CEO2ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri la zida zapadziko lapansi. Anyama yapadziko lapansi ceumili ndi mawonekedwe apadera amagetsi - 4f15D16S2. Wake wapadera wa 4F amatha kusungidwa bwino ndikumasulidwa ma eleclerons, kupanga ma tion a cerde amakhala mu pena pake boma ndi + 4 valence. Chifukwa chake, zida za Ceo2 zimakhala ndi mabowo ambiri onunkhira, ndikutha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mpweya wabwino komanso kumasula mpweya. Kutembenuka mtima kwa CE (III) ndi CE (IV) kumayikanso zinthu za CEO2 zokhala ndi maluso apadera a oxidation. Poyerekeza ndi zida zambiri, nano Ceo2, monga mtundu watsopano wa zinthu zachilengedwe, zosungirako zosewerera, zotulutsa, zosintha kwambiri, komanso kusinthasintha kwapamwamba mwachangu. Pakadali pano pali malipoti ambiri ofufuza komanso mapulogalamu okhudzana ndi Nano Ceo2 monga othandizira, othandizira onyamula kapena owonjezera, ndi Adsorbents.
1. Njira Yokonzekera NanometerCerium Oxide
Pakadali pano, njira zodziwika bwino za nano crialia zimaphatikizapo njira yamankhwala komanso njira yakuthupi. Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zamankhwala, njira zamankhwala zitha kugawidwa njira yopenyerera, njira ya hydrothermal, solfrothermal njira, sol gelefation njira yamagetsi; Njira yakuthupi imakhala njira yopukutira.
1.1 Njira yopukutira
Njira yopukutira yokonzekerera nano ceria nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito kupera amchenga, omwe ali ndi maubwino a mtengo wotsika, ulemu wa chilengedwe, kuthamanga mwachangu. Pakalipano njira yofunika kwambiri yokonzanso malonda a Nano Ceria. Mwachitsanzo, kukonzekera kwa nano cero cerium oxide kutulutsidwa ufa nthawi zambiri amatengera kuwerengera ndi kupera kwa mchenga, ndipo zopangira kukhona zozikika za cerium zimasakanikirana ndi kuwerengetsa kwamchere. Pogwiritsa ntchito tinthu tating'onoting'ono tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambiri tambiri totupa, nano ceria wokhala ndi D50 kuyambira makumi a ma nanometers mazana ambiri atha kupezeka chifukwa cha kusintha.
1.2 Njira Yoyendetsa
Njira yopezera mpweya wabwino imatanthauza njira yokonzekereratu ufa, kudzipatula, kutsuka, kuwerengera, ndikuwerengera, ndikuwerengedwa kwa zinthu zosungunuka moyenera. Njira yokhazikika imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonzekera dziko lapansi ndikuyika nanomatadium, ndi zabwino monga njira yokonzekera yosavuta, yogwira ntchito kwambiri, komanso mtengo wotsika. Ndi njira yogwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera Nano Ceria ndi zida zake zophatikizika m'makampani. Njirayi imatha kukonzekera nano cerology yosiyanasiyana ndikusintha kutentha kwa mpweya, kuthamanga kwa prd, komanso kukonzekera kwa unia cerospheres, komanso kukonzekera kwa Nano Cerospheres omwe amayendetsedwa ndi ma cirrate. M'malo mwake, anyezi wa cerium amatha kuwongoleredwa ndi oh - yopangidwa kuchokera ku hydrolysis ya sodium citrate, kenako ndikulimba ndikuwerengera ma ceria microspheres.
1.3 hydrothermal ndi solvoormal njira
Njira ziwirizi zimangotanthauza njira yokonzekeretsa zinthu mwa kutentha kwambiri komanso kutengera zochita kwambiri pakusaka kwa dongosolo lotsekedwa. Pamene zosungunulira ndi madzi, imatchedwa hydrothermal njira. Mofananamo, mukakumana ndi zosungunulira ndi zosungunulira, zimatchedwa solvermal njira. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tinthu tano kukhala oyera kwambiri, kubalalitsa bwino komanso tinthu tating'onoting'ono, makamaka ufa wa nano wokhala ndi ma morbologies osiyanasiyana kapena nkhope zapadera za kristalo. Sungunulani crium chloride m'madzi osungunuka, kusokoneza ndikuwonjezera sodium hydroxide. Kuchita hydrothermal pa 170 ℃ kwa maola 12 kukonzekera cerium oxide ma nanororods omwe ali ndi (111) ndi (110) ndege za krista. Posintha momwe zinthu ziliri, kuchuluka kwa ndege za Crystal mu ndege zowulula zitha kuwonjezeka, kuphatikizapo kulimbikitsa ntchito yawo yothandizira. Kusintha zosungunulira ndi masinga apansi amathanso kutulutsa nano ceria tiyi ndi hydrophilicity kapena lipophilicity. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera ma ionsthate maysese a gawo lomwe limatha kukonzekera monodispergerse hydrophilic cerium oxide nanoparticles m'madzi. Posankha polar yopanda polar ndikuwonetsa acid acid ngati ligand nthawi yomwe mwachita, monodisperch lipophilic ceophilic amatha kukonzedwa mu polar ortic. (Onani chithunzi 1)
Chithunzi 1 penisterse spriical nano ceria ceria ndi ndodo nano ceria
1.4 Sol gel
Njira ya Sol Gel ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ingapo ngati yotsogola, imapangitsa gelrolysis mu madzi kuti apange sol, ndipo pamapeto pake imawuma ndi calcotes kuti akonze ufa wa ulvefine. Njirayi ndi yoyenera kukonzekereratu kambiri ka kagawo ka katswiri wa Nano Minia imapanga ma nanomaterium, monga cerium chitsulo, cerium nthiwa, zomwe zanenedwa m'mawu ambiri.
1.5 Njira Zina
Kuphatikiza pa njira zomwe tafotokozazi, palinso njira yodzola, njira yamagetsi, njira ya ma plasmave, ion-osinthira membrane electrolysis ndi njira zina zambiri. Njirazi zili ndi tanthauzo lalikulu pakufufuza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nano ceria.
Kugwiritsa ntchito 2-nanometer ceruum oxide m'madzi
Cerium ndiye chinthu chochulukirapo pakati pa zinthu zapadziko lapansi, ndi mitengo yotsika komanso ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Nanometer Criaria ndi gulu lake adakopa chidwi chambiri m'munda wamadzi chifukwa cha malo awo apamwamba, ntchito yayikulu yothandizira komanso kukhazikika kwapadera.
2.1 Kugwiritsa ntchitoNano cerium oxideM'madzi chithandizo cha Adsrorption
M'zaka zaposachedwa, ndikukula kwa mafakitale monga mafakitale amagetsi, madzi ambiri amasungunuka okhala ndi zoopsa monga ma ion ion ndi machesi a fluorine achotsedwa. Ngakhale atangoyang'ana kuzunzika kwa zinthu zachilengedwe zam'madzi komanso malo okhala anthu. Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimaphatikizira oxidation, liwiro, kusintha kwa ossosption, adsorption, adsorption, etc. mtengo wotsika kwambiri, komanso mankhwala okwera. Zipangizo za Nano2 zimakhala ndi malo apamwamba kwambiri komanso zochitika zapamwamba ngati Adsorbents, ndipo pakhala pali malipoti ambiri pa synthesis pa synthesis yopanga ma adfologies osiyanasiyana ndikuchotsa ma issolog ovulaza kuchokera kumadzi.
Kafukufuku wawonetsa kuti nano criaria ali ndi mphamvu yolimba ya f - m'madzi pansi pa zofooka za acidic. Mu yankho ndi gawo loyambirira la f - la 100mg / l ndi pH = 5-6, ndi 23mg / g, ndi 85.6%. Pambuyo poyiyika pa pulogalamu ya polyacryry ad acid (onjezerani kuchuluka: 0.25g / g), amatha kufika pa 99% pochotsa voliyumu yofanana ya 100mg / l wa F - Alquous yankho; Mukakonza 120 kawiri mawuwo, oposa 90% ya f - imatha kuchotsedwa. Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa Adsorb phosphate ndi iodi, mphamvu ya Adsorption imatha kufikira pa 100mg / g pansi pa zofananira mogwirizana ndi ADSORALL. Zinthu zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pambuyo pa njira yosavuta komanso chithandizo choperewera, chomwe chili ndi phindu lachuma kwambiri.
Pali maphunziro ambiri pa Adsorption ndi chithandizo cha zoopsa zoopsa monga arsenic, Chromium, Cadmium, ndi kutsogolera pogwiritsa ntchito nano ceria ndi zida zake zophatikizika. PH of Adsororption Adsororption imasiyanasiyana za zitsulo zolemera zazitsulo zokhala ndi manenedwe osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kufooka kwa ma alkine kwa andale kumakhala ndi mbiri yabwino kwambiri ya Adsororption ya Adsororption ya Adsororption ya Adsoroption kwa acidic, komwe kutsanzira kwa Adsorrapt kungafike pa 110mg / g pansi pa zonse ziwiri. Ponseponse, kaphatikizidwe koyenera kwa nano ceria ndi zida zake kumatha kukwanitsa ma adsorption apamwamba ndi kuchotsa mitengo yosiyanasiyana ya zitsulo zolemera kwambiri.
Kumbali inayo, Cerium oxide zozizwitsa ku Nanomatadium amagwiranso ntchito zodzikongoletsa mu madzi onyansa, makamaka pokonzanso utoto wa orsorpt, omwe ali ndi Kuchuluka kwa 942.7mg / g mu mphindi 60.
2.2 Kugwiritsa ntchito Nano Ceria pazinthu zapamwamba za oxidation
Njira Yapamwamba ya oxidation (ma wops afupikitsa) ikufunsidwa kuti ithandizire dongosolo lomwe lilipoli lilipo. Njira Yotsogola, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti ukadaulo wamafuta, umadziwika ndi kupanga kwa hydroxyl roducal (·h), superoxide ruble (· O2Xide (),),),) oxadation information. Pansi pa mikhalidwe ya kutentha kwambiri komanso kukakamizidwa, magetsi, kumverera kwa maxidation opanga, a elecly, oxidation, electron oxidation, etc. (Onani Chithunzi 2).
Chithunzi 2 Classimication ndi Technology kuphatikiza njira zapamwamba za oxidation
Nano ceriandi chotupa chothandizira chofananira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zapamwamba za oxidation. Chifukwa cha kutembenuka mtima pakati pa CE3 ndi CE4 + ndi maxidation oxidation - ochepetsa maxygen zotsatira zake ndi kumasulidwa, nano corria ali ndi luso labwino la catalytic. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ngati chopereka chothandizira, chitha kusinthanso luso la catalytic ndi bata. Nano Criaria ndi zinthu zake zophatikizika zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati othandizira, katundu wa catalytic amasiyanasiyana ndi marphology, kukula kwake, ndikuwonetsa ndege za galasi. Nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira kuti zocheperako tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi zikuluzikulu, malo ogwirizira ntchito zofananira, komanso luso lazotheka. Kutha kwa catalytic kwa malo owoneka bwino, kukhala olimba mpaka ofooka, ali mu dongosolo la (100) Crystal Pamwamba> (110) Crystal Pamwamba> (110) Crystal Pamwamba> (110) mawonekedwe a Crystal> (111) Malo a Crystal> (111) Malo a Crystal> (111) Malo a Crystal> (111) Malo ozungulira
Cerium oxide ndi semiconductor zinthu. Nanometer ceruum oxide amadzaza ndi matope ndi mphamvu zapamwamba kuposa gulu la pagalu, ma elekitiro obwezeretsanso amasangalala, ndipo kusinthasintha kwa kusinthaku kumachitika. Khalidwe lidzalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa CE3 + ndi CE4 +, chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito protocatalyc of nano ceria. Photocatalysis imatha kuwonongeka mwachindunji ndi kuipitsidwa kwachiwiri, motero ntchito yake ndi ukadaulo wophunziridwa kwambiri m'munda wa nano cero mu map. Pakadali pano, cholinga chachikulu kwambiri ndi kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala a Azo, phenorol, chlorofene, ndi madzi opangira mankhwala ogulitsa mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito ma morbologies ndi nyimbo zophatikizika. Malinga ndi lipotilo, pansi pa njira yabwino yothandizirana ndi ma caryatic, kuwonongeka kwa zinthu izi kumatha kufikira 80%, ndikuchotsa mphamvu ya orbon arbon (toc) amatha kupitilira 40%.
Nano Cerium oxide cametatisi a kuwonongeka kwa ozoni owoneka ngati Ozone ndi Hydrogen Peroxide ndiukadaulo wophunzirira kwambiri. Zofanana ndi Photocatalysississississississississis, imayang'ananso pakutha kwa nano cerologies ndi marfoologies osiyanasiyana ndi miyala yosiyanasiyana yopanga maxidict ndi kunyoza oipitsa. M'malo otere, othandizira amatha kuthana ndi mibadwo yambiri yogwira ntchito kuchokera ku ozone kapena hydrogen peroxide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabowo akomwe agwiritse ntchito bwino. Chifukwa cha kuyambitsa kwa oxidants mu zomwe anachita, kuthekera kochotsa mankhwala achilengedwe kumakulimbikitsidwa kwambiri. M'machitidwe ambiri, kuchotsa komaliza kwa chandamale kungafike kapena kufulumira 100%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa chithubwe kuyeneranso.
Mu electrocatalytic yapamwamba ya oxidation, katundu wazinthu za ande ndi oxygen exygen wodziwika kwambiri kudziwa njira ya electrocatalytic yothandizira odetsedwa. Zinthu zofunika ndi chinthu chofunikira kudziwa kupanga kwa H2o2, ndipo kupanga kwa H2o2 kumatsimikizira kuchita bwino kwa ma elekicrocatalytic apamwamba kwambiri ochiritsira mafuta oyipitsa. Kuphunzira kusintha kwa zinthu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito Nano Cria alandila chisamaliro chofala kwambiri komanso padziko lonse lapansi. Ofufuzawo amayambitsa nano cero cero oxide ndi mitundu yake yophatikizika kudzera m'njira zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi kuti asinthe zida zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi, kukonza ntchito zawo za electroctoctoctoctic ndi kuchotsera komaliza.
Microwave ndi ultrasound nthawi zambiri imakhala yofunika kuthandizira mitundu yomwe ili pamwambapa. Kutenga othandizira akupanga monga chitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito mafunde owuma ndi ma frequencles apamwamba kuposa 25kHz pa sekondi imodzi, mamiliyoni ambiri okhoma kwambiri amapangidwa mu yankho lokonzedwa ndi woyeretsa. Magulu ang'onoang'ono awa, pakukakamiza mwachangu ndi kukulitsa, kumapangitsa kuti zinthu zisinthe mwachangu komanso kusokoneza kwambiri.
Mapeto
Nano Ceria ndi zida zake zophatikizika zimatha kuchitira ma ion ndi zodetsa zoipitsa m'madzi, ndipo ali ndi ntchito yofunika yothandizira minda yamadzi amtsogolo. Komabe, kafukufuku ambiri adakali mu labotale gawo la labotale, ndipo kuti akwaniritse ntchito mwachangu m'madzi amtsogolo, zomwe zotsatirazi zikufunikabe kuti zitheke:
(1) Mtengo wokwera kwambiri wa nanoCEO2Zipangizo zochokera kumakhalabe chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pantchito yawo yambiri m'madzi, omwe akadali mu gawo la labotale. Kuyang'ana mtengo wotsika mtengo, njira zosavuta komanso zothandiza zomwe zingayendetse morphology ndi kukula kwa Nano Ceo2 zochokera kuzinthu zafukufuku.
. Wopanga zinthu ndi zinthu zotchinga kapena maginito azikhala kafukufuku wofunikira kwambiri pakukonzekera bwino ndikukonzanso ukadaulo.
.
. Njira yothandizira idhaage yomwe imakonda kugwirizana ndi zodetsa zambiri, ndipo zodetsa zowoneka bwino zimalumikizana wina ndi mzake, potuluka ndikusintha mawonekedwe a nanomatadity wa nanomatadium. Chifukwa chake, pakufunika kuchita kafukufuku wochuluka pazinthu zokhudzana ndi mbali zokhudzana.
Post Nthawi: Meyi-22-2023