N'afọ 1879, ndị prọfesọ kemịkalụ Sweden LF Nilson (1840-1899) na PT Cleve (1840-1905) chọtara ihe ọhụrụ na mineral gadolinite na obere ọla edo na-adịghị ahụkebe n'otu oge.Ha kpọrọ ihe a aha "Scandium", nke bụ ihe "boron like" nke Mendeleev buru n'amụma. Nchọpụta ha na-egosikwa izi ezi nke iwu nke ọcha oge na echiche Mendeleev.
E jiri ya tụnyere ihe ndị lanthanide, scandium nwere obere radius ionic na alkalinity nke hydroxide adịghịkwa ike.Ya mere, mgbe a na-ejikọta scandium na ihe ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe n'ụwa, a na-eji amonia (ma ọ bụ alkali na-egbuke egbuke) na-emeso ha, na scandium ga-ebu ụzọ mee ihe.Ya mere, enwere ike ikewapụ ya ngwa ngwa na ihe ndị dị ụkọ n'ụwa site na usoro "mmiri mmiri ozuzo".Ụzọ nke ọzọ bụ iji pola decomposition nke nitrate maka nkewa, n'ihi na scandium nitrate bụ ihe kasị mfe ire ere, iji nweta nzube nke nkewa.
Enwere ike nweta metal Scandium site na electrolysis.N'oge a na-edozi scandium.Scl3, KCl na LiCl na-agbaze ọnụ, a na-eji zinc a wụrụ awụ mee ihe dị ka cathode maka electrolysis iji mee ka scandium dị na electrode zinc.Mgbe ahụ, a na-ekpochapụ zinc iji nweta ígwè scandium.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ọ dị mfe ịnweta scandium mgbe a na-edozi ore iji mepụta uranium, thorium, na lanthanide.Mgbake zuru oke nke scandium na-eso ya site na tungsten na ogbunigwe tin bụkwa isi iyi dị mkpa nke scandium.Scandium bụ tumadi na trivalent steeti na ogige ma na-adị mfe oxidized kaSc2O3N'ikuku, na-efunahụ ọmarịcha ọla ya wee ghọọ isi awọ gbara ọchịchịrị.Scandium nwere ike iji mmiri ọkụ meghachi omume iji hapụ hydrogen ma na-agbaze ngwa ngwa na acid, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-ebelata ike.Ihe oxides na hydroxides nke scandium na-egosi naanị alkalinity, mana ntụ nnu ha enweghị ike ịmegharị ya.Chloride nke scandium bụ kristal na-acha ọcha nke na-adị mfe mgbaze n'ime mmiri ma nwee ike ịpụ n'ikuku.Ngwa ya bụ isi bụ ndị a.
(1) N'ime ụlọ ọrụ metallurgical, a na-ejikarị scandium eme ihe na-emepụta alloys (ihe mgbakwunye maka alloys) iji mee ka ike ha dị ike, ike siri ike, nkwụsị ọkụ, na arụmọrụ ha.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịgbakwụnye obere scandium na ígwè a wụrụ awụ nwere ike imeziwanye ihe nkedo ígwè, ebe ịtinye obere scandium na aluminom nwere ike ime ka ike ya dịkwuo elu na nkwụsị ọkụ.
(2) N'ime ụlọ ọrụ eletrọnịkị, enwere ike iji scandium dị ka ngwaọrụ semiconductor dị iche iche, dị ka ngwa nke scandium sulfite na semiconductor, nke dọtara uche ma n'ime ụlọ na mba ụwa.Ferrite nwere scandium nwekwara ngwa na-ekwe nkwa na kọmpụta magnetik.
(3) N'ime ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ, a na-eji ogige scandium eme ihe dị ka ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma maka mmịpụta mmanya na-aba n'anya na akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ na mmepụta nke ethylene na mmepụta nke chlorine sitere na mkpofu hydrochloric acid.
(4) N'ime ụlọ ọrụ iko, enwere ike ịmepụta iko pụrụ iche nwere scandium.
(5) N'ime ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik, Scandium sodium oriọna ndị sitere na scandium na sodium nwere uru nke arụmọrụ dị elu na agba ọkụ dị mma.
Scandium dị n'ụdị 15Sc n'okike, yana nwekwara 9 isotopes redioaktivu nke scandium, ya bụ 40-44Sc na 16-49Sc.N'ime ha, ejirila 46Sc dị ka onye na-achọpụta kemịkalụ, metallurgical na ubi oceanographic.Na nkà mmụta ọgwụ, enwekwara ọmụmụ ihe ná mba ọzọ iji 46Sc na-agwọ ọrịa kansa.
Oge nzipu: Eprel-19-2023