kungamanzi, ibizwa ngokuthi yi-hydrothermal indlela. Ngokulandelana, lapho i-solvent yokusabela iyi-solvent ye-organic, ibizwa ngokuthi yi-solvuthermal indlela. Izinhlayiya ze-NANNO ze-Synthesised zinobumsulwa obuphezulu, ukusakazeka okuhle nezinhlayiyana ezifanayo, ikakhulukazi ama-nano powders ane-morphologies ehlukene noma ubuso be-crystal ekhethekile. Qhafaza i-cerium chloride emanzini ancishisiwe, avuse futhi angeze isixazululo se-sodium hydroxide. I-Hydrothermal ngo-170 ℃ amahora angu-12 ukulungiselela ama-nanorods we-certium oxide anezinsolo eziveziwe (111) kanye (110) kanye (110). Ngokushintsha izimo zokuphendula, ingxenye ye-Crystal Planes (110) yama-crystal ezithombeni zekristalu eziveziwe ingandiswa, iphinde ithuthukise umsebenzi wazo we-catalytic. Ukulungisa i-solvent yokusabela futhi ama-ligands angaphezulu komhlaba nawo angakhiqiza izinhlayiya ze-nano ceria nge-hydrophility ekhethekile noma i-lipophilicity. Isibonelo, engeza i-acetate ion kwisigaba samanzi angalungiselela ama-nomoparticles we-monodisper hydrophilic oxide ama-nanoparticles emanzini. Ngokukhetha i-solvent engeyona eye-polar futhi wethula i-oleic acid njenge-ligand ngesikhathi sokuphendula, ama-monodisperserver lipophilic cerea nanoparticles angalungiswa kuma-solvents angewona ama-organic. (Bheka umfanekiso 1)
Umdwebo ongu-1 Monodisperser Nano ceria ne-rod-shape nearia ceria
1.4 Indlela ye-SOL GEL
Indlela ye-SOL GEL yindlela esebenzisa ezinye noma amakhompiyutha amaningana njengabedlule, iqhuba ukusabela kwamakhemikhali njenge-hydrolysis esigabeni se-sol, bese ekugcineni amafomu ngemuva kokuguga, bese ekugcineni amafomu kanye nama-calcen ukulungiselela ama-powders e-ultrafine. Le ndlela ilungele ikakhulukazi ukulungiselela i-Nanomatale ye-Nanomatale eyakhiwe kakhulu ye-Nano
1.5 Ezinye izindlela
Ngokungeziwe ezindleleni ezingenhla, kukhona nendlela ye-motion emincane, indlela ye-microwave synthesis, indlela ye-electrodeposition, indlela yokuhlanganisa i-plame Lezi zindlela zinokubaluleka okukhulu kocwaningo nokusebenzisa i-nano ceria.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-2-nanometer cerium oxide ekwelashweni kwamanzi
I-CERIUM yinto egcwele kakhulu phakathi kwezakhi zomhlaba ezingandile, ezinamanani aphansi nezinhlelo eziningi. I-Nanometer Couria kanye nezinhlanganisela zayo zidonsele ukunakwa kakhulu emkhakheni wokwelashwa kwamanzi ngenxa yendawo yazo ephezulu yendawo, umsebenzi ophakeme we-catalytic nokuqina okuhle kwesakhiwo.
2.1 Ukusetshenziswa kweNano cerium oxideEkwelashweni kwamanzi yindlela ye-adsorption
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezinjengomkhakha we-Elektronikhi, inani elikhulu lamanzi amdaka aqukethe ukungcola okufana nama-ion asindayo wensimbi kanye nama-fluorine ion akhishwe. Ngisho nalapho egxile ekulandeleleni, kungadala ukulimala okukhulu ezintweni eziphilayo zasemanzini nasendaweni yokuphila yabantu. Izindlela ezisetshenziswayo ezivame ukusetshenziswa zifaka i-oxidation, i-flotation, i-osmosis reverses, i-adsorption, i-nanofilstration, i-biosilption, njll. Izinto ze-NANO CEO2 zinendawo ephakeme engaphezulu komhlaba kanye nomsebenzi ophakeme we-adsorbonts, futhi kube nemibiko eminingi ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-porous nano ce2 kanye nezinto zokwakha ezahlukahlukene ezinama-morphologies ahlukene ku-adsorb futhi asuse ama-ion ayingozi emanzini.
Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi iNano Ceriaria inamandla aqinile ama-adsorption we-F - emanzini ngaphansi kwezimo ezibuthakathaka ze-acidic. Kwikhambi elinokuhlushwa kokuqala kwe-F - kwe-100mg / l ne-PH = 5-6, umthamo we-adsorption we-F - ngu-23mg / g, kanye nesilinganiso sokususa i-F - ngu-85.6%. Ngemuva kokuyilayisha ku-polycrylic acid resin ibhola Lapho kucutshungulwa izikhathi ezingama-120 ivolumu, ngaphezu kwe-90% ye-F - ingasuswa. Uma isetshenziswa ku-adcerb phosphate ne-iodate, umthamo we-adsorption ungafinyelela ngaphezulu kwe-100mg / g ngaphansi kwesimo esihambelanayo se-adsorption. Izinto ezisetshenzisiwe zingasetshenziswa kabusha ngemuva kokuhlanzeka okulula kanye nokwelashwa okungathathi hlangothi, okunezinzuzo zezomnotho eziphezulu.
Kunezifundo eziningi ku-adsorption kanye nokwelashwa kwezinsimbi ezisindayo ezinobuthi njenge-arsenic, i-chromium, i-cadmium, nokuhola usebenzisa i-nano ceria kanye nezinto zokwakha zayo. I-adcesption PH efanelekile iyahluka nge-cand metal ion enezitatimende ezihlukile ze-valence. Isibonelo, isimo se-alkali esibuthakathaka ngokungathathi hlangothi sinesimo esihle kakhulu se-adsorption se-AS (III), ngenkathi isimo esifanelekile se-adsorption se-AS (v) sitholakala ngaphansi kwezimo ezibuthakathaka acidic, lapho umthamo we-adsorption ungafinyelela ngaphezulu kwe-110mg / g ngaphansi kwazo zombili lezi zimo. Sekukonke, ukuhlanganiswa okulungiselelwe kwe-nano ceria nezinto zalo eziyinhlanganisela kungafinyelela amanani aphezulu okususa namanani okususa ama-ion ahlukahlukene we-metal ama-ion ngaphezulu kwebanga eliningi le-pH.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-certium oxide esekelwe ama-nanomatadium asuselwa e-adtics e-adtics kumanzi angawabiki, ama-nano we-porous, ikakhulukazi ekususweni kwe-Congo Red, ikakhulukazi umthamo we-adsorption we 942.7mg / g ngemizuzu engama-60.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-nano ceria ku-advanced oxidation inqubo
Inqubo ye-advanced oxidation (aops yamafuphi) ihlongozwa ukuthuthukisa uhlelo olukhona lokwelashwa lwe-anhydrous. Inqubo ye-advanced oxidation, eyaziwa nangokuthi ubuchwepheshe obujulile be-oxidation Technology, bubonakala ngokukhiqizwa kwe-hydroxyl radical (· OH2), i-supelOxide radical (· O2 -), i-singlet oxygen, njll. Ngekhono eliqinile le-oxidation. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokuphendula zokushisa okuphezulu kanye nengcindezi, ugesi, umsindo, i-irradiation elula, i-catalyst, i-oxidation, i-oxidation ye-sonochemic, i-oxidation ye-ozone, i-oxidation ye-electron, njll. (Bheka umfanekiso 2).
Umdwebo 2 ukuhlukaniswa kwenhlanganisela yezobuchwepheshe yenqubo esezingeni eliphezulu ye-oxidation
Nano ceriaIngabe i-catalyst ye-heterogeneous esetshenziswa kakhulu kwinqubo ethuthukisiwe ye-oxidation. Ngenxa yokuguqulwa okusheshayo phakathi kweCE3 + ne-CE4 + kanye nomphumela wokunciphisa i-oxidation-oxygential okulethwe ngokufakwa komoya-mpilo nokukhululwa, i-nano ceria inekhono elihle le-catalytic. Lapho isetshenziswa njengomkhushulisi we-catalyst, ingathuthukisa ngempumelelo amandla okulinganiswa nokuqina. Lapho i-nano ceria kanye nezinto zayo ezinhlanganisela zisetshenziswa njengezinkulungwane zalo, izakhiwo ezi-catalytic ziyehluka kakhulu nge-morphology, usayizi wezinhlayiyana, nezindiza ezivelele ezivezwa ezithinta ukusebenza kwazo kanye nesicelo. Ngokuvamile kuzwakala ukuthi incane izinhlayiya kanye nendawo ethile yendawo ethize, isayithi elisebenzayo kakhulu, kanye nekhono elinamandla. Amandla we-catalytic we-crystal ebunjiwe, kusuka kokuqina kuya kobuthakathaka, ku-oda ka (100) crystal ebusweni> (110) Crystal Surstal> (111) Crystal Surstal> (111) Crystal Surstal, kanye nokuqina okuhambisanayo kuphambene.
I-Cerrium Oxide iyinto eccondector. Lapho i-nanometer cerium oxide ilungiselelwe ama-photons anamandla amakhulu kune-band gap, ama-elekthronikhi webhendi we-valence ajabule, futhi ukuguqulwa kabusha kwenguquko kwenzeka. Lokhu kuziphatha kuzothuthukisa izinga lokuguqulwa kweCE3 + ne-CE4 +, okuholela emsebenzini oqinile we-photocatalytic we-nano ceria. I-PhotoCatalsis ingafinyelela ukucekelwa phansi okuqondile kwezinto eziphilayo ngaphandle kokungcoliswa kwesibili, ngakho-ke isicelo sayo sinobuchwepheshe obuhlotshwe kakhulu emkhakheni weNano Ceria e-AOPs. Njengamanje, ukugxila okuyinhloko kukwelapheni ukuwohloka kwe-catalytic kwamadayi we-azo, i-phenol, chloronenzene, kanye namanzi angcolile amakhemikhali kusetshenziswa ama-carphologies ahlukahlukene ngezingoma ezihlukile nezingoma eziyinhlanganiso. Ngokusho kombiko, ngaphansi kwendlela eyenziwe kahle ye-Catalyst Syntherisis ye-Catalyst kanye nezimo zemodeli ye-catalytic, amandla okuwohloka kwalezi zinto ngokuvamile angafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-80%, futhi umthamo wokususa we-organic carbon (toc) ungafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-40%.
I-Nano cerium oxiide catalysis yokucekelwa phansi kwezinto ezingcolile ezifana ne-ozone ne-hydrogen peroxide kungenye ubuchwepheshe obufundeke kabanzi. I-PhotocaTatalysis, iphinde igxile ekwazisweni kwe-nano ceria ene-morphologies ehlukene noma izindiza ze-crystal kanye nama-oxigant ahlukene we-composite catalytic oxidizes ku-oxidize futhi angcolise ukungcoliswa kwe-organic. Ngokuyamela okunjalo, ama-catalysts angahlehlisa isizukulwane senani elikhulu lama-radicals asebenzayo avela ku-ozone noma i-hydrogen peroxide, eselahla amakhono e-opidative actification. Ngenxa yokwethulwa kwama-oxidants ekuphenduleni, amandla okususa ama-organic ahlanganisiwe athuthukiswa kakhulu. Ngokuphendula okuningi, izinga lokugcina lokususa lento eqondiwe lingafinyelela noma lisondele ku-100%, futhi isilinganiso sokususa i-TOC siphakeme.
Ngendlela ye-Electrocatalytic Advanced Oxidation, izakhiwo zezinto ze-anode ezinokuziphendukela kwe-oxygen ephezulu kakhulu inqume ukukhethwa kwe-electrocatalytic advanced advanced offidation indlela yokwelapha ukungcoliswa kwe-organic. Izinto ze-cathode ziyisici esibalulekile esinquma ukukhiqizwa kwe-H2O2, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-H2O2 kunquma ukusebenza kahle kwendlela ye-Electrocatalytic Advanced Advanced Oxidation indlela yokwelapha ukungcoliswa kwe-organic. Ucwaningo lokuguqulwa kwe-electrode esebenzisa i-nano ceriale seluthole ukunakwa okubanzi kokubili kwansuku zonke nakwamanye amazwe. Abaphenyi ikakhulu bethule i-nano cerium oxide kanye nezinto zayo ezihlanganisiwe ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zamakhemikhali ukuguqula izinto ezihlukile ze-elektrode, zithuthukise umsebenzi wazo we-elektrode, futhi ngaleyo ndlela zikhuphule umsebenzi we-electrocatalytic kanye nesilinganiso sokugcina.
I-microwave ne-ultrasound zivame ukuba yizindlela ezibalulekile ezisizayo zamamodeli angenhla we-catalytic. Ukuthatha usizo lwe-ultrasonic njengesibonelo, kusetshenziswa amagagasi omsindo wokudlidliza ngamaza aphezulu kune-25KHZ ngomzuzwana, izigidi zama-bubble amancane kakhulu akhiqizwa ngesisombululo esakhiwe nge-ejenti yokuhlanza eyenzelwe ngokukhethekile. Lawa ma-bubble amancane, ngesikhathi sokucindezela okusheshayo kanye nokwanda, akhiqize njalo ukufakwa kwe-bubble, okuvumela izinto ukuthi zikwazi ukushintshanisa ngokushesha futhi zisebenzise ukusebenza kahle kwe-catalystic.
3 Isiphetho
I-Nano ceria kanye nezinto zayo eziyinhlanganisela zingaphatha ngempumelelo i-ions kanye nokungcola okungokwemvelo emanzini, futhi kube namathuba okusebenza abalulekile emikhakheni yokwelashwa kwamanzi okuzayo. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo oluningi lusesigabeni selebhu, futhi ukuze kufezekiswe ngokushesha ukusetshenziswa okusheshayo ekulweni kwamanzi ngokuzayo, izingqinamba ezilandelayo zisadinga ukubhekelwa ngokushesha:
(1) Izindleko zokulungiselela eziphakeme zeNanoI-CEO2Izinto ezisekelwe zihlala ziyinto ebalulekile ebuningi bezinhlelo zabo eziningi ekwelashweni kwamanzi, ezisasesigabeni sokucwaninga ngelebhu. Ukuhlola izindlela ezibiza kakhulu, ezilula nezisebenzayo zokulungiselela ezingalawula i-morphology nosayizi we-NANO CEO CEO2 izinto ezisekelwe kubaluleke kakhulu.
. Inhlanganisela yayo ngezinto zokwakha ama-resin noma izinto zikamagnalu zizoba indlela ebalulekile yocwaningo ngokulungiselela kwayo okubonakalayo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuphinda usebenzise kabusha.
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. Inqubo yangempela yokwelashwa kwendle ivame ukubandakanya ukuhlangana kokungcola okuningi, futhi ukungcola okuhlangene kuzosebenzisana, ngaleyo ndlela kuguqule izici ezingaphezulu kanye nobuthi obungaba ubuthi be-nanomatadium. Ngakho-ke, kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokwenza ucwaningo olwengeziwe ngezici ezihlobene.
Isikhathi sePosi: Meyi-22-2023